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Obstetrical and Perinatal Outcomes of Teenage Pregnant Women Attending a Secondary Hospital in Hyderabad

作者： Rahil irfan ahmed Guohao Zhao Department of Business Administration Shanxi University of Finance and Economics

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of return linkages and volatility spillovers between Asian emerging stock markets. The findings revealed that the own lagged volatility spillovers are statistically significant in all cases. Our findings also show that the asymmetric volatility spillovers are significant in all sampled stock markets except China. We find unidirectional volatility spillovers from the markets of China towards Malaysia, South Korea and Japan, from China’s Hong Kong towards South Korea, from Pakistan towards Japan and South Korea. Moreover, the volatility spillovers of most of the stock markets are significant and bidirectional. Therefore, these markets are interrelated, and the spillover effect should be taken into consideration by policymakers, fund managers and investors.

关键词： asymmetric volatility EGARCH emerging markets spillover

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第5期7卷 503-510页

作者： Sana Zahiruddin Pushpa Chetandas Sheikh irfan ahmed Raheela Baloch Obstetrics and Gynecology Aga Khan University Karachi Pakistan

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in teenage pregnancies at secondary hospital Hyderabad. Methods: Retrospective record review was conducted between January 2012 to January 2016. Total No. of deliveries was 15,395 out of which No. of teenage was 452. Results: Rate of teenage pregnancy in our hospital during study period was 2.93%. Majority of women were uneducated. Teenage mother more likely to develop pregnancy induced hypertension 19.5%, frequency of mild, moderate, and severe anemia were reported to be 69.9%, 28.8% and 1.3% respectively. Conclusion: Fetal and neonatal outcome was not adversely affected. Teenage pregnancy outcome can be achieved favorable with good antenatal care.

关键词： Teenage Pregnancy Maternal and Fetal Outcome

Formal Methods for Commercial Applications Issues vs. Solutions

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第8期7卷 679-685页

作者： Saiqa Bibi Saira Mazhar Nasir Mehmood Minhas irfan ahmed UIIT-PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan

It was advocated that in 21st century, most of software will be developed with benefits of formal methods. The benefits include faults found in earlier stage of software development, automating, checking the certain properties and minimizing rework. In spite of their recognition in academic world and these claimed advantages, formal methods are still not widely used by commercial software industry. The purpose of this research is to promote formal methods for commercial software industry. In this paper we have identified issues in use of formal methods for commercial applications and devised strategies to overcome these difficulties which will provide motivations to use formal methods for commercial applications.

关键词： Formal Methods Commercial Applications Issues of Formal Methods

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的巨野煤田沉降监测

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高技术通讯 2021年第3期31卷 333-340页

作者： irfan ahmed Soomro 范宇宾郭唯娜柯长青南京大学地理与海洋科学学院南京210023

矿产资源过度开采极易诱发地面塌陷等地质灾害,对矿区的生产生活造成了严重的威胁。采用2017年5月至2018年11月21景Sentinel-1A数据,设置时间基线(365 d)和空间基线(2371 m)并生成连接图,采用小基线集技术(SBAS)对生成的影像对进行干涉... 详细信息

矿产资源过度开采极易诱发地面塌陷等地质灾害,对矿区的生产生活造成了严重的威胁。采用2017年5月至2018年11月21景Sentinel-1A数据,设置时间基线(365 d)和空间基线(2371 m)并生成连接图,采用小基线集技术(SBAS)对生成的影像对进行干涉处理,通过生成的干涉相位进行地面沉降的参数反演,获取了巨野煤田的形变场和监测点的形变序列。结果发现,巨野煤田发生24 mm以上地面沉降的区域面积占比高达87.12%,而郭屯矿区的地面沉降最为严重,中心沉降量超过70 mm,年沉降速率达到45mm/a。巨野煤田的地面沉降由自然和人为因素造成,其中人为煤炭开采和地下水的过量使用是主要原因。与水准测量的对比结果表明,二者沉降监测的总体趋势吻合。该项研究工作表明,小基线集雷达干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR)技术可以很好地应用于矿区沉降的监测,为合理开采矿产资源和矿区环境保护提供参考依据。

关键词：小基线集雷达干涉测量(SBAS-InSAR) 煤炭开采矿区沉降巨野煤田

First report on molecular characterization of Leishmania species from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第7期10卷 785-788页

作者： Mubbashir Hussain Shahzad Munir Sultan Ayaz Bahar Ullah Khattak Taj Ali Khan Niaz Muhammad Muhammad Anees Hazir Rahman Muhammad Qasim Muhammad Ameen Jamal irfan ahmed Kashif Rahim Humaira Mazhar Noha Watanay Mohamed Kasbari Vector Borne Diseases Laboratory Department of MicrobiologyKohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Department of Plant Pathology Faculty of Plant ProtectionYunnan Agricultural University College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural University Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Yunnan Agricultural University Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Institute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal University US Naval Medical Research Unit-3 (NAMRU 3) ANSES Animal Health Laboratory

Objective: To report presence of Leishmania major in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, where cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) is endemic and was thought to be caused by Leishmania tropica only. Methods: Biopsy samples from 432 CL suspected patients were collected from 3 southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during years 2011–2016. Microscopy on Giemsa stained slides were done followed by amplification of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 gene. Results: Leishmania amastigotes were detected by microscopy in 308 of 432 samples(71.3%) while 374 out of 432 samples(86.6%) were positive by ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR. Subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism confirmed Leishmania tropica in 351 and Leishmania major in 6 biopsy samples. Conclusions: This study is the first molecular characterization of Leishmania species in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It confirmed the previous assumptions that anthroponotic CL is the major CL form present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Furthermore, this is the first report of Leishmania major from a classical anthroponotic CL endemic focus identified in rural areas of Kohat district in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

关键词： Cutaneous leishmaniasis ITS-PCR RFLP Leishmania tropica Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Molecular detection of Leishmania species in human and animals from cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic areas of Waziristan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第8期11卷 495-500页

作者： Mubashir Hussain Shahzad Munir Abdullah Jalal Taj Ali Khan Niaz Muhammad Bahar Ullah Khattak Abdullah Khan irfan ahmed Zulqarnain Baloch Nawaz Haider Bashir Muhammad Ameen Jamal Kashif Rahim Humaira Mazhar Maira Riaz Noha Watany Vector Borne Diseases Lab Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Faculty of Plant Protection Yunnan Agricultural University Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering The University of AgriculturePeshawar Pakistan Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Yunnan Agricultural University College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University Department of Animal Breeding Genetics and Reproduction Yunnan Agricultural University Beijing Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Vector Biology Research Lab US Naval Medical Research Unit 3

Objectives: To detect Leishmania species in human patients, animal reservoirs and Phlebotomus sandflies in Waziristan, Pakistan. Methods: Tissue smears and aspirates from 448 cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) suspected patients were analyzed. To sort out role of the reservoir hosts, skin scrapings, spleen and liver samples from 104 rodents were collected. Furthermore, buffy coat samples were obtained from 60 domestic animals. Sandflies were also trapped. All human, animals and sandfly samples were tested by microscopy, kinetoplastic PCR and internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1) PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for detection of Leishmania species. Results: An overall prevalence of 3.83% and 5.21% through microscopy and ITS1 PCR respectively was found. However, the statistically non-significant correlation was found between area, gender, and number of lesions. The presence of rodents, sandflies, domestic animals and internally displaced people increased the risk of CL. Using ITS1-PCR-RFLP, Leishmania tropica(L. tropica) was confirmed in 106 samples while 25 of the isolates were diagnosed as Leishmania major(L. major). Similarly, 3/104 rodents were positive for L. major and 14 pools of DNA samples containing Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies were positive for L. tropica. None of samples from domestic animals were positive for leishmaniasis. Conclusions: In the present study, L. tropica and L. major are found to be the main causative agents of CL in study area. Movement of internally displaced people from CL endemic areas presents a risk for nearby CL free areas. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time L. major infection in rodents(Rattus rattus) and L. tropica in Phlebotomus sergenti sandflies trapped in Waziristan, Pakistan.

关键词： Leishmania major Rodents Cutaneous leishmaniasis Domestic animals ITS 1 PCR Waziristan

Requirement Change Management in Global Software Environment Using Cloud Computing

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2014年第8期7卷 694-699页

作者： Saiqa Bibi Yasir Hafeez Muhammad Shabbir Hassan Zartasha Gul Huma Pervez irfan ahmed Saira Mazhar PirMehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Institute of Information Technology Rawalpindi Pakistan

The successful implementation of any software project depends upon the requirements. Change in requirements at any stage during the life cycle of software development is taken as a healthy process. However, making out this change in a co-located environment is somewhat easier than the distributed environment where stakeholders are scattered at more than one location. This raises many challenges?i.e.?coordination, communication & control, managing change effectively and efficiently and managing central repository. Thus, cloud computing can be applied to minimize these challenges among the stakeholders. We have used a case study to evaluate the framework using cloud computing.

关键词： Challenges of Requirement Change Management Role of Cloud Computing in GSD Benefits of Cloud Computing

Inhomogeneous-strain-induced magnetic vortex cluster in one-dimensional manganite wire

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Science Bulletin 2020年第3期65卷 201-207页

作者： Iftikhar ahmed Malik Houbing Huang Yu Wang Xueyun Wang Cui Xiao Yuanwei Sun Rizwan Ullah Yuelin Zhang Jing Wang Muhammad Abdullah Malik irfan ahmed Changmin Xiong Simone Finizio Mathias Kl?ui Peng Gao Jie Wang Jinxing Zhang Department of Physics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Engineering Mechanics&Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China International Center for Quantum Materials and Electron Microscopy Laboratory School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Physics Johannes Gutenberg-University MainzMainz 55099Germany Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz Mainz 55128Germany Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100871China

Mixed-valance manganites with strong electron correlation exhibit strong potential for spintronics,where emergent magnetic behaviors,such as propagation of high-frequency spin waves and giant topological Hall Effects can be driven by their mesoscale spin ***,we create magnetic vortex clusters with flux closure spin configurations in single-crystal La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 wire.A distinctive transformation from out-of-plane domains to a vortex state is directly visualized using magnetic force microscopy at 4 K in wires when the width is below 1.0μ*** phase-field modeling indicates that the inhomogeneous strain,accompanying with shape anisotropy,plays a key role for stabilizing the flux-closure spin *** work offers a new perspective for understanding and manipulating the non-trivial spin textures in strongly correlated systems.

关键词： Magnetic vortex cluster Inhomogeneous strain One-dimensional manganites Epitaxial thin films Cryo-Temperature MFM

National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas irfan ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

Multi-Objective Vendor Selection Problem of Supply Chain Management Under Fuzzy Environment

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2021年第1期9卷 33-62页

作者： Srikant Gupta irfan Ali Aquil ahmed Department of Statistics and Operations Research Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarhUPIndia

Survival of a company in today's competitive business environment depends mainly on its supply *** adequate supply chain gives a competitive edge to a ***,which is the initial stage of a supply chain,can be made efficient by making an appropriate selection of *** vendor selection results not only in reduced purchasing costs,decreased production lead time,increased customer satisfaction but also in improved corporate *** general,the vendor selection problem is a multi-objective decision-making problem that involves some quantitative and qualitative ***,we have considered a multi-objective ven-dor selection problem(MOV SP)with three multiple objective goals:minimization of net ordering price,minimization of rejected units and minimization of late delivered *** most of the cases,information about the price of a unit,percentage of rejected units,percentage of late delivered units,vendor rating value and vendor quota flexibil-ity may not be known precisely due to some *** this paper,imprecision in input information is handled by the concept of a simulation technique,where the parameter follows the uniform ***,stochastic,a-cut and ranking function approaches are used to get the crisp value of the simulated data *** four differ-ent algorithms,namely-fuzzy programming,goal programming,lexicographic goal programming and D1-distance algorithm,have been used for solving the *** last,three different types of simulated data sets have been used to illustrate the work.

关键词： Vendor selection problem Trapezoidal fuzzy number α-Cut and ranking function Fuzzy programming Goal programming Lexicographic goal programming