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The evolutionary development of plant-feeding insects and their nutritional endosymbionts

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 910-928页

作者： isabel H. Skidmore Allison K. Hansen Department of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Ilfinois USA

Herbivorous insects have evolved diverse mechanisms enabling them to feed on plants with suboptimal nutrient availability. Low nutrient availability negatively impacts insect herbivore development and fitness. To overcome this obstacle numerous insect lineages have evolved intimate associations with nutritional endosymbionts. This is especially true for insects that specialize on nitrogen-poor substrates, as these insects are highly dependent on intraceUular symbionts to provide nitrogen lacking in their insect host＇s diet. Emerging evidence in these systems suggest that the symbiont＇s and/or the insect＇s biosynthetic pathways are dynamically regulated throughout the insect＇s development to potentially cope with the insect＇s changing nutritional demands. In this review, we evaluate the evolutionary development of symbiotic insect cells （bacteriocytes） by comparing and contrasting genes and mechanisms involved in maintaining and regulating the nutritional symbiosis throughout insect development in a diversity of insect herbivore-endosymbiont associations. With new advances in genome sequencing and functional genomics, we eval- uate to what extent nutritional symbioses are shaped by （i） the regulation of symbiont titer, （ii） the regulation of insect symbiosis genes, and （iii） the regulation of symbiont genes. We discuss how important these mechanisms are for the biosynthesis of essential amino acids and vitamins across insect life stages in divergent insect-symbiont systems. We conclude by suggesting future directions of research to further elucidate the evolutionary development of bacteriocytes and the impact of these nutritional symbioses on insect plant interactions.

关键词： development evolutionary insect herbivores plant-insect microbe interactions symbiosis

Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis:From bench to bedside

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第3期14卷 654-663页

作者： Pedro Currais Isadora Rosa isabel Claro Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisboa 1099-023Portugal

Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the main causes of cancer death in developed ***,it is potentially preventable,by removing the precursor lesions-adenomas or serrated *** studies proved that this intervention reduces CRC mortality and that the first colonoscopy’s results can guide surveillance *** recently,it became clear that several carcinogenesis pathways may lead to sporadic *** is a heterogeneous disease,characterized by multiple molecular *** main pathways have been implicated in the development of CRC:Chromosomal instability,microsatellite instability,and the“serrated”pathways,with overlapping features between *** and other molecular and genetic based CRC classifications are known to have clinical implications,spanning from familial risk assessment to therapy *** authors review basic science data and provide insight on current implications for the management of patients with CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Carcinogenesis pathways Microsatellite instability APC KRAS BRAF

Conspecific negative density dependence in American beech

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第3期4卷 174-181页

作者： Benjamin S.Ramage isabel J.Mangana Biology Department Randolph-Macon College

Background： One of the most important drivers of forest biodiversity is conspecific negative density dependence（CNDD）, a reduction in performance when conspecific densities are high. While the majority of CNDD research has focused on tropical forests, evidence is mounting that CNDD may also play an important role in temperate *** further explore the potential reach of this phenomenon, we investigated CNDD in American beech（Fagus grandifolia）in a mature mid-Atlantic ***： We used bivariate point pattern analyses to examine spatial relationships between large beech trees and conspecific saplings, and we also contrasted these patterns with comparable patterns for heterospecifics. In addition, to address the possibility of dispersal limitation and the associated effects on spatial patterns, we analyzed seedling density as a function of adult conspecific ***： We found that beech saplings were more repel ed from large conspecifics than large heterospecifics, despite the fact that beech seedling density was positively correlated with beech basal area. However, saplings of other canopy tree species were also repel ed from adult beech trees, suggesting a general suppressive effect. Nonetheless, the discrepancy between beech seedling and sapling densities beneath adult conspecifics suggests that beech seedling survival rates were reduced in vicinity of conspecific ***： Regardless of the extent to which beech inhibits heterospecific trees, a negative effect on conspecific recruits may be critical for biodiversity maintenance. Without this conspecific suppression, a dense layer of shade-tolerant beech saplings could form beneath adult beech trees. If this were to occur, beech would have a substantial head-start fol owing canopy disturbance, and this late-successional species could potential y dominate a stand in perpetuity,through repeated disturbance cycles.

关键词： Biodiversity Disturbance Dispersal limitation Diversity Fagus grondifolia Janzen-Connell effects Mid-Atlantic Point pattern analysis Regeneration Temperate forest

Effects of a sex ratio gradient on female mate-copying and choosiness in Drosophila melanogaster

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 251-258页

作者： Magdalena MONIER Sabine NOBEL Guillaume isabel Etienne DANCHIN UMR-5174 Laboratoire Evolution & Diversite Biologique (EDB) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) Universite de Toulouse 118 route de NarbonneF-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA) Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Universite de Toulouse 118 route de Narbonne F-31082 Toulouse Cedex 9 France

In many sexually reproducing species, individuals can gather information about potential mates by observing their mating success. This behavioral pattern, that we call mate-copying, was reported in the fruit fly Drosophila rnelanogaster where females choosing between 2 males of contrasting phenotypes can build a preference for males of the phenotype they previously saw being chosen by a demonstrator female. As sex ratio is known to affect mate choice, our goal was to test whether mate-copying is also affected by encountered sex ratios. Thus, we created a gradient of sex ratio during demonstrations of mate-copying experiments by changing the number of females observ- ing from a central arena 6 simultaneous demonstrations unfolding in 6 peripheral compartments of a hexagonal device. We also tested whether the sex ratio experienced by females during demon- strations affected their choosiness （male courtship duration and double courtship rate） in subse- quent mate-choice tests. Experimental male：female sex ratio during demonstrations did not affect mate-copying indices, but positively affected the proportion of both males courting the female during mate-choice tests, as well as male courtship duration, the latter potentially explaining the for- mer relationship. As expected, the sex ratio affected female choosiness positively, and Drosophila females seem to have evolved a mate-copying ability independently of sex ratio, and a capacity to adapt their choosiness to male availability. This suggests that, as in many animal species, individuals, especially females, can adapt their mate choice depending on the current sex ratio.

关键词： competition Drosophila melanogaster experimental protocol mate-copying social learning sex ratio.

Optimizing strategies to reduce alcohol consumption and relapses,improving abstinence in liver transplant recipients

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第1期11卷 153-155页

作者： isabel Legaz Manuel Muro Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine Biomedical Research Institute(IMIB)Regional Campus of International Excellence“Campus Mare Nostrum”Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MurciaMurciaSpain Immunology Service Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca(HCUVA)MurciaSpain

We have read with great attention and special interest the paper by Carrique and collaborators entitled:Results of Early Transplantation for Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis:Integrated Addiction Treatment with Low Rate of Relapse(1).In this prospective study,the authors initiated a pilot program to challenge the paradigm of the“6-month rule”of abstinence for patients with alcohol-related liver disease(ALD)requiring a transplant(2).

关键词： alcohol liver initiated

Developments and characteristics of craft beer production processes

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Food Bioscience 2022年第1期45卷 232-248页

作者： Salvador Villacreces Carlos A.Blanco isabel Caballero Dpto de Ingeniería Agrícola Forestal ETS de Ingenierías AgrariasUniversidad de Valladolid34004Palencia.Spain

Beer is a popular drink and represents the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the *** recent years,there has been a significant growth of independent craft breweries,even in countries without a brewing tradition.A craft brewery is usually defined as a small,independent and traditional ***,consumers are looking for genuine,singular,different and high-quality *** beer manufacturers have responded to this with the introduction of a novel combination of raw or malted cereals and have modified the beer flavours and taste with the addition of fruit,spices,*** work presents an analysis of the different aspects related to craft *** characteristics and brewing singularities are *** quality and safety standards used are examined and future trends of craft beer are also discussed.

关键词： Craft beer Ingredients Craft beer quality By-products Microbiological safety

Intraspecific competition in Zabrotes subfasciatus： Physiological and behavioral adaptations to different amounts of host

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Insect Science 2012年第1期19卷 102-111页

作者： isabel R.V.Teixeira Fernando S.Zucoloto Insect Nutrition and Feeding Behavior Laboratory Department of BiologyFaculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto Universidade de Sao PauloSao Paulo epartment of Biology Federal Institute of Sul de Minas-Campus MuzambinhoIFSULDEMINAS MuzambinhoMinas GeraisBrazil

The effects of competition on populations of the bean weevil Zabrotes sub- fasciatus were analyzed during 41 generations under different competition levels. Three competition environments were established by maintaining the number of couples （6） and varying the amount of available host seeds： HC, high （limited availability of host： 1.35 g）; IC, intermediate （intermediate availability of host： 6 g）; and LC, low competition （abun- dance of host： 36 g）. It was found that the distribution of the eggs laid on grains was different among treatments： in LC, for example, although females showed high fecundity （35.4 ± 5.6 eggs/female） the number of eggs laid on each grain was small （1.2 ± 0.4 eggs on each seed）, thus avoiding larval competition of their offspring; whereas in HC treatment, females showed low fecundity （27.04 ± 4.5 eggs/female） but laid many eggs on each grain （15.03 ± 4.3 eggs）. There were no changes in the ability to respond to different amounts of host via oviposition behavior （egg distribution） during 41 generations. How- ever, HC females had more offspring than LC females under HC conditions. This suggests that HC insects evolved toward higher fitness in crowded conditions. In addition, after inverting the competition level, insects behaved independently of the treatment conditions they experienced through generations, thus showing that oviposition behavior is flexible. Taken together, our results show that Z. subfasciatus presents a broad range of behavioral and physiological responses which allows for quick and reversible adjustments to sudden changes in the amount of resources.

关键词： bean weevil Coleoptera egg distribution oviposition Phaseolus vulgaris phenotypic plasticity

Early-onset colorectal cancer:A review of current knowledge

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第8期29卷 1289-1303页

作者： Margarida R Saraiva Isadora Rosa isabel Claro Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco GentilLisboa 1099-023Portugal

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent malignancies *** most prevalent among older people,its incidence above 50 years old has been decreasing globally in the last decades,probably as a result of better ***,its incidence in patients below 50 years old[early-onset CRC(EO-CRC)]has been increasing,for reasons not yet fully ***’s increasing incidence is genre independent but shows racial disparities and has been described to occur *** follows a birth-cohort effect which probably reflects a change in exposure to CRC risk *** incidence is predicted to double until 2030,which makes EO-CRC a serious public health *** modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been identified-some are potential targets for preventive ***-CRC is often diagnosed at advanced stages and histological features associated with poor prognosis have been ***-CRC presents some distinctive features:Microsatellite instability is common,but another subtype of tumours,both microsatellite and chromosome stable also seems *** are no age-specific treatment protocols and studies on EO-CRC survival rates have shown conflicting *** to the higher germline pathological mutations found in EO-CRC patients,an accurate genetic risk evaluation should be *** this review,we summarize the current evidence on epidemiological,clinical,histopathological and molecular features of EO-CRC and discuss the contribution of genetics and lifestyle risk *** further comment on screening strategies and specific dimensions to consider when dealing with a younger cancer patient.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Early-onset Adenocarcinoma Hereditary Birth-cohort effect Risk factors

Engineering nanoparticles for targeting rheumatoid arthritis： Past, present, and future trends

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Nano Research 2018年第9期11卷 4489-4506页

作者： isabel Matos Oliveira Cristiana Goncalves Rui Lufs Reis Joaquim Miguel Oliveira B's Research Group - Biomatefials Biodegradables and Biomimetics Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark 4805-017 Barco Guimaraes Portugal ICVS/3B's-PTGovernment Associate Laboratory University of Minho Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine Headquarters at University of Minho Avepark 4805-017 Barco Guimaraes Portugal

Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial joint inflammation and cartilage and bone tissue destruction. Although there exist some treatment strategies for RA, they are not completely safe and effective. Therefore, it is important to develop and test new drugs for RA that specifically target inflamed/swollen joints and simultaneously attenuate other possible damages to healthy tissues. Nanotechnology can be a good alternative to consider when envisioning predse medication for treating RA. Through the use of nanopartides, it is possible to increase bioavailability and bioactivity of therapeutics and enable selective targeting to damaged joints. Herein, recent studies using nanoparticles for the treatment of RA, namely with liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and metallic nanoparticles, have been reviewed. These therapeutic strategies have shown great promise in improving the treatment over that by traditional drugs. The results of these studies confirm that feasibility of the use of nanopartides is mainly due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, controlled release, and selective drug delivery to inflamed tissues in animal RA models. Therefore, it is possible to claim that nanotechnology will, in the near future, play a crucial role in advanced treatments and patient-specific therapies for human diseases such as RA.

关键词： nanoparticles liposomes dendrimers rheumatoid arthritis