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Conus Peptides-A Rich Pharmaceutical Treasure

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第11期36卷 713-723页

作者： Cheng-Zhong WANG and Cheng-Wu CHIinstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, shanghai institute of Biological sciences, the chinese academy of sciences, shanghai 200031, china institute of neuroscience, the chinese academy of sciences, shanghai 200031, china institute of Protein Research, Tongji University, shanghai 200092, china institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of neuroscience the Chinese Academy of Science institute of Protein Research Tongji University

Marine predatory cone snails (genus Conus) with over 500 species represent what is arguably the largest single genus of marine animals alive today. All Conus are venomous and utilize a complex mixture of Conus peptide... 详细信息

关键词： Conus peptide conotoxin neuropathic disorder pharmaceutical potency

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MSC p43 required for axonal development in motor neurons

MSC p43 required for axonal development in motor neurons

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中国生理学会第23届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： Jia-Wei ZHOU institute of neuroscience,SIBS,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai,200031,china

＜正＞Neuron connectivity and correct neural function largely depend on axonal *** （NFs） constitute the main cytoskeletal network maintaining the structural integrity of neurons and exhibit dynamic changes during axonal and dendritic ***,the mechanisms underlying axonal development and maintenance remain poorly ***,we identify that multisynthetase complex p43（MSC p43） is essential for NF assembly and axon *** MSC p43 protein was predominantly expressed in central neurons and interacted with NF light subunit in *** lacking MSC p43 exhibited axon degeneration in motor neurons, defective neuromuscular junctions,muscular atrophy,and motor ***,MSC p43 depletion in mice caused disorganization of the axonal NF ***,MSC p43 is required for maintaining normal phosphorylation levels of ***,MSC p43 is indispensable in maintaining axonal *** dysfunction may underlie the NF disorganization and axon degeneration associated with motor neuron degenerative diseases.

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Neural processing of scale-change motion in primary visual cortex

Neural processing of scale-change motion in primary visual c...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第七届全国学术会议

作者： Cheng WANG,Hai-Shan YAO institute of neuroscience,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china

Interpretation of direction of motion-in-depth is an indispensable task of our visual system,as we are in a dynamic visual *** addition to such ingredient of stimulus as optic-flow field,and disparity change,etc.,a psychophysical study points out the importance of scale change information(spectral motion) as separate channel in contributing to this task,however the physiological mechanism is still *** we directly measure direction selectivity to this spectral motion and compare with spectrotemporal receptive field(STRF) properties of the neuron obtained with reverse correlation *** find there are cells sensitive to particular direction of spectral *** of the behavior of the cells which prefer high spatial frequency to lower spatial frequency(H-L) can be predicted by linear predictions from the *** we also show that adaptation to H-L motion can reduce cells direction selectivity to this *** experiments will aim to investigate ensemble synaptic activity to spectral *** results,if established with additional experiments,will give a strong evidence that inseparability between frequency and time,normally consider as efficient information algorithm(coarse-to-fine) can enable our visual system to fulfill a behaviorally relevant task.

关键词： V1 motion-in-depth STRF spectral motion spatial frequency optic flow

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Routing information in neural circuits

Routing information in neural circuits

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Si WU~*,Li-Bo MA institute of neuroscience.chinese academy of sciences shanghai 200031 china

＜正＞Neural delays are a general property of computations carried out by neural *** the visual system as an example,an external stimulus in the form of light intensity is first encoded into electrical signal by photo receptors in *** signal is further converted into action potentials by retinal ganglion ***,the neural signal is transmitted to LGN and finally reaches the primary visual cortex,where visual awareness of the stimulus is established. This whole process takes about 60-80 ms,which is a significant amount of delay in real-time computation.A fast moving object can travel a significant distance over the retinal surface during this period,implying that if this delay is not compensated properly,our perception of the location of a fast moving object will trail largely behind its true position. Thus,neural systems must have mechanisms to compensate neural delays.A possible strategy for a neural system achieving compensation is to predict the future position of a stimulus based on the prior knowledge it has on the motion speed of the *** this study,we investigated a dynamical routing scheme to implement the compensation of the visual transmission *** idea is as follows:For a static stimulus,neural signal is transmitted along a straight line from retina to *** V1 has the retinotopic map,the spatial position of the stimulus is properly *** a moving stimulus,on the other hand,neural signal is sent along a diagonal pathway to the visual *** slope of the pathway is determined by the motion speed of the stimulus,so that the cortical position the neural signal is sent to corresponds to the future location the stimulus will travel to after the delay ***,the transmission delay is *** the neural system has computational resources to achieve dynamical routing? We found mat this is *** the regime of low speed,the asymmetric inhibitory interactions from amacrine starburst cells to

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In utero electroporation is a powerful tool to explore functions of genes/proteins during the development

In utero electroporation is a powerful tool to explore funct...

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中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者： Ding Yu-qiang Laboratory of Neural Development, institute of neuroscience, chinese academy of sciences, shanghai 200031, china

＜正＞The gene targeting （loss of function, LOF） and transgenic approach （gain of function, GOF） are widely used to explore functions of interested genes/protein, because LOF and GOF provide solid evidence from two opposite aspects to show the roles of the genes/proteins. The only disadvantages of these approaches （knock out and transgene） are time-consuming and the requirement of skilled microinjection specialist and expensive instruments. As recent breakthrough in vivo electroporation and availability of powerful vectors, and as well as development of RNA interference （RNAi） techniques, LOF and GOF evidence could be obtained by in vivo electroporation. This greatly facilitates the study of functions of interested genes/proteins. We have carried out in vivo electroporation in mouse and chick embryos to study the possible roles of several genes/proteins （e.g. Src-like adaptor protein in layer formation of cerebral cortex, DCC in neural migration） that might be involved in the development of central nervous system, and some of the results will be discussed in this symposium.

关键词： utere electroporation development

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Neuronal activity-oriented resting microglial contact reciprocally downregulates neuronal activity in vivo

Neuronal activity-oriented resting microglial contact recipr...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Ying LI,Xufei DU,Jiulin DU~* institute of neuroscience,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china

＜正＞Microglia,the primary immune effector cells in the brain,are critically involved in many pathological conditions including injury,stroke,and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s *** physiological condition, microglia spend most of time on a resting state with highly branched processes surveying surround brain area. However,little is known about what are sensed by resting microglia and what are their physiological *** in vivo two-photon morphology and calcium imaging in the optic tectum of zebrafish larvae,we found here that the bulbous contact between neuron and microglial process was positively correlated with spontaneous neuronal activity. Local increase of neuronal activity by two-photon based focal glutamate uncaging effectively induced orientedmotility of resting microglial processes and its bulbous contact with neurons in uncaged ***,microglial contact decreased spontaneous neuronal ***,resting microglia dynamically surveying high neuronal activity are important for neuronal activity regulation and homeostasis in vivo.

关键词： microglia neuronal activity

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Axonal GABAA receptor in cortical pyramidal neurons

Axonal GABAA receptor in cortical pyramidal neurons

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Yang XIA,You-Sheng SHU~* Laboratory of Neural Network Function,institute of neuroscience,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031, china

GABAA receptors,which mediate the most well known inhibitory force in neuronal system,own dramatic diversity in subunits composition,developmental changes and subcellular *** has been shown that GABAA receptor not only located at the soma and the dendrite,but also distributed on the axon,for instance,the axonal initial segment(AIS) of cortical pyramidal neuron or the mossy fiber boutons of hippocampal CA3 granule *** these special structures,it is intriguing to know whether GABAA receptor is located along the main axon of cortical *** performing whole-cell recordings from the axons of layer 5 pyramidal neurons,we found that iontophoresis of GABA could evoke an outward current in voltage-clamp mode with a reversal potential of～-*** application of picrotoxin could completely block these *** results were obtained in whole-cell recoding of the isolated axons(without the cell body and AIS).Together,these results revealed the existence of GABAA receptors in the main axon.

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Role of Lmx1b in adult central 5-HT system

Role of Lmx1b in adult central 5-HT system

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第七届全国学术会议

作者： Ningning SONG,Jianbo XIU,Ying HUANG,Yu-Qiang DING institute of neuroscience,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china

＜正＞Transcription factors play very important roles in the embryonic *** is well known that transcription factors are involved in every aspect of neural development,including cell fate determination,differentiation,migration, axon growth and ***,the role of transcription factors in adulthood is largely unknown though many of them are expressed in adult central nervous system（CNS）.Here we focus on the role of Lmx1b（Lim homeobox transcription factor 1） in central 5-HT system in the adult *** this end,we generated Pet1-CreER transgenic mice in which inducible Cre recombinase is expressed under the control of Pet1 *** Pet1 is specifically expressed in 5-HT neurons in CNS,we are able to inactivate Lmxlb specifically in these neurons at desired time points by crossing Pet1- CreER mice with floxed Lmx1b *** Bacterial Artificial Chromosome（BAC） homologous recombination,we targeted the coding sequence of CreER to the 3’ end of mouse Petl promoter carried on 200 kb ***,we obtained three Pet1-CreER transgenic lines,and the expression patterns of Cre recombinase in two lines were similar to that of the endogenous Pet1 in the *** order to investigate the role of Lmx1b in mature 5-HT neurons,we are crossing Pet1- CreER transgenic mice with floxed Lmx1b mice to inactivate Lmx1b specifically in the raphe nucleus by injecting tamoxifen in adult Pet1 -CreER;Lmx1bf/f（Lmx1b CKO） *** expression of 5-HT and behaviors of these mice will be examined.

关键词： lmx1b transcription factor serotonin conditional knockout

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Axonal potassium current and its modulation by neuromodulators

Axonal potassium current and its modulation by neuromodulato...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Yang JING,You-Sheng SHU~* Laboratory of neural network function,institute of neuroscience,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai,200031, china

Potassium(K) currents are fundamental determinants of the neuronal membrane excitability,and thereby affect the activities of neural *** whole-cell recording at the cut end of the axon in both pyramidal cells and interneurons of prefrontal cortex,we studied the properties and functions of axonal K currents.A slowly inactivating K current(D-current) is found dominantly at the axon of both interneuron and pyramidal *** this slowly inactivat- ing current byα-DTX produced repetitive firing in response to axonal current *** results suggested that the the axonal D-current may play an important role in controlling axonal electrical properties and the firing patterns of these *** the K channels are subjected to modulation through protein phosphorylation,we examined the modulation of axonal K currents by various potential modulators that could alter the activity of intracellular *** examined the effect of NE,5-HT,DA and the related receptor agonists on the amplitude and gating properties of axonal K *** found that some of these modulators may regulate the axonal K channels via PKA signaling *** of adenylate cyclase by forskolin significantly suppressed the axonal voltage-gated K *** results indicated that neuromodulators may change the neuronal excitability and firing patterns via their modulatory effect on axonal K channels.

关键词： potassium current interneuron pyramidal cells neuromodulators

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The TRPC6 channels and neuronal survival

The TRPC6 channels and neuronal survival

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Wan-Lu DU,Jun-Bo HUANG,Yi-Zheng WANG institute of neuroscience,SIBS,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china

Brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia develops from a series of pathological processes,including excitotoxicity, inflammation and ***,the results of clinical trials to prevent ischemic brain damage by blocking these detrimental effects are *** of survival might be also important for treatment of *** transient receptor potential canonical(TRPC)s are non-selective cation channels permeable to Ca,which are present in many cell types,including *** TRPC subfamily with seven subunits(TRPC1-7) can be divided into four subgroups based on their sequence similarity:(1) TRPC1;(2) TRPC2;(3) TRPC3/6/7 and(4) TRPC4/*** TRPC channels are formed by homo- or hetero-tetramers of these *** this study,we report that TRPC6 protein in the neurons in ischemia was specifically downregulated by the NMDAR-dependent calpain *** its degradation or maintaining its expression protects neurons from ischemic *** results suggest that both detrimental and protective signalings can greatly affect ischemic brain damage,in which activation of the detrimental pathways,such as NMDAR,may disrupt the endogenous protective pathways,such as TRPC6,leading to loss in survival in ischemia.

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