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An efficient resource optimization scheme for D2D communication

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第6期8卷 1122-1129页

作者： mohammad Haseeb zafar Imran Khan Madini O.Alassafi Faculty of Computing and IT King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Cardiff School of Technologies Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffUK Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar814Pakistan

With the rapid development of wireless technologies,wireless access networks have entered their Fifth-Generation(5G)system *** heterogeneous and complex nature of a 5G system,with its numerous technological scenarios,poses significant challenges to wireless resource management,making radio resource optimization an important aspect of Device-to-Device(D2D)communication in such *** D2D communication can improve spectrum efficiency,increase system capacity,and reduce base station communication burdens by sharing authorized cell resources;however,can also cause serious ***,research focusing on reducing this interference by optimizing the configuration of shared cellular resources has also grown in *** paper proposes a novel algorithm to address the problems of co-channel interference and energy efficiency optimization in a long-term evolution *** proposed algorithm uses the fuzzy clustering method,which employs minimum outage probability to divide D2D users into several groups in order to improve system throughput and reduce interference between *** efficient power control algorithm based on game theory is also proposed to optimize user transmission power within each group and thereby improve user energy *** results show that these proposed algorithms can effectively improve system throughput,reduce co-channel interference,and enhance energy efficiency.

关键词： Radio resource management Energy efficiency optimization Inter:face mitigation

Power Allocation in NOMA-CR for 5G Enabled IoT Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 5515-5530页

作者： Mohammed Basheri mohammad Haseeb zafar Imran Khan Department of Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Cardiff School of Technologies Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiffCF52YBUK Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan

In the power domain,non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)supports multiple users on the same time-frequency resources,assigns different transmission powers to different users,and differentiates users by user channel ***-user signals are superimposed and transmitted in the power domain at the transmitting end by actively implementing controllable interference information,and multi-user detection algorithms,such as successive interference cancellation(SIC)is performed at the receiving end to demodulate the necessary user *** contrast to the orthogonal transmission method,the non-orthogonal method can achieve higher spectrum ***,it will increase the receiver *** the development of microelectronics technology,chip processing capabilities continue to increase,laying the foundation for the practical application of non-orthogonal transmission *** NOMA,different users are differentiated by different power ***,the power allocation has a considerable impact on the NOMA system *** address this issue,the idea of splitting power into two portions,intra-subbands and intersubbands,is proposed in this study as a useful ***,such optimization problems are solved using proportional fair scheduling and water-filling ***,the error propagation was modeled and analyzed for the residual *** proposed technique effectively increased the system throughput and performance under various operating settings according to simulation findings.A comparison is performed with existing algorithms for performance evaluation.

关键词： NOMA wireless networks power domain 5G networks

Factors Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes： Subclinical versus Confirmed Neuropathy

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2017年第3期37卷 337-342页

作者： Yogendranathsing Unmar mohammad Ishraq zafar 高峰 Department of Endocrinology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

This study determined the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) and subclinical DPN(s DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) using nerve conduction study(NCS) as a diagnostic tool. We also investigated the factors associated with the development of s DPN and compared factors between the sD PN and confirmed DPN(cDPN). This cross-sectional study involved 240 T2DM patients who were successively admitted to the endocrinology wards of Wuhan Union Hospital over the period of January to December 2014. Data on the medical history, physical and laboratory examinations were collected. DPN was diagnosed using NCS. One-way ANOVA with least significant difference(LSD) analysis or chi-square tests was used to compare parameters among DNP-free, s DPN and c DPN patients. Independent factors associated with s DPN were determined using logistic regression. The results showed that 50.8% of the participants had DPN, and among them, 17.1% had sDPN. sDPN showed significant independent associations with age, height, HbA1c, presence of atherosclerosis and diabetic retinopathy. Patients with DPN differed significantly from those without DPN with respect to age, duration of disease(DOD), HbA1c, presence of atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and hypertension. Patients with cDPN, relative to those with sDPN, had significantly longer DOD and higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease(PAD) and coronary artery disease(CAD). Our study suggests that a significant number of T2DM patients are affected by s DPN, and the development of this condition is associated with advanced age, tall stature, poor glycaemic control, presence of diabetic retinopathy and atherosclerosis. On the other hand, patients with cDPN tend to have a longer DOD and are more likely to suffer from PAD and CAD.

关键词： diabetic peripheral neuropathy type 2 diabetes mellitus subclinical diabetic peripheral neuropathy nerve conduction study

Adaptive Expanding Ring Search Based Per Hop Behavior Rendition of Routing in MANETs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 1137-1152页

作者： Durr-e-Nayab mohammad Haseeb zafar Mohammed Basheri Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)operate with Expanding Ring Search(ERS)mechanism to avoid ooding in the network while tracing *** mechanism searches the network with discerning Time to Live(TTL)values described by respective routing protocol that save both energy and *** work exploits the relation between the TTL value of a packet,trafc on a node and ERS mechanism for routing in MANETs and achieves an Adaptive ERS based Per Hop Behavior(AERSPHB)rendition of requests *** search request is classied based on ERS attributes and then processed for routing while monitoring the node *** algorithms are designed and examined for performance under exhaustive parametric setup and employed on adaptive premises to enhance the performance of the *** network is tested under congestion scenario that is based on buffer utilization at node level and link utilization via back-off stage of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA).Both the link and node level congestion is handled through retransmission and rerouting the packets based on ERS *** aim is to drop the packets that are exhausting the network energy whereas forward the packets nearer to the destination with *** simulations are carried out for network scalability,node speed and network terrain *** results show that the proposed models attain evident performance enhancement.

关键词： Expanding ring search mobile ad hoc networks multi hop wireless networks on-demand ad hoc networks per hop behavior quality of servi

Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.: A vegetable with diverse pharmacological properties

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2018年第1期7卷 34-48页

作者： Mahia Khandaker Saleha Akter mohammad zafar Imam Department of Biotechnology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversitySalnaGazipur 1706Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy Primeasia UniversityHBR Tower9 BananiDhaka 1213Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy Stamford University Bangladesh51 Siddeswari RoadDhaka 1217Bangladesh

Trichosanthes dioica *** a climber of the Cucurbitaceae family mainly found in tropical *** fruit is widely consumed as a vegetable and different parts of this plant are used in the traditional medicine to treat various types of human *** this review,we critically analyzed and presented the scientific studies on *** available in three electronic databases ***,Web of Science and Google *** aim was to find the scientific basis of the traditional use to understand the plant’s potential in *** have found promising antihyperglycemic,antihyperlipidemic,antitumor,cytotoxic,arsenic poisoning ameliorative,anti-inflammatory,antidiarrheal,and varieties of pharmacological activities of *** types of bioactive compounds have been identified and isolated from *** including peptides namely trichosanthin and lectin;a number of triterpenes like cucurbitacin B,euphol,α-amyrin,-amyrin,lupeol,taraxerol,betulin,and karounidiol;sterols,steroidal saponin,tannin,flavonoids *** contains a number of well-known bioactive phytochemicals and the plant has shown an array of pharmacological activities in *** review will expand our understanding of the therapeutic potential of *** and their phytochemical basis which may help in further research on this species.

关键词： Trichosanthes dioica Pointed gourd Cucurbitaceae Ethnomedicine Ethnopharmacology

An Efficient Energy Aware Routing Mechanism for Wireless Body Area Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1111-1126页

作者： Wejdan Wasel Aljaghthami mohammad Haseeb zafar Afraa Zuhair Attiah Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

The accelerated development of wireless network technology has resulted in the emergence of Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN),which is a technology commonly used in the medical *** consists of tiny sensor nodes that interconnect with each other and set in the human body to collect and transmit the patient data to the physician,to monitor the patients *** nodes typically have limited battery energy that led to a shortage of network ***,energy efficiency is considered one of the most demanding challenges in routing design for *** proposed routing mechanisms inWBAN did not cover the source node energy and energy harvesting ***,this study proposes an Efficient Energy Aware Routing(EEAR)*** paper constructs a path cost function that considers three parameters:residual energy,number of hops to the sink,and the distance between the ***,data aggregationwith filtration and hybrid energy harvesting technique are used to extend the network lifetime,reduce the network traffic load,andmaintain the source node *** simulations using MATLAB have been performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed *** is contrasted with the two latest schemes,called Priority-based Congestion-avoidance Routing Protocol(PCRP)and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol(EERP).The results show the significant performance of theEEARmechanism in terms of network lifetime,residual energy,network stability,and throughput.

关键词： Wireless body area network routing protocol energy efficiency network lifetime energy harvesting

Ergodic Capacity Evaluation of Multi-Hop Decode-and-Forward MIMO-OFDM Relaying Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3133-3145页

作者： Latif Jan mohammad Haseeb zafar Abdul Waheed Mahdi Zareei Faisal Alanazi Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Information Technology Hazara UniversityMansehra21120Pakistan Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and SciencesZapopan45201Mexico Department of Electrical Engineering Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityCollege of EngineeringAl Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

Spatial diversity plays a significant role in wireless communication systems,including the Fourth Generation(4G)and Fifth Generation(5G)systems,and it is expected to be a fundamental part of the future wireless communication systems as *** Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)technology,which is included in the IEEE 802.16j standard,still holds the most crucial position in the 4G spectrum as it promises to improve the throughput,capacity,spectral,and energy efficiency of wireless communication systems in the *** makes MIMO a viable technology for delay constrained medical and health care *** paper presents an approximate closed-form expression of the ergodic capacity for the Decode-and-Forward(DF)protocol MIMO-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)relaying *** MIMO-OFDM is highly valuable for modern high-speed wireless communication systems,especially in the medical sciences,its performance degrades in multi-hop relay ***,in this paper,an approximate closed-form expression is derived for an end-to-end ergodic capacity of multi-hop DF MIMO-OFDM wireless communication system has been ***-Carlo simulations are conducted to verify the performance of the presented analysis regarding the capacity(bits/s/Hz)for different SNR-dB values for single,2×2,4×4,and multi-hop DF MIMOOFDM *** presented results provide useful insights for the research on the end-to-end ergodic capacity evaluation.

关键词： Multiple-input multiple-output system decode-and-forward protocol orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ergodic capacity

Application of Zinc, Iron and Boron Enhances Productivity and Grain Biofortification of Mungbean

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 983-999页

作者： Muhammad zafar Siraj Ahmed Muhammad Kashif Munir Nawal zafar Muhammad Saqib Muhammad Aleem Sarwar Saba iqbal Baber Ali Naveed Akhtar Basharat Ali Sadam Hussain Muhammad Saeed mohammad Khalid Al-Sadoon Aneela Gulnaz Agronomic Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Ayub Agricultural Research Institute FaisalabadFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad45320Pakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Plant Pathology Research Institute Faisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Zoology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Biotechnology Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38641Korea

Deficiencies of essential vitamins,iron(Fe),and zinc(Zn)affect over one-half of the world’s population.A significant progress has been made to control micronutrient deficiencies through supplementation,but new approaches are needed,especially to reach the rural *** biofortification of pulses with Zn,Fe,and boron(B)offers a pragmatic solution to combat hidden hunger instead of food fortification and ***,it also has positive effects on crop production as ***,we conducted three separate field experiments for two consecutive years to evaluate the impact of soil and foliar application of the aforementioned nutrients on the yield and seed biofortification of *** application of Zn at 0,4.125,8.25,Fe at 0,2.5,5.0 and B at 0,0.55,1.1 kg ha−1 was done in the first,second and third experiment,*** application in these experiments was done at 0.3%Zn,0.2%Fe and 0.1%B respectively one week after flowering *** revealed that soil-applied Zn,Fe and B at 8.25,5.0 and 1.1 kg ha−1,respectively,enhanced the grain yield of mungbean;however,this increase in yield was statistically similar to that recorded with Zn,Fe and B at 4.125,2.5 and 0.55 kg ha−1,*** application of these nutrients at flower initiation significantly enhanced the Zn contents by 28%and 31%,Fe contents by 80%and 78%,while B contents by 98%and 116%over control during 2019 and 2020,*** was concluded from the results that soil application of Zn,Fe,and B enhanced the yield performance of mungbean;while significant improvements in seed Zn,Fe,and B contents were recorded with foliar application of these nutrients.

关键词： Biofortification seed biofortification mungbean iron zinc boron foliar application

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第11期29卷 516-521页

作者： zafar Ali Javaid Ismail Rafaqat Hussain AShah Arshad Mahmood Arbab mohammad Toufiq Shams ur Rahman Department of Physics COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadIslamabad 45550Pakistan Department of Chemistry COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadIslamabad 45550Pakistan National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(NILOP-CPIEAS)Nilore 45650IslamabadPakistan Department of Physics Hazara University MansehraMansehra 21300Pakistan

We report the hydrothermal growth of pure and doped TiO2 nanoparticles with different concentrations of *** microstructure of the as-synthesized samples is characterized by x-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and Raman spectroscopy to understand the structure and *** XRD patterns confirm the formation of anatase phase of TiO2 with the average crystallite size is calculated to be in the range of 13 nm to 14.7 *** functional groups of these nanostructures are characterized by Fourier transformed infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,which further confirms the single anatase phase of the synthesized ***-visible absorption spectroscopy is used to understand the absorption behavior,which shows modification in the optical bandgap from 3.13 eV(pure TiO2)to 3.74 eV(1.2 mol%C-doped TiO2).Furthermore,the Ti^3+centers associated with oxygen vacancies are identified using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy(EPR).

关键词： titanium dioxide hydrothermal synthesis defect states bandgap