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Understanding the impact of disease and vaccine mechanisms on the importance of optimal vaccine allocation

Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 539-550页

作者： isobel r.abell James M.McCaw Christopher M.Baker School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Melbourne Centre for Data Science The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity risk Analysis The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

Vaccination is an important epidemic intervention ***,it is generally unclear how the outcomes of different vaccine strategies change depending on population characteristics,vaccine mechanisms and allocation *** this paper we develop a conceptual mathematical model to simulate strategies for pre-epidemic *** extend the SEIr model to incorporate a range of vaccine mechanisms and disease *** then compare the outcomes of optimal and suboptimal vaccination strategies for three public health objectives(total infections,total symptomatic infections and total deaths)using numerical *** comparison shows that the difference in outcomes between vaccinating optimally and suboptimally depends on vaccine mechanisms,disease characteristics,and objective *** modelling finds vaccines that impact transmission produce better outcomes as transmission is reduced for all *** vaccines that impact the likelihood of symptomatic disease or dying due to infection,the improvement in outcome as we decrease these variables is dependent on the strategy *** a principled model-based process,this work highlights the importance of designing effective vaccine allocation *** conclude that efficient allocation of resources can be just as crucial to the success of a vaccination strategy as the vaccine effectiveness and/or amount of vaccines available.

关键词： Mathematical modelling Epidemiology

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Insect herbivory along environmental gradients

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Open Journal of Ecology 2012年第4期2卷 202-213页

作者： Nigel r. Andrew isobel r. roberts Sarah J. Hill Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology Zoology University of New England Armidale Australia

There is a general assumption in the literature that insect herbivory increases towards the tropics, but decreases with increasing altitude. Similar generalities have been identified along other environmental gradients, such as resource, temperature, climatic and biotic gradients. However there is growing evidence in the scientific literature that such generalities are not consistent. This could be due to a number of reasons including the lack of consistency in the way herbivory is assessed such as different methodologies used by researchers, or fundamental differences in leaf damage caused by different types of insect herbivores. Here we assess 61 publications researching insect herbivory along a range of environmental gradients (both biotic and abiotic) and review the methods that researchers have used to collected their data. We found leaf chewing from samples collected in North America dominated the field and most studies assessed herbivory on a single host plant species. Thirty three percent of the studies assessed latitudinal gradients, while 10% assessed altitudinal gradients. Insect herbivory was most commonly expressed as percentage leaf damage using point herbivory. Fewer studies measured a range of different types of herbivory (such as sap sucking, leaf mining, galling, and root feeding) as leaves aged. From our synthesis, we hope that future research into insect herbivory along environmental gradients will take into account herbivory other than just leaf chewing, such as sap sucking, which may cause more damage to plants. Future research should also assess herbivory as a rate, rather than just a single point in time as damage to a young leaf may be more costly to a plant than damage to a mature or senescing leaf. Measurements of plant traits will also assist in comparing herbivory across habitats, plant species, and within species physiological variation. The true impacts that insects have on plants via herbivory along environmental gradients are still p

关键词： Insect Herbivory Gradients Leaf Chewing Sap Sucking Galling root Feeding

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A Brassica carinata pan-genome platform for Brassica crop improvement

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Plant Communications 2024年第1期5卷 20-23页

作者： Yan Niu Qingqing Liu Zhesi He rosy raman Hao Wang Xinxin Long Han Qin Harsh raman isobel A.P.Parkin Ian Bancroft Jun Zou National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina Department of Biology University of YorkHeslingtonYork YO105DDUK NSW Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNSW 2650Australia Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development CentreSaskatoonSKCanada

Dear Editor,Brassica carinata(Bc Bc Cc Cc),an important agricultural crop cultivated for the edible oil,leafy vegetable,high-value protein stockfeed,and biofuel markets,contains favorable genetic variation that can be exploited to develop climate-resilient and wateruse-efficient Brassica crops(Seepaul et al.,2021).Although several quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for flowering time,seed quality traits,and pod shatter resistance(PSr)have been identified based on high-density genetic linkage maps(Zou et al.,2014;raman et al.,2017;Zhang et al.,2017),this information alone is insufficient for practical genetic improvement and breeding applications.

关键词： breeding crops cultivated

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