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Spatial risk assessment of opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan: integrating environmental and socio-economic drivers

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第7期10卷 719-736页

作者： Stefan Kienberger Raphael Spiekermann Dirk Tiede irmgard zeiler Coen Bussink Department of Geoinformatics–Z_GIS University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria Landcare Research Manawatu Mail CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand Research and Trend Analysis Branch United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODC)ViennaAustria

Recently the cultivation of opium poppy in Afghanistan reached unprecedented *** is agreed that the complex and coupled interactions of social,economic and environmental drivers are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of opium poppy cultivation in *** this context,we present an integrated risk concept,which considers environmental and socio-economic drivers of opium poppy cultivation.A set of spatially explicit indicators for the environmental suitability and socio-economic vulnerability was established and populated from a variety of ***,novel methods of modelling homogeneous and spatially explicit regions of opium poppy cultivation suitability,socio-economic vulnerability and risk are developed and *** risk assessment results demonstrate the complex nature of the illicit crops production in Afghanistan and prompt a more profound examination of the drivers of opium poppy cultivation in a spatial *** study also confirms what has already been widely discussed in literature:that reasons for cultivation are spatially diverse and often distinct,meaning that any formulation of generalized explanations cannot be drawn without ignoring a more complex ***,an integrative spatial view of risk,which integrates the social dimension as well as environmental parameters,is required to better identify context-specific intervention measures.

关键词： Opium poppy risk social and environmental determinants integrated modelling policy support regionalization integrated geons

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Crystal-to-crystal transformation from the triclinic to the cubic crystal system by partial desolvation

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 433-439页

作者： Qianqian Guo irmgard Kalf Ulli Englert Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Diffusion reaction of the labile building block Mg（acacCN）2 （acacCN= 3-cyanoacetylacetonate） with silver salts leads to a series of solvated Mg/Ag bimetallic coordination polymers with composition [Mg（acacCN）aAg].solvent. Despite their common stoichiometry, the topology of these polymers depends on the solvent of crystallization. The two-dimensional coordination compound [Mg（acacCN）aAg]-4CHCl3 in space group P]- is obtained as platelet-shaped crystals from a mixture of methanol and chloroform. When kept in the reaction mixture, these thin plates within one week convert to isometric tetrahedral crystals of the 3D network [Mg（acacCN）3Ag]. 2CHC13 in the cubic space group/9213. The transformation reaction proceeds via dissolution and recrystallization. The co-crystallized solvent molecules play an important role for stabilizing the target structure： They subtend Cl...Cl contacts and interact via non- classical C-H.-. O hydrogen bonds with the coordination framework. In the new cubic coordination network, both Mg（II） and Ag（I） adopt octahedral coordination, with unprecedented face-sharing by bridging O atoms of three acetylacetonato moieties. Prolonged standing of [Mg（acacCN）3Ag]-2CHCl3 in the reaction medium leads to further degradation, under formation of [Ag（acacCN）].

关键词： ditopic ligand substituted acetylacetone desolvation diffraction

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Small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第8期12卷 1317-1320页

作者： irmgard E Kronberger Ivo W Graziadei Wolfgang Vogel Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical University InnsbruckAustria

Small bowel adenocarcinomas are remarkable for their rarity, difficult diagnosis and poor prognosis. Here we report an unusual case of a 33-year-old patient in whom infiltrative adenocarcinoma of the small bowel was diagnosed after a 10-year history of Crohn＇s disease. In most previously reported cases, detection of Crohn＇s disease was subsequent tothat of carcinoma of the small bowel or the patients involved had an even longer history of the disease. Our literature review suggests that the risk of small bowel adenocarcinoma is higher in patients with Crohn＇s disease than in the overall population. We present details on epidemiology as well as clinical and diagnostic aspects of this rare disease entity.

关键词： Crohn's disease Small bowel adenocarcinoma Case report

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Analysis of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in experimental liver cirrhosis suggests phosphodiesterase-5 as potential target to treat portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第38期24卷 4356-4368页

作者： Denise Schaffner Adhara Lazaro Peter Deibert Peter Hasselblatt Patrick Stoll Lisa Fauth Manfred W Baumstark irmgard Merfort Annette Schmitt-Graeff Wolfgang Kreisel Institute for Exercise-und Occupational Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany Department of Medicine II GastroenterologyHepatologyEndocrinologyand Infectious DiseasesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany Anaesthesiological Practice Freiburg 79104Germany Institute of Clinical Pathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology University of FreiburgFreiburg 79104Germany

AIM To investigate the potential effect of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE-5) for therapy of portal hypertension in liver *** In the rat model of thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate(NO-cGMP) pathway was investigated. Expression and localization of PDE-5, the enzyme that converts vasodilating cGMP into inactive 5'-GMP, was in the focus of the study. Hepatic gene expression of key components of the NO-cGMP pathway was determined by qRT-PCR: Endothelial NO synthase(eNOS), inducible NO synthase(iNOS), soluble guanylate cyclase subunits α1 and β1(sGCa1, sGCb1), and PDE-5. Hepatic PDE-5 protein expression and localization were detected by immunohistochemistry. Serum cGMP concentrations were measured using ELISA. Acute effects of the PDE-5 inhibitor Sildenafil(0.1 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg) on portal and systemic hemodynamics were investigated using pressure *** Hepatic gene expression of eNOS(2.2-fold; P = 0.003), sGCa1(1.7-fold; P = 0.003), sGCb1(3.0-fold; P = 0.003), and PDE-5(11-fold; P = 0.003) was increased in cirrhotic livers compared to healthy livers. Overexpression of PDE-5(7.7-fold; P = 0.006) was less pronounced in fibrotic livers. iNOS expression was only detected in fibrotic and cirrhotic livers. In healthy liver, PDE-5 protein was localized primarily in zone 3 hepatocytes and to a lesser extent in perisinusoidal cells. This zonation was disturbed in cirrhosis: PDE-5 protein expression in perisinusoidal cells was induced approximately 8-fold. In addition, PDE-5-expressing cells were also found in fibrous septa. Serum cGMP concentrations were reduced in rats with cirrhotic livers by approximately 40%. Inhibition of PDE-5 by Sildenafil caused a significant increase in serum cGMP concentrations [+ 64% in healthy rats(P = 0.024), + 85% in cirrhotic rats(P = 0.018)]. Concomitantly, the portal venous pressure was reduced by 19% in rats with liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSION Overexpres

关键词： Portal hypertension Thioacetamide Nitric oxide Liver cirrhosis Cyclic guanosine monophosphate Phosphodiesterase-5 Sildenafil Hepatic stellate cells Metabolic zonation

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Acupotomy versus sodium hyaluronate for treatment of knee osteoarthritis in rabbits

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2017年第3期37卷 404-411页

作者： Ding Yu Yuan Xueling Wang Yongcheng Wang Aiyuan Shi Xian Wang Lu Daniela Litscher Ingrid Gaischek irmgard Th.Lippe Gerhard Litscher Department of Acupuncture&Moxibustion People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China Instituteof Orthopedics People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijing 100853China Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicineand Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center GrazMedical University of Graz8036 GrazAustria Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Graz8036 GrazAustria

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible advantages of acupotomy over sodium hyaluronate injection for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).METHODS: Twenty rabbits were divided randomly into four groups(n = 5 in each): a control group,model group, acupotomy group, and sodium hyaluronate injection group. The model, acupotomy,and sodium hyaluronate groups underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection plus partial medial meniscectomy. Sodium hyaluronate injection and acupotomy were administered to the respective groups from weeks 5 to 8, and samples of the tibial plateau and medial condyle of the femur were collected in week 9. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression was assessed in cartilage and subchondral bone by immunohistochemical ***: Articular cartilage degeneration was less pronounced in the acupotomy compared with the model and sodium hyaluronate groups. VEGF expression levels in cartilage and subchondral bone were increased in the model group compared with the control group(P < 0.01), and acupotomy had a more pronounced therapeutic effect than sodium hyaluronate injection(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Acupotomy and sodium hyaluronate injection may both reduce degeneration in the cartilage and subchondral bone in KOA based on the results from a rabbit model, but acupotomy improved the histopathology and reduced the VEGF content more effectively than sodium hyaluronate injection, probably by reducing venous stasis and intraosseous pressure. Acupotomy may improve KOA by lowering VEGF.

关键词： Osteoarthritis, knee Acupuncture appa-ratus Hyaluronic acid Vascular endothelial growthfactors Venous stasis Cartilage degeneration

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Charge-assisted Halogen Bonds in Halogen-substituted Pyridinium Salts from experimental Electron Density

Charge-assisted Halogen Bonds in Halogen-substituted Pyridin...

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中国晶体学会第六届学术年会暨会员代表大会（功能分子晶体分会）

作者： Ai Wang Ruimin Wang irmgard Kalf Ulli Englert Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University

The understanding of intermolecular interaction in the context of crystal packing and utilization of this understanding in the design of new material with desired physical and chemical properties are the flourishing fields in last decades.[1]In this work,the packing of three halogen-substituted pyridinium salts with chloride or tetrachloridometallate counteranions is

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Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections in Katavi Rukwa Ecosystems

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第3期4卷 215-223页

作者： Zachariah Ephraim Makondo Rudovick Reuben Kazwala Richard Simon Mwakapuja Joseph Malakalinga irmgard Moser Manfred Tanner Department of Microbiology Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency Dar Es Salaam 15102 Tanzania Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoro 67101 Tanzania Friedrich-Loeffler-lnstitute Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis Jena 07743 Germany

A study on nontuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） was carried out in wildlife-livestock interface of Katavi Rukwa ecosystem （KRE）. 328 livestock tissues and 178 wild animals were cultured, wild animals were sampled opportunistically during professional hunting and game cropping operations in the KRE protected areas. The objective of the study was to generate data on epidemiology of NTM in the wildlife-livestock interface of the KRE. Methods used to identify the NTM were： culture and isolation, polymerase chain reaction, protein heat shock 65 kilodalton （hsp65） and sequencing. Mycobacteria were detected on 25.9% and 11.9% of livestock and wildlife tissue cultures, respectively. The most NTM isolated were M. kansasii （30%）, M. gastri （30%）, M. fortuitum （1%）, M. intracellulare （4%）, M. indicuspranii （4%）, M. nonchromogenicum （6%） and M. lentiflavum （6%）. Other NTM in smaller percentages were M. hibernae, M. engbaekii, M. septicum, M. arupense and 34.. godii. Due to rise of NTM infection in both human and animals, it is recommended that awareness and laboratory facilities be improved to curb the underreporting especially in TB-endemic countries. For species specific identification, a network of national and regional laboratories is promoted.

关键词： Mycobacteria polymcrase chain reaction protein heat shock and sequencing.

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论维生素营养剂改善繁殖能力

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广东奶业 2009年第3期 20-25页

作者： Robert Elliott irmgard Immig 帝斯曼营养产品澳大利亚有限公司帝斯曼营养产品瑞士有限公司

在整个亚洲地区．奶业发展体系正使用基因改良的奶牛配以高水平的集中饲养方式，以实现生产目标。但是，除了少数例外因素，该地区影响母牛繁殖能力的主要因素是缺乏优质粗饲料。产犊后，母牛的食量由于生理原因受到约束，同时饲料中可... 详细信息

在整个亚洲地区．奶业发展体系正使用基因改良的奶牛配以高水平的集中饲养方式，以实现生产目标。但是，除了少数例外因素，该地区影响母牛繁殖能力的主要因素是缺乏优质粗饲料。产犊后，母牛的食量由于生理原因受到约束，同时饲料中可发酵能源的添加也受到限制。在母牛围产期及泌乳早期（当然该时期也是再配种期），我们制定了一系列可显著改善繁殖和受孕能力的营养管理策略，来降低高产引起的代谢紊乱的风险。

关键词：繁殖能力营养剂维生素营养管理策略饲养方式基因改良亚洲地区生理原因

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青少年问题治疗的困难和机遇

青少年问题治疗的困难和机遇

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第四届泛亚太地区心理卫生学术研讨会

作者： irmgard Dettbarn

＜正＞青春期是青少年迈向成年期的一个过渡阶段,对个体的心理发育非常重要。后青春期和成年早期往往作为同义词使用（都是指18～25岁）。作为一个过渡时期,有关青少年的描述很多,向回看,对已逝的童年时期和青春期有些许遗憾和感伤,向...

＜正＞青春期是青少年迈向成年期的一个过渡阶段,对个体的心理发育非常重要。后青春期和成年早期往往作为同义词使用（都是指18～25岁）。作为一个过渡时期,有关青少年的描述很多,向回看,对已逝的童年时期和青春期有些许遗憾和感伤,向前看,成年的时光尚无法企及。Blos相信个体特征性精神结构的整合是在后青春期;Laufer和Isay指出,在这一时期,最后的性别确认和自我性别形象的一致很重要;Escoll描述了达到这种一致的困

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移液器以轻便为佳良好的工效学设计减少了移液操作中的伤痛风险

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实验与分析 2012年第2期 44-45页

作者： Nina Nevala Erja Sormunen irmgard Sominen 芬兰职业健康研究所赛默飞世尔科技有限公司

手动移液是实验室工作中经常进行的作业，为使实验室工作人员轻松完成日以千计的移液工作，除了移液器必须满足工效学和器械上的特定要求外，操作者的工作环境也很重要。本文基于对移液器使用满意度的调查，为减少重复性移液工作对操作... 详细信息

手动移液是实验室工作中经常进行的作业，为使实验室工作人员轻松完成日以千计的移液工作，除了移液器必须满足工效学和器械上的特定要求外，操作者的工作环境也很重要。本文基于对移液器使用满意度的调查，为减少重复性移液工作对操作者带来的伤痛困扰提供了一些参考。

关键词：移液器操作者工效学实验室工作轻便风险设计工作人员

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