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Human PIWI(HIWI) is an azoospermia factor

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第3期61卷 348-350页

作者： Hidetoshi Hasuwa Kyoko ishino Haruhiko Siomi Department of Molecular Biology Keio University School of Medicine

Transposable elements （TEs） make up nearly half of the mammalian genome. Recent probabilistic re-annotation of genome sequences indicated that as much as two-thirds or more of the human genome may be derived from TEs （de Koning et al., 2011）. Their ability to mobilize in the genome represents a constant threat to the host by creating insertion mutations, which may lead to progressive deterioration of genetic information. To counteract this threat, host cells have evolved adaptive control mechanisms to repress the activity of TEs. One such mechanism is the P1WI-piRNA pathway conserved in animals, from C. elegans to humans （Iwasaki et al., 2015）. The pathway is a germline-specific mechanism required to maintain genome integrity. In this pathway, piRNAs （short for PIWI-interacting RNAs） with 25-35 nucleotides （nt） in length form effector complexes or RNA-induced silencing complexes （RISCs） with PIWI clade proteins of Argonautes to trigger multiple forms of sequence-specific gene silencing by guiding RISCs to target RNAs by means of Watson-Crick base-pairing, piR- NA-loaded RISCs or piRISCs normally repress TEs either by cleaving their transcripts in the cytoplasm or by inducing heterochromatin formation at their insertion sites of the ge- nome.

关键词：精子 RISC 哺乳动物基因信息染色体 RNA 适应控制建筑群

Inspiration and encounters:Carl Woese and my 30-year research journey

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mLife 2022年第4期1卷 368-373页

作者： Yoshizumi ishino Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan.

I clearly remember the day in February 1998 when I met Professor Carl Woese for the first time at his laboratory in the Department of Microbiology,the University of Illinois at Urbana–*** kindly gave me the reprint of his seminal review paper with his signature(Microbiological Reviews in 1987)1.A veritable treasure,I keep this paper in my office,having started research on the molecular biology of Archaea in 1992 and having always aspired to meet him *** this essay,I highlight the remarkable achievements of Carl Woese and share my memories of him,while looking back at my own research on Archaea and related aspects in Japan.

关键词： looking own remember

A novel strategy to protect prokaryotic cells from virus infection

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Engineering Microbiology 2024年第2期4卷 104-106页

作者： Yoshizumi ishino Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395Japan Cell Biology Center Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyKanagawa 226-8503Japan Genome Editing Research Institute Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and TechnologyShiga 526-0829Japan

The recent discovery of the CRISPR-Cas-mediated acquired immunity system highlights the fact that our knowl-edge of phage/virus defense mechanisms encoded in bacterial and archaeal genomes is far from ***,new prokaryotic immune systems are now continually being discovered.A recent report described a novel glyco-sylase that recognizesα-glycosyl-hydroxymethyl cytosin(α-Glu-hmC),a modified base observed in the T4 phage genome,where it produces an abasic site,thereby inhibiting the phage propagation.

关键词： Prokaryotic immunity Antiviral defense Glycosylase Modified base Functional screening

Coherent X-ray mirage: discovery and possible applications

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2014年第2期2卷 1-6页

作者： Tatiana Pikuz Anatoly Faenov Sergey Magnitskiy Nikolay Nagorskiy Momoko Tanaka Masahiko ishino Masaharu Nishikino Yuji Fukuda Masaki Kando Yoshiaki Kato Tetsuya Kawachi Quantum Beam Science Directorate Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kizugawa Kyoto 619-0215 Japan Joint Institute for High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 125412 Russia Institute for Academic Initiatives Osaka University International Laser Center of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries Hamamatsu Shizuoka 431-1202 Japan

In the far field of the intensity distribution of the beam delivered by a two-stage transient–collisional excitation X-ray laser(XRL), a non-expected interference pattern that is stable from shot to shot has been discovered. It is demonstrated that the interference is caused by the emergence of an imaginary source in the amplifying plasma, which is phase matched to the radiation of the generator. The observed phenomenon is called an X-ray coherent mirage. To explain the obtained results, a new theoretical approach is developed. The basic essential conditions for formation of the X-ray mirage are formulated, and possible applications are discussed. This paper details the experiments, including the formulation of the necessary and sufficient conditions for formation of the X-ray mirage, and possible applications are discussed.

关键词： coherent seeded beams mirage phase-matching X-ray lasers X-ray plasma optics

Soft X-ray laser observation of femtosecond-laser-driven ablation of tungsten

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Chinese Optics Letters 2015年第7期13卷 2-4页

作者： Masaharu Nishikino Noboru Hasegawa Masahiko ishino Yoshihiro Ochi Tetsuya Kawachi Mitsuru Yamagiwa Yoshiaki Kato Quantum Beam Science Directorate Kansai Photon Science Institute Japan Atomic Energy Agency Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries

Ablation dynamics of tungsten irradiated with a 70 fs laser pulse is investigated with X-ray interferometry and X-ray imaging using a 13.9 nm soft X-ray laser of 7 ps pulse duration. The evolution of high-density ablation front of tungsten （i.e., W） is presented. The ablation front expands to ~120 nm above the original target surface at 160 ps after femtosecond-laser irradiation with an expansion speed of approximately 750 m/s. These results will provide important data for understanding ablation properties of W, which is a candidate material of the first wall of magnetic confinement fusion reactors.

关键词： Soft X-ray laser observation of femtosecond-laser-driven ablation of tungsten high

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日本熔炼设备和操作的发展趋势

现代铸铁 1991年第3期11卷 52-64页

作者： T.ishino 秦向东

日本铸铁件的产量从1950年的大约70万吨增加到1970年的450万吨。此后,由于材料质量的改善,铸件变得薄而轻,因而铸件总吨数并没有增加很多。雇员不足30人的小型铸造厂,约占日本铸造厂数的60％。在日本,有许多熔化率约为2～5吨/小时的小... 详细信息

日本铸铁件的产量从1950年的大约70万吨增加到1970年的450万吨。此后,由于材料质量的改善,铸件变得薄而轻,因而铸件总吨数并没有增加很多。雇员不足30人的小型铸造厂,约占日本铸造厂数的60％。在日本,有许多熔化率约为2～5吨/小时的小冲天炉.目前,铸铁总产量的一半左右是由冲天炉熔炼的,有三分之一是由感应电炉熔炼的。

关键词：铸铁熔炼冲天炉感应炉日本

Multi-Schlieren CT Measurements of Supersonic Microjets from Circular and Square Micro Nozzles

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2020年第3期8卷 77-101页

作者： Ahmad Zaid Nazari Yojiro ishino Yuta Ishiko Fumiya Ito Harumi Kondo Ryoya Yamada Takanori Motohiro Yoshiaki Miyazato Shinichiro Nakao Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering The University of Kitakyushu Kitakyushu Japan

Instantaneous three-dimensional (3D) density distributions of a shock-cell structure of perfectly and imperfectly expanded supersonic microjets escaping into an ambient space are measured. For the 3D observation of supersonic microjets, non-scanning 3D computerized tomography (CT) technique using a 20-directional quantitative schlieren optical system with flashlight source is employed for simultaneous schlieren photography. The 3D density distributions data of the microjets are obtained by 3D-CT reconstruction of the projection’s images using maximum likelihood-expectation maximization. Axisymmetric convergent-divergent (Laval) circular and square micro nozzles with operating nozzle pressure ratio 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.67, and 3.5 have been studied. This study examines perfectly expanded, overexpanded, and underexpanded supersonic microjets issued from micro nozzles with fully expanded jet Mach numbers Mj ranging from 1.47 - 1.71, where the design Mach number is Md = 1.5. A complex phenomenon for free square microjets called axis switching is clearly observed with two types “upright” and “diagonal” of “cross-shaped”. The initial axis-switching is 45° within the first shock-cell range. In addition, from the symmetry and diagonal views of square microjets for the first shock-cells, two different patterns of shock waves are viewed. The shock-cell spacing and supersonic core length for all nozzle pressure ratios are investigated and reported.

关键词： Supersonic Microjet Multi-Directional Quantitative Schlieren Optical System Three-Dimensional (3D) Measurement Computerized Tomography (CT) Circular and Square Micro Laval Nozzles

Quantitative Schlieren Image-Noise Reduction Using Inverse Process and Multi-Path Integration

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2020年第2期8卷 25-44页

作者： Ahmad Zaid Nazari Yojiro ishino Fumiya Ito Harumi Kondo Ryoya Yamada Takanori Motohiro Yu Saiki Yoshiaki Miyazato Shinichiro Nakao Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering The University of Kitakyushu Kitakyushu Japan

This report deals with introducing two new techniques based on a novel concept of complex brightness gradient in quantitative schlieren images, “inverse process” and “multi-path integration” for image-noise reduction. Noise in schlieren images affects the projections (density thickness) images of computerized tomography (CT). One spot noise in the schlieren image appears in a line shape in the density thickness image. Noise effect like an infectious disease spreads from a noisy pixel to the next pixel in the direction of single-path integration. On the one hand, the noise in the schlieren image reduces the quality of the image and quantitative analysis and is undesirable;on the other it is unavoidable. Therefore, the importance of proper noise reduction techniques seems essential and tangible. In the present report, a novel technique “multi-path integration” is proposed for noise reduction in projections images of CT. Multi-path integration is required the schlieren brightness gradient in two orthogonal directions. The 20-directional quantitative schlieren optical system presents only images of schlieren brightness in the horizontal gradient and another 20-directional optical system seems necessary to obtain vertical schlieren brightness gradient, simultaneously. Using the “inverse process”, a new technique enables us to obtain vertical schlieren brightness gradient from horizontal experimental data without the necessity of a new optical system and can be used for obtaining any optional directions of schlieren brightness gradient.

关键词： Noise Reduction Technique Inverse Process Quantitative Schlieren Optical System Complex Schlieren Brightness Computerized Tomography (CT)

Induction heating for desorption of surface contamination for high-repetition laser-driven carbon-ion acceleration

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第5期8卷 19-25页

作者： Sadaoki Kojima Tatsuhiko Miyatake Hironao Sakaki Hiroyoshi Kuroki Yusuke Shimizu Hisanori Harada Norihiro Inoue Thanh Hung Dinh Masayasu Hata Noboru Hasegawa Michiaki Mori Masahiko ishino Mamiko Nishiuchi Kotaro Kondo Masaharu Nishikino Masaki Kando Toshiyuki Shirai Kiminori Kondo Kansai Institute for Photon Science National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology(QST)8-1-7 UmemidaiKizugawaKyoto 619-0215Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga-KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan Hitachi Zosen Corporation 7-89 Nanko-Kita 1-chomeSuminoe-kuOsaka 559-8559Japan Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics Institute for Radiological ScienceNational Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology(QST)4-9-1 AnagawaInage-kuChiba 263-8555Japan

This study reports the first experimental demonstration of surface contamination cleaning from a high-repetition supply of thin-tape targets for laser-driven carbon-ion *** adsorption of contaminants containing protons,mainly water vapor and hydrocarbons,on the surface of materials exposed to low vacuum(>10^(−3)Pa)suppresses carbon-ion *** newly developed contamination cleaner heats a 5-μm-thick nickel tape to over 400℃in 100 ms by induction *** the future,this heating method could be scaled to laserdriven carbon-ion acceleration at rates beyond 10 *** contaminant hydrogen is eliminated from the heated nickel surface,and a carbon source layer—derived from the contaminant carbon—is spontaneously formed by the catalytic effect of *** species of ions accelerated from the nickel film heated to various temperatures have been observed *** the nickel film is heated beyond∼150℃,the proton signal considerably decreases,with a remarkable increase in the number and energy of carbon *** Langmuir adsorption model adequately explains the temperature dependence of desorption and re-adsorption of the adsorbed molecules on a heated target surface,and the temperature required for proton-free carbon-ion acceleration can be estimated.

关键词： acceleration heated nickel