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Sexual function in women after delivery:Does episiotomy matter?

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Health 2014年第5期6卷 356-363页

作者： isabel leal Sílvia Lourenco Raquel Oliveira Ana Carvalheira Joao Maroco Unidade de Investigacao em Psicologia e Saúde(UIPES) LisboaPortugal ISPA Instituto UniversitárioLisboaPortugal

Objective: Despite the fact that a restrictive use of episiotomy has proven to be beneficial, it continues to be widely used in vaginal births. Our aim was to compare women with episiotomy, to women with an intact perineum, 3 months after delivery, regarding several sexual variables, namely: sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, pain, sexual satisfaction and sexual function. Methods: An exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study using a non-probabilistic, convenience sample of 147 Portuguese women, of which 54 belonged to a control group, was performed. The groups were not significantly different regarding socio-demographic aspects. Three instruments were used: the Female Sexual Function Index, a Socio-demographic and Clinical Questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Questionnaire. Results: Most women mentioned a moderate level of sexual interest. Women with episiotomy present higher pain intensity, less sexual satisfaction, greater changes regarding the orgasm’s duration and intensity, lower levels of sexual arousal and total sexual function, than women with intact perineum. Discussion: We found no significant differences between women with episiotomy and women with an intact perineum in most variables. However, women with episiotomy presented higher levels of pain and a lower sexual satisfaction, being these significant differences.

关键词： Episiotomy Episiorrhaphy Intact Perineum Sexual Function Post-Partum

Phase-driven progress in nanophotonic biosensing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 798-800页

作者： isabel Barth Hakho Lee Center for Systems Biology Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA

In the continuous pursuit of enhancing the sensitivity of nanophotonic biosensors by leveraging phase phenomena,a recent development involved the engineering of an atomically thin Ge2Sb2Te5 layer on a silver nanofilm ... 详细信息

关键词： silver Ge2Sb2Te5 pursuit

Evaluation of the efficiency of urban solid waste management in Brazil by data envelopment analysis and possible variables of influence

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 283-295页

作者： isabel das Merces Costa Marta Ferreira Dias Margarita Robaina GOvCOPP-Research Unit on Governance Competitiveness and Public Policies and Analyst of UniversidadeEstadual de Feira de SantanaUniversidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal GOvCOPP-Research Unit on Governance Competitiveness and Public PoliciesDEGEIT-Department of EconomicsManagementIndustrial Engineering and TourismUniversidade de AveiroAveiroPortugal

This article has the general objective of estimating the efficiency of urban solid waste management in 940 Brazilian munici-palities through Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)technique and has specific objectives:(i)to estimate efficiency scores;(ii)to compare the performance between different groups of municipalities;and(ii)to analyze the profile of efficient munici-palities from the perspective of the guidelines of Law 12,305/2010 and socio-economic and environmental *** technique used was DEA with output-oriented and variable scale to return *** results showed higher efficiency scores in the municipalities with populations above 500,000 *** score variation ranged from 0.5(municipalities with populations<10,000 inhabitants)to 0.9(municipalities with more than 500,000 inhabitants).Of the sample set,only 12.34%of the municipalities were considered efficient,and when analyzing the efficient group,it was found that adherence to legislation was not a major factor in achieving efficiency.

关键词： Urban solid waste management Data envelopment analysis Efficiency Brazil Municipalities

A test of the species confidence hypothesis in dusky damselfish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 79-86页

作者： Elle Overs Sydney Stump isabel Severino Daniel T.Blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Visual cues are important in both interspecific and intraspecific *** species confidence hypothesis proposes that animals are more attracted to conspecific colors and repelled by colors,not on their *** on terrestrial lizards and birds have tested the species confidence hypothesis and shown that conspecific colors elicit reduced antipredator *** date,the species confidence hypothesis has not been tested in the marine environment,specifically on coral reefs where color communication is of vital *** addressed this knowledge gap by measuring flight initiation distance(the distance an individual moves away from an approaching threat)in dusky damselfish(Stegastes nigricans)in response to an approaching disc of 1 of 4 different color treatments:conspecific,blue,yellow,and *** the species confidence hypothesis explained variation in damselfish flight initiation distance,then we expected individuals to tolerate closer approaches when approached by a conspecific *** addition,we calculated the color difference between each stimulus and its corresponding back-ground as a potential alternative explanation for flight *** tolerated the closest approach from the conspecific color stimulus;there were no significant differences between other colors and there was no support for the alternative color difference *** with similar terrestrial studies,these results are relevant to ecotourists'choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors because color choice may modify naturalantipredatorbehavior.

关键词： antipredator behavior flight initiation distance risk assessment species confidence hypothesis Stegastes nigricans

Remediation of amide pesticide-polluted soils by combined solarization and ozonation treatment

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 641-651页

作者： isabel GARRIDO Carmen MMARTINEZ Pilar FLORES Pilar HELLIN Fulgencio CONTRERAS Jose FENOLL Department of Sustainability and Quality Group of Fruit and Vegetable Products Instituto Murciano de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario y MedioambientalLa Alberca 30150(Spain)

Agriculture has a close relationship with nature,but it can also be the source of negative and permanent environmental *** use of pesticides in modern agriculture is a common practice,but their side effects on the environment cannot be *** this study,we evaluated a combination of solarization and ozonation techniques for the elimination of six amide pesticides(boscalid,chlorantraniliprole,cyflufenamid,fluopyram,napropamide,and propyzamide)in *** experiments were performed with four different soils to assess the efficiency of this methodology at different soil temperatures and ozone dosages under laboratory conditions,and then a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions during *** days after the onset of the experiments,higher degradation percentages of amide pesticides were observed in ozonized soils than in other treated soils,particularly when ozone was applied at 10 cm soil *** results show that the utilization of ozonation,along with solarization,represents a valid method for degrading residues of the studied pesticides and suggest that this combined technology may be a promising tool for remediating pesticide-polluted soils.

关键词： intermediate ozone pesticide degradation pesticide residue polyethylene film remediation technique

Global black soil distribution

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 271-281页

作者： Yuxin TONG Marcos E.ANGELINI Yusuf YIGINI isabel LUOTTO Global Soil Partnership Land and Water DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsRome 00153Italy

Black soils, characterized by their thick, dark horizons enriched with organic matter, epitomize highly fertile soils. However, their fertility precipitates intense land use, engendering challenges such as soil erosion, nutrient depletion, pollution, compaction, salinization, and acidification. Notably, these soils are significant contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to substantial losses in soil organic carbon. Despite these challenges, black soils are pivotal for global food production. This paper delineates the implementation of digital soil mapping for the global cartography of black soils and human interference on these soils. Predominantly distributed in Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern Asia, and North and South America, black soils cover an approximate area of 725 Mha, with the Russian Federation,Kazakhstan, and China collectively have over half of this area. Agriculturally,these soils underpin significant proportions of global crop yields, producing 66% of sunflower, 30% of wheat, and 26% of potato outputs. The organic carbon content in the upper 30 cm of these soils is estimated at 56 *** management of black soils is imperative for ensuring food security and addressing climate change on a global scale.

关键词： Black soils distribution map food security soil organic carbon

Two intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites, deoxycholic acid and butyrate, synergize to enhance host defense peptide synthesis and alleviate necrotic enteritis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1158-1172页

作者： Dohyung M.Kim Jing Liu Melanie A.Whitmore isabel Tobin Zijun Zhao Guolong Zhang Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA

Background Necrotic enteritis(NE)is a major enteric disease in poultry,yet effective mitigation strategies remain *** acid(DCA)and butyrate,two major metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota,have independently been shown to induce host defense peptide(HDP)***,the potential synergy between these two compounds remains *** To investigate the possible synergistic effect between DCA and butyrate in regulating HDP synthesis and barrier function,we treated chicken HD11 macrophage cells and jejunal explants with DCA and sodium butyrate(NaB),either individually or in combination,for 24 ***,we performed RNA isolation and reverse transcrip-tion-quantitative PCR to analyze HDP genes as well as the major genes associated with barrier *** further determine the synergy between DCA and NaB in enhancing NE resistance,we conducted two independent trials with Cobb broiler *** each trial,the diet was supplemented with DCA or NaB on the day-of-hatch,followed by NE induction through sequential challenges with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens on d 10 and 14,*** recorded animal mortality after infection and assessed intestinal lesions on d *** impact of DCA and NaB on the microbiota in the ileum and cecum was evaluated through bacterial 16S rRNA gene *** We found that the combination of DCA and NaB synergistically induced multiple HDP genes in both chicken HD11 cells and jejunal ***,the gene for claudin-1,a major tight junction protein,also exhibited synergistic induction in response to DCA and ***,dietary supplementation with a combination of 0.75 g/kg DCA and 1 g/kg NaB led to a significant improvement in animal survival and a reduction in intestinal lesions compared to either compound alone in a chicken model of ***,the cecal microbiota of NE-infected chickens showed a marked decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria such as Bacteroides,F

关键词： Bile acids Host defense peptides Metabolites Microbiome Necrotic enteritis Short-chain fatty acids

Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： isabel Signes-Soler Alfred Ragot Sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa Raúl Montalbán Llamusí Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain NGO Vision Without Borders(Visio Sense Fronteres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya Clinica Baviera Alicante C/Ausóy Monzó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community ***:The study was *** 3343 participants were included in the *** initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D *** inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVA<0.6 decimal(0.20 logMAR)and/or a VA with+2.00 D≥0.8 decimal(0.96 logMAR).RESULTS:The sample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to *** the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the Luhya group(60.6%)followed by Luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye *** estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total *** around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 *** astigmatism(cil<-0.75 D)was found in 0.21%(7/3343)of the *** VI prevalence was 1.26%of the total *** our cases of VI,76.2%could be attributed to uncorrected refractive *** was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened *** was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive ***:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error *** findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual impairment refractive errors myopia amblyopia sustainable development goals

High-resolution multi-scale air pollution system:Evaluation of modelling performance and emission control strategies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 65-81页

作者： Diogo Lopes Joana Ferreira Sandra Rafael Ka In Hoi Xin Li Yuan Liu Ka-Veng Yuen Kai Meng Mok Ana isabel Miranda Department of Environment and Planning&CESAM University of AveiroAveiroPortugal Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacao SARChina

A high percentage of the world's population lives in areas where air pollutant concentrations exceed the World Health Organization *** work aims to develop and test,a high-resolution multi-scale air pollution modelling system by integrating a set of adequate *** system is able to provide detailed air pollutant concentrations in urban areas and support air quality management strategies through a better identification of different atmospheric *** also allows furthering the design and assessment of air pollution control measures for a specific *** evaluate its performance and suitability,the system was applied to the Macao Special Administrative Region(SAR),China,one of the most densely populated areas on earth,during a winter period when this area is affected by high levels of Particulate Matter(PM).Although the developed system tends to underestimate the PM concentrations,it revealed a good performance in reproducing the temporal and spatial air pollution *** exceedances of the Chinese air quality standards were calculated and high population exposure to PM pollution was *** tested urban atmospheric emission reduction scenarios have shown air quality improvements,indicating that emission reduction measures at urban level should focus on the domestic ***,it is crucial to implement joint pollution prevention strategies with neighbouring regions to improve the air quality in Macao *** approach developed in this work can support policymakers in defining new strategies to reduce atmospheric pollution in urban areas.

关键词： Urban areas High-resolution emission inventory Particulate matter Population exposure