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Allelic Variation of Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-Dl in chinese Released Wheat Varieties in the Last 50 Years

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agricultural sciences in China 2002年第1期1卷 36-44页

作者： ZHANG Xue-yong, DONG Yu-chen, YOU Guang-xia, WANG Lan-fen, LI Pei and JIA Ji-zeng(institute of crop Germ plasm Resources , chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Key Lab of crop Germplasm Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, beijing 100081 ) institute of crop Germplasm Resources Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Lab of Crop Germplasm Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081

: The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) components from about 85 varieties were fractionated by SDS-PAGE, including 22 corner stone breeding parents, 45 varieties taking important role in chinese wheat production and 18 varieties with good bread making quality. The 22 corner stone breeding lines carry either null (c) or l(a) summits on Glu-Al loci. Five types are detected on Glu-Bl, which are 7 + 8(b), 7 + 9 (c), 14 + 15 (h), 17 + 18 (i), 6 + 8 (d). 7 + 8 and 7 + 9 are the two major types. Six types have been detected on Glu-Dl, which are 2 + 12 (a), 2 + 10 (e), 5 + 10 (d), 4 + 10 (j), 4 + 12 (c), 2 + 11 (g). 2 + 12 and 2 + 11 are the two major types. In the corner stone breeding lines, early premium from American carries 5 + 10, St2422/464 from Italy carries the 14 + 15. In addition, two relatively essential varieties, Mara and Alondra carry 5 + 10. In the 45 commercialized varieties, sowed more than 666 000 ha (10 million mu) annually, only Yangmai 5 conveys the 5 + 10 on Glu-Dl, and Xiaoyan 6 and Yumai 7 carry the 14 + 15 on Glu-B1. Four varieties, Funo, Nongda 139, Zhengzhou 683 and Fan 6 convey the 17 + 18 on Glu-B1. The 18 bread wheat varieties recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1992 could be classified into two groups, 5 + 10 and 14 + 15. Zhongzuo 8131 and its selections are the typical genotype of 5 + 10. Genes coding the two subunits are from either Yecora F-70 or IRN68-181. Xiaoyan 6 and its derivative varieties are the typical genotype of 14 + 15. The genes coding 17 + 18 subunits in chinese varieties were derived from Funo or its selections. These results basically reflect allelic changes on Glu-1 in chinese wheat varieties in the past 50 years. It is also proven that HMW-GS components may have great diversity between lines from the same cross, which causes great difference on baking quality.

关键词： China Wheat varieties Quality Glutenin subunits

Photosynthesis of Populus euphratica and its response to elevated CO2 concentration in an arid environment

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第4期19卷 443-451页

作者： Honghua Zhou a,b,c, Yaning Chena,b, Weihong Li a,b, Yapeng Chen a,b, Lixin Fud a Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences, 818 South beijing Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China b Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment, Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography, chinese academy of sciences, Urumqi 830011, China c Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, China d College of Natural Resources and Environment science of Xinjiang agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China [a]Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences 818 South Beijing Road Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 China [b]Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology and Desert Environment Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China [c]Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China [d]College of Natural Resources and Environment Science of Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi 830052 China

The photosynthetic characterization of Populus euphratica and its response to the elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) were analyzed based on its net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use effciency (WUE) at different groundwater depths measured by a portable gas exchange system (LI-6400) in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The results showed that the elevation of [CO2] decreased the gs, and increased the Pn, Ci and WUE of P. euphratica. However, the effects of the elevated [CO2] on gs, Pn, Ci and WUE varied considerably with groundwater depth. The response of photosynthesis to rising [CO2] was stronger at the greater groundwater depth (more than 6 m) than that at the shallower groundwater depth (less than 6 m). The critical groundwater depth required to maintain the normal survival of P. euphratica was less than 6 m. When the groundwater depth increased to more than 6 m, P. euphratica encountered moderate water stress, and the plant suffered severe water stress when the groundwater depth increased to more than 7 m.

关键词： Photosynthesis Populus euphratica Groundwater depth CO2 concentration The lower reaches of the Tarim River

Monitoring of rice crop using ENVISAT ASAR data

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science China Earth sciences 2006年第7期49卷 755-763页

作者： DONG Yanfang1, 2, SUN Guoqing1,3 & PANG Yong4 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science, institute of Remote Sensing Applications, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, China 3. Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA 4. Forest Remote Sensing Lab, Research institute of Forest Resource and Information Technology, chinese academy of For-estry, beijing 100091, China 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China 3. Department of Geography University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA 4. Forest Remote Sensing Lab Research Institute of Forest Resource and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China

Because of the cloudy conditions during the rice growth period, rice is one of the agri-cultural crops most suited to monitoring with the SAR instruments. Backscatter response measured by SAR is correlated with rice conditions, including height, density, biomass and structure, which are variable at different growing stages. In this paper, multi-date ENVISAT ASAR Alternating Polarization Mode (APMode) imageries were acquired during the rice crop growing cycle. At the same time, the rice parameters were measured in field. A continuous canopy model was used to compute the back-scattering from rice fields during the growth cycle, and the relationship between rice parameters and radar backscattering coefficients from both ASAR and modeling was analyzed. The effects of polari-zation, incidence angle and polarization on radar backscattering coefficients were analyzed. It was found that simulated radar backscatter has similar trends as ASAR data. This will be meaningful for the further research of rice parameters estimation from ASAR data. Different features show signifi-cantly different signatures in ASAR images and they follow some certain laws, so rice area can be accurately mapped by using multi-temporal SAR images, then rice yield can be estimated.

关键词： rice, ASAR, radar backscattering, model.

Relationship Between Soil Properties and Different Fractions of Soil Hg

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Pedosphere 2001年第3期11卷 257-262页

作者： WU HONGTAO YU GUIFEN QING CHANGLE and CHEN TONGBIN Southwest agricultural University, Chongqing 400716 (China) institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources, the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101 (China) institute of Soil science, th 西南农业大学重庆 400716 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008 中科院地理科学与资源所北京 100101

Correlation and path analysis methods were used to study the relationship between soil properties and the distribution of different soil Hg fractions with nine representative soils from Chongqing, China. Results showed that clay (< 2 m) could increase water-soluble Hg (r = 0.700*). Soil organic matter (OM) could enhance the increase of elemental Hg (r = 0.674*). The higher the base saturation percentage (BSP), the more the residual Hg (T = 0.684*). Organic Hg, the sum of acid-soluble organic Hg and alkali-soluble Hg, was positively affected by silt (2-20 μm) but negatively affected by pH, with the direct path coefficients amounting to 1.0487 and 0.5121, respectively. The positive effect of OM and negative effect of BSP on organic Hg were the most significant, with the direct path coefficients being 0.7614 and -0.8527, respectively. The indirect effect of clay (< 2 μm) via BSP (path coefficient = 0.4186) was the highest, showing that the real influencing factor in the effect of clay (< 2 μm) on acid-soluble organic Hg was BSP. Since the available Hg fraction, water-soluble Hg, was positively affected by soil clay content, and the quite immobile and not bioavailable residual Hg by soil BSP, suitable reduction of clay content and increase of BSP would be of much help to reduce the Hg availability and Hg activity in Hg-contaminated soils.

关键词： different fractions soil Hg soil properties

An intracellular toxic protein (Xin) isolated from Xenorhabdus nematophilus strain BJ

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2002年第4期 72-74页

作者： PAN Yinghong , JIAN Heng , ZHANG Jie , LIU Zheng, CHEN Zhongyi , YANG Xiufen, YANG Huaiwen and HUANG Dafang( State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, institute of Plant Protection, chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100094, China institute of Biocontrol Research, chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100081, China institute of Biotechnology Research, chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100081, China.) State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100094 China institute of Biocontrol Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China institute of Biotechnology Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

An intracellular toxic protein, designated Xin and with remarkable inhibitory effect on growth of Helicoverpa armiger-a, was isolated from X. nematophilus strain BJ by ion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. After placing neonates on the artificial diet containing Xin at concentration of 0 or 3.48 μg/g for 7 days, the average weight of insects was 23.50 mg and 0.55mg, respectively. The activity of Xin was lost by heating, freeze-drying, digestion with proteases or urea. The Xin molecular weight, over 1000 kD, was determined by gel filtration on Superose 12, and there were six component proteins analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results show that Xin is a high molecular protein complex inhibiting growth of insect pest.

关键词： intracellular protein Helicoverpa armigera Xenorhabdus nematophilus Xin purification.

Detection of Allelic Variation in chinese Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germplasm with Drought ToleranceUsing SSR Markers

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agricultural sciences in China 2002年第10期1卷 1083-1088页

作者： JING Rui-lian, CHANG Xiao-ping, Marcello Broggio and JIA Ji-zeng(Key Laboratory of crop Germplasm and Biotechnology , institute of crop Germplasm Resources , chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100081 , P. R. China Oversea Agronomic institute, Florence 50131 , Italy) Key Laboratory of crop Germplasm and Biotechnology Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China Oversea Agronomic institute Florence 50131Italy

Allelic variation in two domestic wheat landraces, Pingyaobaimai and Mazhamai, two cornerstone breeding materials and their derived cultivars with drought tolerance was detected by SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. The clustering of 25 accessions showed that the similarity between Pingyaobaimai and Yandal817, the latter was developed from the former, was 0.71, the highest one of all accessions, but the similarities were very low between these two accessions and other accessions including their derived cultivars. A similar situation was revealed between Mazhamai and its derived cultivars. Pingyaobaimai and its three derived cultivars shared three alleles at loci Xgwm526, Xgwm538 and Xgwm126 on chromosome arms 2BL, 4BL and 5AL, respectively. There were six shared alleles in Mazhamai and its derived cultivars, in order of Xgwm157, Xgwm126, Xgwm212, Xgwm626, Xgwm471 and Xgwm44 on chromosome arms 2DL, 5AL, 5DL, 6BL, 7AS and 7DC, respectively. Only one shared allele was detected between the pedigrees of Pingyaobaimai and Mazhamai. The difference of shared alleles in two cornerstone breeding materials and their derived cultivars revealed the diversity in chinese wheat germplasm with drought tolerance and the complication in genetic basis of drought tolerance in wheat.

关键词： Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Allelic variation Drought tolerant germplasm SSR marker

Research on maize stalk rot in China

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Research on maize stalk rot in China

Nitrogen Uptake by Corn and N Recovery in Grainin Dry Farmland

作者： Wang Xiaoming institute of crop sciences, chinese academy of agricultural sciences

＜正＞ Background Maize stalk rot occurs widely in the world maize zone. Many fungi are the causal agents, such as Pythium spp., Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum graminicola, Rhizoctonia so/ani, Diplodia maydis and others. In 1950s there was a report of Pythium stalk rot in Henan Province. Since the 1970’s this disease has been reported in more than 20 provinces and has been severe and has become one of the main problems in many maize zones in China. 1. The relationship of pathogens between maize stalk rot and wheat diseases

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agricultural sciences in China 2003年第8期2卷 898-905页

作者： Wang Xiao-bin, Cai Dian-xiong, Zhang Jing-qing and Gao Xu-ke(Soil and Fertilizer institute , chinese academy of agricultural sciences, beijing 100081 , P. R. China) Soil and Fertilizer institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China

There have been considerable concerns with the reduced beneficial yield response to fertilizer and the less efficient use of fertilizers with the fast growth in fertilizer consumption in China, as well as problems with low and unstable fertilizer use effectiveness in dry farmland. The paper discusses the effect of precipitation , corn stover incorporation and fertilizer management on N uptake by corn and fertilizer N use efficiency in dry farmland. The results showed that in the areas with 520 mm rainfall under the cropping system of one crop of spring corn per year, N uptake and N recovery by corn, and yields were higher at rates of 105 kg fertilizer N, 1 500 kg cattle manure and 6 000 kg corn stover incorporated per hectare. N uptake was significantly affected by precipitation during growing periods and soil moisture at sowing, fertilizer N apparent recovery varied from 58% in a rainy year to 7% in the year with a very dry soil, and the average of 7 years(1993 -1999)was about 30%. The 15N tracer experiment showed that around 40% of N uptake was derived form fertilizer N and 60% from soil N. The results from 3-year 15N tracer study(1997 - 1999)indicated that the 1st year's N recovery in grain with and without stover incorporated was about 24% and 17%, respectively, the accumulative 3-year total about 36% and 25%, the percentage of N recovery with stover incorporated increased about 11. The accumulative 3-year N loss with and without stover incorporated was about 26% and 45%, respectively, the percentage of N loss with stover decreased about 19. The studies supply information on land applications of fertilizer N and corn stover in dry farmland.

关键词： Corn Dryland Corn stover N recovery N uptake

D2003,allele of Vp8 in maize,regulate the plant height development

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D2003,allele of Vp8 in maize,regulate the plant height devel...