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A test of the species confidence hypothesis in dusky damselfish

Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 79-86页

作者： Elle Overs Sydney Stump isabel severino Daniel T.Blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Visual cues are important in both interspecific and intraspecific *** species confidence hypothesis proposes that animals are more attracted to conspecific colors and repelled by colors,not on their *** on terrestrial lizards and birds have tested the species confidence hypothesis and shown that conspecific colors elicit reduced antipredator *** date,the species confidence hypothesis has not been tested in the marine environment,specifically on coral reefs where color communication is of vital *** addressed this knowledge gap by measuring flight initiation distance(the distance an individual moves away from an approaching threat)in dusky damselfish(Stegastes nigricans)in response to an approaching disc of 1 of 4 different color treatments:conspecific,blue,yellow,and *** the species confidence hypothesis explained variation in damselfish flight initiation distance,then we expected individuals to tolerate closer approaches when approached by a conspecific *** addition,we calculated the color difference between each stimulus and its corresponding back-ground as a potential alternative explanation for flight *** tolerated the closest approach from the conspecific color stimulus;there were no significant differences between other colors and there was no support for the alternative color difference *** with similar terrestrial studies,these results are relevant to ecotourists'choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors because color choice may modify naturalantipredatorbehavior.

关键词： antipredator behavior flight initiation distance risk assessment species confidence hypothesis Stegastes nigricans

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Pathological Manifestations on Concrete Bridges at Recife＇s Metropolitan Area

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2015年第9期9卷 1060-1068页

作者： Eudes de Arimatéa Rocha Felipe José Salomao de Albuquerque Melo severino Virgilio Silva Eliana Cristina Barreto Monteiro Rafaella Gatis Galvao Department of Civil Engineering University of Pernambuco Recife 50720 001 Brazil Department of Civil Engineering Catholic University of Pernambuco Recife 50050 900 Brazil

Bridges are structures being used to cross rivers, lakes or any other obstacles which involve water. These instruments are commonly used in cities like Recife, which consists of several islands. However, it is common in this city to observe the fast deterioration of these structures that have been built for decades and are subjected to structural recoveries only when they present a possible imminent collapse. The maintenance of these constructions, often used as tourist spots, is essential because of the economic importance, while these structures are responsible for transporting people and cargo, and also play a key role in the city＇s roads. This paper aims to present and assess the conservation status of these bridges through the study of possible pathologies found at Princesa isabel Bridge, Government Agamenon Bridge, Ponte Giratória Bridge and Paulo Guerra Bridge. The methodology for its inspection will be prescribed by ABNT NBR-9452/86, which provides for ＂Surveys of Concrete Bridges/Viaducts＂. After analysis, it was found that most bridges problems were caused by the presence of moisture that accumulates in bridges due to the absence or malfunction of drainage systems.

关键词： Bridge maintenance pathological manifestations.

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