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Developments and characteristics of craft beer production processes

Food Bioscience 2022年第1期45卷 232-248页

作者： Salvador Villacreces Carlos A.Blanco isabel caballero Dpto de Ingeniería Agrícola Forestal ETS de Ingenierías AgrariasUniversidad de Valladolid34004Palencia.Spain

Beer is a popular drink and represents the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the *** recent years,there has been a significant growth of independent craft breweries,even in countries without a brewing tradition.A craft brewery is usually defined as a small,independent and traditional ***,consumers are looking for genuine,singular,different and high-quality *** beer manufacturers have responded to this with the introduction of a novel combination of raw or malted cereals and have modified the beer flavours and taste with the addition of fruit,spices,*** work presents an analysis of the different aspects related to craft *** characteristics and brewing singularities are *** quality and safety standards used are examined and future trends of craft beer are also discussed.

关键词： Craft beer Ingredients Craft beer quality By-products Microbiological safety

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Immune challenge of mating effort:steroid hormone profile,dark ventral patch and parasite burden in relation to intrasexual competition in male Iberian red deer

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 262-275页

作者： Eva DE LA PEÑA JoséMARTÍN isabel BARJA Raúl PÉREZ-caballero isabel ACOSTA Juan CARRANZA Wildlife Research Unit University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences(Spanish Research CouncilCSIC)MadridSpain Department of Biology Zoology UnitAutonomous University of MadridMadridSpain Biodiversity and Global Change Research Centre Autonomous University of MadridMadridSpain Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases Unit Animal Health DepartmentUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA

Testosterone secretion may regulate the reproductive effort and the development of sexual traits,but it may also involve costs at the immunological and metabolic ***,the evidence for this trade-off in wild populations is *** also plays an important role in mediating the reproductive and immune *** this study,we analyzed whether the endoparasite burden relates to hormonal levels(fecal testosterone and cortisol metabolites)and/or morphological sexual traits(size of the dark ventral patch,a trait that indicates reproductive effort in males)in male Iberian red *** this purpose,we sampled male red deer harvested during hunting actions in 2 types of populations in south western Spain that differed in structure,affecting the level of male–male competition for *** used coprological analyses to estimate the parasite burden mainly of gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary nematodes and of protozoa,and assessed testosterone and cortisol metabolite levels from fecal *** found a positive relationship of host parasitation with both testosterone levels and the size of the dark ventral patch,but these relationships depended on the intensity of male–male competition in the population,being only found under the high-competition *** results are discussed under the hypothesis of the testosterone immunocompetence handicap,suggesting a cost at the immunological level,and,therefore,higher susceptibility to parasite infection in males that make a greater reproductive ***,this effect seems to be modulated by the social environment(male–male competition)that might lead to different optima in testosterone production and sexual trait development.

关键词： dark ventral patch fecal testosterone metabolites intrasexual competition male Iberian red deer parasite burden

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Hematotesticular barrier is altered from early stages of liver cirrhosis:Effect of insulin-like growth factor 1

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第17期10卷 2529-2534页

作者： Inma Castilla-Cortázar Nieves Diez María García-Fernández Juan Enrique Puche Fernando Diez-caballero Jorge Quiroga Matías Díaz-Sánchez Alberto Castilla Amelia Díaz Casares isabel Varela-Nieto Jesǘs Prieto Salvador González-Barón Department of Human Physiology University of NavarraPamplonaNavarraSpain Department of Human physiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of MlagaMalagaSpain Department of Human Physiology University of NavarraPamplonaNavarraSpain Department of Human Physiology School of MedicineUniversity of MálagaMalagaSpain Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM)MadridSpain Supported by the Spanish Program I+DSAF 99/0072 and SAF 2001/1672 Department of Internal Medicine Hospital SierrallanaTollelavega and School of MedicineUniversity of the Basque Country-Vitoria-GasteizSpain Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas"Alberto Sols"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Universidad Autonoma de Madrid(CSIC-UAM) MadridSpain Department of Internal Medicine Liver Unit University of Navarra PamplonaNavarraSpain

AIM:The pathogenesis of hypogonadism in liver cirrhosis is not well *** results from our laboratory showed that IGF-1 deficiency might play a pathogenetic role in hypogonadism of *** administration of IGF-1 for a short period of time reverted the testicular atrophy associated with advanced experimental cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to establish the historical progression of the described alterations in the testes, explore testicular morphology,histopathology,cellular proliferation,integrity of testicular barrier and hypophyso- gonadal axis in rats with no ascitic cirrhosis. METHODS:Male Wistar rats with histologically-proven cirrhosis induced with carbon tetrachloride(CCI_4)for 11 wk, were allocated into two groups(n=12,each)to receive recombinant IGF-1(2 μg/100 gd,sc)for two weeks or *** rats receiving vehicle were used as control group(n=12). RESULTS:Compared to controls,rats with compensated cirrhosis showed a normal testicular size and weight and very few histopathological testicular abnormalities. However,these animals showed a significant diminution of cellular proliferation and a reduction of testicular transferrin *** addition,pituitary-gonadal axis was altered,with significant higher levels of FSH(P<0.001 vscontrols)and increased levels of LH in untreated cirrhotic ***,IGF-1 treatment normalized testicular transferrin expression and cellular proliferation and reduced serum levels of LH(P=ns vs controls,and P<0.01 vs untreated cirrhotic group). CONCLUSION:The testicular barrier is altered from an early stage of cirrhosis,shown by a reduction of transferrin expression in Sertoli cells,a diminished cellular proliferation and an altered gonadal *** treatment with IGF-1 could be also useful in this initial stage of testicular disorder associated with compensated cirrhosis.

关键词： Animals Atrophy Carbon Tetrachloride Estrogens Follicle Stimulating Hormone Hypogonadism Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Liver Cirrhosis Luteinizing Hormone Male Pituitary Gland Rats Rats, Wistar Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Sertoli Cells Testis Testosterone Transferrin

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Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第9期18卷 2128-2139页

作者： Alberto Pérez-Gómez Joana Vitallé Carmen Gasca-Capote Alicia Gutierrez-Valencia María Trujillo-Rodriguez Ana Serna-Gallego Esperanza Muñoz-Muela María de los Reyes Jiménez-Leon Mohamed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia Inmaculada Rivas-Jeremias Cesar Sotomayor Cristina Roca-Oporto Nuria Espinosa Carmen Infante-Domínguez Juan Carlos Crespo-Rivas Alberto Fernández-Villar Alexandre Pérez-González Luis Fernando López-Cortés Eva Poveda Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos JoséMiguel Cisneros Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre Judith Berastegui-Cabrera Pedro Camacho-Martínez Carmen Infante-Domínguez Marta Carretero-Ledesma Juan Carlos Crespo-Rivas Eduardo Márquez JoséManuel Lomas Claudio Bueno Rosario Amaya JoséAntonio Lepe Jerónimo Pachón Elisa Cordero Javier Sánchez-Céspedes Manuela Aguilar-Guisado Almudena Aguilera Clara Aguilera Teresa Aldabo-Pallas Verónica Alfaro-Lara Cristina Amodeo Javier Ampuero María Dolores Avilés Maribel Asensio Bosco Barón-Franco Lydia Barrera-Pulido Rafael Bellido-Alba Máximo Bernabeu-Wittel Candela caballero-Eraso Macarena Cabrera Enrique Calderón Jesús Carbajal-Guerrero Manuela Cid-Cumplido Yael Corcia-Palomo Juan Delgado Antonio Domínguez-Petit Alejandro Deniz Reginal Dusseck-Brutus Ana Escoresca-Ortega Fátima Espinosa Nuria Espinosa Michelle Espinoza Carmen Ferrándiz-Millón Marta Ferrer Teresa Ferrer Ignacio Gallego-Texeira Rosa Gámez-Mancera Emilio García Horacio García-Delgado Manuel García-Gutiérrez María Luisa Gascón-Castillo Aurora González-Estrada Demetrio González Carmen Gómez-González Rocío González-León Carmen Grande-Cabrerizo Sonia Gutiérrez Carlos Hernández-Quiles Inmaculada Concepción Herrera-Melero Marta Herrero-Romero Luis Jara Carlos Jiménez-Juan Silvia Jiménez-Jorge Mercedes Jiménez-Sánchez Julia Lanseros-Tenllado Carmina López isabel López Álvaro López-Barrios Luis F.López-Cortés Rafael Luque-Márquez Daniel Macías-García Guillermo Martín-Gutiérrez Luis Martín-Villén JoséMolina Aurora Morillo María Dolores Navarro-Amuedo Dolores Nieto-Martín Francisco Ortega María Paniagua-García Amelia Peña-Rodríguez E Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases Microbiology and Preventive MedicineInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville(IBiS)Virgen del Rocío University HospitalCSICUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain Department of Medical Biochemistry Molecular Biologyand ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain Pneumology Service Galicia Sur Health Research Instituto(IIS Galicia Sur)SERGAS-UVigoVigoSpain Infectious Diseases Unit Department of Internal MedicineComplexo HospitalarioUniversitario de VigoIIS Galicia SurSERGAS-UVigoVigoSpain Group of Virology and Pathogenesis Galicia Sur Health Research Institute(IIS Galicia Sur)-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de VigoSERGAS-UVigoVigoSpain Unit of Infectious Diseases Microbiologyand Preventive MedicineVirgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Institute of Biomedicine of Seville(IBiS) Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of SevilleSevilleSpain Medico-Surgical Unit of Respiratory Diseases Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Unit of Emergencies Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Intensive Care Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Department of Medicine University of SevilleSevilleSpain Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Rheumatology Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Internal Medicine Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Digestive and Hepatobiliary Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Urology and Nephrology Unit Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain Unit of Clinical Investigation and Clinical Trials Virgen del Rocío University HospitalSevilleSpain

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity *** cells(DCs)play a key role in the defense against viral infections,for instance plasmacytoid DCs(pDCs),have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha(IFN-α).In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-αproduction,which has been associated with disease *** this work,we described that in addition to the DC deficiency,several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients,which were associated with multiple inflammatory ***,previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 ***,the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients,while no restoration of integrinβ7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase(IDO)levels were *** findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Dendritic cell Long-COVID

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