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A new Biological Strategy for Drug Delivery: Eucaryotic Cell-Derived Nanovesicles

Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2011年第5期2卷 494-499页

作者： irène tatischeff Annette Alfsen 不详

An efficient drug delivery is the prerequisite of the successful chemotherapeutic treatments of many human diseases. Despite a great number of approaches, the improvement of drug cell internalization remains an actual research challenge. We propose a new biological delivery system based on the extracellular vesicles released by a non-pathological eukaryotic microorganism, Dictyostelium discoideum. After a summary of the main characteristics of these extracellular vesicles, including of their lipid bilayer that appears as a good candidate for initiating membrane fusion, followed by delivery of their encapsulated drug, the capacity of these vesicles to convey drugs into human cells was demonstrated in vitro on two tumor cell lines, resistant leukaemia K562r and cervix carcinoma HeLa cells. A comparison with other extracellular vesicles, like exosomes or bacteria-derived particles, stresses the unique properties of Dictyostelium extracellular nanovesicles for drug delivery.

关键词： Biological Extracellular Vesicles Antitumoral Drug Delivery Dictyostelium discoideum

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The Lipid Bilayer of Biological Vesicles: A Liquid-Crystalline Material as Nanovehicles of Information

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2014年第2期5卷 105-115页

作者： Annette Alfsen irène tatischeff CNRS & UPMC Honorary Research Director Paris France CNRS Honorary Research Director Paris France

The biological intracellular vesicles, formed from the cell membrane or from different cell organelles, play a main role in the intracellular transport, transfer and exchange of molecules and information. Extracellular vesicles are also detected in organisms belonging to any of the three main branches of evolution, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. There is an increasing consensus that these vesicles are important mediators of intercellular communication. All the intracellular and extracellular vesicles present a characteristic lipid composition and organization that governs their formation, targeting and function. This paper gives an overview of the lipid chemical and physical structure, strongly related to their biological function. The properties and role of the different types of lipids from membranes and vesicles are described. Then, their physical structure is shown as self-associated in a bilayer and organized as a lyotropic liquid crystal. The present paper underlies the structural similarity between these biological vesicles and a new synthetic material, the “liquid crystalline fullerodendrimers” obtained from the biological model. It is composed of a basket of carbon associated with a liquid crystalline material and has been shown to exhibit highly efficient properties of information transfer. Our observation stresses the essential role of the liquid crystalline structure of lipids in their function as biological nanovehicles of information. The comparison with the synthetic material contributes to a better understanding of the role of lipids for cell communication in living organisms.

关键词： Coated Vesicles Extracellular Vesicles Lipid Bilayer Liquid Crystalline Material

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