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COVID-19 strict lockdown impact on urban air quality and atmospheric temperature in four megacities of India

Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 279-290页

作者： Subodh Chandra Pal indrajit chowdhuri Asish Saha Manoranjan Ghosh Paramita Roy Biswajit Das Rabin Chakrabortty Manisa Shit Department of Geography The University of BurdwanBardhaman713104West BengalIndia Center for Rural Development and Innovative Sustainable Technology Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal721302India India Smart Cities Fellow National Institute of Urban AffairsNew Delhi110003India Department of Geography Raiganj UniversityRaiganjUttar Dinajpur733134West BengalIndia

COVID-19 pandemic has forced to lockdown entire India starting from 24th March 2020 to 14th April 2020(first phase), extended up to 3rd May 2020(second phase), and further extended up to 17th May 2020(third phase) with limited relaxation in non-hotspot areas. This strict lockdown has severely curtailed human activity across India. Here, aerosol concentrations of particular matters(PM) i.e., PM,PM, carbon monoxide(CO), nitrogen dioxide(NO), sulphur dioxide(SO), ammonia(NH) and ozone(O), and associated temperature fluctuation in four megacities(Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai)from different regions of India were investigated. In this pandemic period, air temperature of Delhi,Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai has decreased about 3 ℃, 2.5 ℃, 2 ℃ and 2 ℃ respectively. Compared to previous years and pre-lockdown period, air pollutants level and aerosol concentration(-41.91%,-37.13%,-54.94% and-46.79% respectively for Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai) in these four megacities has improved drastically during this lockdown period. Emission of PMhas experienced the highest decrease in these megacities, which directly shows the positive impact of restricted vehicular movement. Restricted emissions produce encouraging results in terms of urban air quality and temperature, which may encourage policymakers to consider it in terms of environmental sustainability.

关键词： COVID-19 Aerosol Air pollutant Climate Megacity

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Role of self-help groups on socioeconomic development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)among rural women in Cooch Behar District,India

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 63-74页

作者： Debanjan BASAK indrajit Roy CHOWDHURY Department of Geography and Applied Geography University of North BengalSiliguri734013India

This study examines the transformative role of self-help groups(SHGs)in the socioeconomic development of rural women in Cooch Behar District,India,and their contribution toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)of the United *** this study,we explored the effect of SHGs on rural women by specifically addressing SDGs,such as no poverty(SDG 1),zero hunger(SDG 2),good health and well-being(SDG 3),quality education(SDG 4),and gender equality(SDG 5).Given this issue,a cross-sectional survey and comparison analyses are needed to assess the socioeconomic development of rural women and their awareness level before and after the participation of rural women in *** survey conducted as part of this study was divided into three sections,namely,demographic characteristics,socioeconomic development,and awareness level,with each focusing on different aspects.A group of 400 individuals who were part of SHGs completed the questionnaire survey *** results showed that the participation of rural women in SHGs significantly improved their socioeconomic development and awareness level,as supported by both mean values and t test *** in SHGs and microcredit programs were the major elements that boosted the socioeconomic development of rural women,which also achieves SDGs 1,2,3,4,and *** study revealed that participation in SHGs and related financial services significantly aided rural women in economically disadvantaged communities in accumulating savings and initiating entrepreneurial ***,participation in SHGs was instrumental in enhancing the self-confidence,self-efficacy,and overall self-esteem of rural ***,doing so enabled them to move more freely for work and other activities and to make family and common decisions.

关键词： Self-help groups Rural women Socioeconomic development Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Microcredit India

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Spatio-temporal variation and relationship between agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity in a semi-arid region of India

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 123-139页

作者： Shibu DAS Kaushal Kumar SHARMA Suranjan MAJUMDER Debabrata DAS indrajit Roy CHOWDHURY Centre for the Study of Regional Development School of Social SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India Department of Geography&Applied Geography University of North BengalDarjeeling734013India Geography Department of Krishnagar Government College Krishnagar741101India

A surging population in Karnataka State,a semi-arid region in India,poses a threat to both food security and livelihood sustainability,necessitating a concentrated effort to bolster agricultural efficiency and achieve United Naton’s Sustainable Development Goal 2(zero hunger).Therefore,in order to address the pressing issue of food scarcity in Karnataka,this study meticulously examined the spatio-temporal variation of agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity in Karnataka,uncovering its significant dependence of agricultural efficiency on irrigation ***,this study used a one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)to ascertain significant differences in the means of agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity during 2004-2005 and *** study showed that the maximum improvement in agricultural efficiency index was recorded in Belgaum(40.24),Gulbarga(24.77),and Yadgir districts(22.92)between 2004-2005 and 2018-2019,which indicated the progressing trend and better scope for agriculture *** the contrary,some districts expressed threat(a decline of above 20.00 of agricultural efficiency index)and needed special care for the improvement of agricultural efficiency in four northern districts(Bagalkot,Bidar,Raichur,and Bijapur),three southern districts(Chitradurga,Chikballapur and Hassan),and two southern districts(Koppal and Gadag)in *** 2004-2005,irrigation intensity varied from 3.19%to 56.39%,with the lowest irrigation intensity in Kodagu District and the highest irrigation intensity in Shimoga *** 2018-2019,irrigation intensity changed from 0.77%to 72.77%,with the lowest irrigation intensity in Kodagu District and the highest in Dakshin Kannad ***,the research scrutinized the complex relationship between agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity,with the correlation coefficient increased from 0.162 during 2004-2005 to 0.255 during *** implies that in both periods,a low positive

关键词： Agricultural efficiency Irrigation intensity One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) Food security Karnataka

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Knowledge,attitude,beliefs and practices in HIV/AIDS in India:identifying the gender and rural-urban differences

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 821-827页

作者： indrajit Hazarika Indian Institute of Public Health

Objective:To promote the use of preventive measures and raise awareness regarding HIV/AIDS in ***:Data from the population-based NFHS-3 survey 2005-06 was *** this study,information collected on 87 961 women aged 15-49 years and 44 717 men aged 15-54 years was used in the final *** data collected was stratified by gender and place of residence. Analyses of the variables related to the outcomes ***,attitude,belief and practices, was conducted using Chi-square test to calculate significant differences among proportions of categorical ***:We found that knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention was low among women and rural *** of the respondents had a non-discriminatory attitude towards HIV positives and majority agreed that children should be educated on HIV/ *** use of condoms and proportion of respondents who had undergone HIV testing was found to be significantly *** found a significant gap in the beliefs regarding ways to avoid ***:There are significant gender and urban-rural differentials in India in terms of knowledge,attitude,beliefs and practices in HIV/*** dissemination in India should be designed in a way that not only raises the level of awareness but also result in behavioral change.

关键词： HIV/AIDS National AIDS Control Program NFHS-3 India

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Energy efficient fault-tolerant multipath routing scheme for wireless sensor networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2013年第6期20卷 42-48,61页

作者： Prasenjit Chanak indrajit Banerjee Department of Information Technology Bengal Engineering and Science University

In wireless sensor network （MSN）, reliability is the main issue to design any routing technique. To design a comprehensive reliable wireless sensor network, it is essential to consider node failure and energy constrain as inevitable phenomena. In this paper we present energy efficient node fault diagnosis and recovery for wireless sensor networks referred as energy efficient fault tolerant multipath routing scheme for wireless sensor network. The scheme is based on multipath data routing. One shortest path is used for main data routing in our scheme and other two backup paths are used as alternative path for faulty network and to handle the overloaded traffic on main channel. Shortest pat data routing ensures energy efficient data routing. Extensive simulation results have revealed that the performance of the proposed scheme is energy efficient and can tolerates more than 60% of fault.

关键词： WSN fault tolerance (FT) load balance routing energy efficiency

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An integrated deterministic-stochastic approach for forecasting the long-term trajectories of COVID-19

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2021年第3期12卷 63-75页

作者： indrajit Ghosh Tanujit Chakraborty Indian Statistical Institute 203 B.T.Road BaranagarKolkata 700108India

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is one of the major health emergencies in decades that affected almost every country in the *** of June 30,2020,it has caused an outbreak with more than 10 million confirmed infections,and more than 500,000 reported deaths *** to the unavailability of an effective treatment(or vaccine)and insufficient evidence regarding the transmission mechanism of the epidemic,the world population is currently in a vulnerable *** daily cases data sets of COVID-19 for profoundly affected countries represent a stochastic process comprised of deterministic and stochastic *** study proposes an integrated deterministic–stochastic approach to forecast the long-term trajectories of the COVID-19 cases for Italy and *** deterministic component of the daily-cases univariate time series is assessed by an extended version of the SIR[Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Protected–Isolated(SIRCX)]model,whereas its stochastic component is modeled using an autoregressive(AR)time series *** proposed integrated SIRCX-AR(ISA)approach based on two operationally distinct modeling paradigms utilizes the superiority of both the deterministic SIRCX and stochastic AR models to find the long-term trajectories of the epidemic *** analysis based on the proposed ISA model shows significant improvement in the long-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases for Italy and Spain in comparison to the ODE-based SIRCX *** estimated Basic reproduction numbers for Italy and Spain based on SIRCX model are found to be 4.78 and 3.25,*** model-based results reveal that the number of cases in Italy and Spain between 11 May,2020–9 June,2020 will be 10,982(6383–15,582)and 13,731(3395–29,013),***,the expected number of daily cases on 9 July,2020 for Italy and Spain is estimated to be 30(0–183)and 92(0–602),respectively.

关键词： COVID-19 Integrated approach Prediction Extended SIR model AR model

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Effect of friction stir processed microstructure on tensile properties of an Al-Zn-Mg-Sc alloy upon subsequent aging heat treatment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第1期34卷 214-218页

作者： indrajit Charit Rajiv S.Mishra Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of North Texas Denton TX 76203 USA

An as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Sc alloy was friction stir processed varying tool related parameters, yielding microstructures with different grain sizes （0.68, 1.8 and 5.5 μm）. Significant increases in room temperature ductility were obtained in these materials with reasonable enhancement in strength. It is demonstrated that the type of microstructure produced by friction stir processing （FSP） has a significant influence on the choice of post-FSP heat treatment design for achieving improved tensile properties. It is also found that the ultrafine grained FSP material could not achieve the desired high strength during the post-FSP heat treatment without grain coarsening, whereas the micro-grained FSP materials could reach such strength levels （〉560 MPa） under conventional age hardening heat treatment conditions.

关键词： Friction stir processing Microstructure Tensile properties Heat treatment

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Electric discharge phenomenon in dielectric and electrolyte medium

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第4期6卷 457-464页

作者： Mukesh Kumar Sindhu Debasish Nandi indrajit Basak Department of Mechanical Engineering. NIT Durgapur. Durgapur 713209. India Department of Mechanical Engineering JIS College of Engineering Kalyani 741235 India

Electric discharge is a common tool nowadays for machining of materials. It may be through a liquid medium or through air. Any metals, hard alloys, and nonmetals can be machined using the energy of electric discharge. In electric discharge machining (EDM), the discharge occurs between two electrodes through a liquid medium and it is applicable only for electrically con ducting materials and alloys. In electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM), the medium is an aqueous electrolyte and it is of two types. In the first type, the discharge occurs between two electrodes. One of the electrodes is the workpiece, and the other is the tool. In the second type, the discharge occurs between one electrode and an electrolyte. It is used for electrically nonconducting materials and the discharge energy is utilized maintaining the nonconducting workpiece in proximity of the discharge. All these electrical discharges are transient phenomena and do not result in a stable discharge in the form of arc. The output parameters depend on the discharge energy that requires precise control to maintain the accuracy of the machining. For micromachining, the control of the discharge is paramount both in terms of energy and pattern. Using various shaped tools, machining media with additives, different types of applied potentials, and supporting mechanical motions are some of the attempts made to improve the machining output. Optimization of these parameters for machining particular materials (or alloys) is a popular field of research. The present work is directed toward the investigation of discharge initiation and development by analyzing the cell current and discharge voltage relationship for both EDM and ECDM. The rectangular direct current (DC) pulse with different frequencies and the duty factor (on-off time ratio) are used for investigation. Observations on the voltage-current relationship are made for the external potential prior to discharge at discharge and above the discharge potenti

关键词： Electric discharge Electric discharge machining (EDM) Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) Pulsed direct current (DC) Duty factor

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The Range Set of Meromorphic Derivatives

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Communications in Mathematical Research 1998年第3期 101-108页

作者：ＩｎｄｒａｊｉｔＬａｈｉｒｉ

ＴｈｅＲａｎｇｅＳｅｔｏｆＭｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃＤｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅｓＩｎｄｒａｊｉｔＬａｈｉｒｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ，ＪａｄａｖｐｕｒＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｃａｌｃｕｔａ－７０００３２，... 详细信息

ＴｈｅＲａｎｇｅＳｅｔｏｆＭｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈｉｃＤｅｒｉｖａｔｉｖｅｓＩｎｄｒａｊｉｔＬａｈｉｒｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ，ＪａｄａｖｐｕｒＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｃａｌｃｕｔａ－７０００３２，Ｉｎｄｉａ）ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＩｎｔ...

关键词： and Phrases Uniqueness Range Set Derivative Meromorphic Function

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Vibration of an infinite inhomogeneous transversely isotropic viscoelastic medium with cylindrical hole

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2008年第3期29卷 367-378页

作者： D.P.Acharya indrajit Roy P.K.Biswas 109/3 Kailash Roy Chowdhury RoadBarrackporeKolkata 700120WBIndia Brahmapara SimuraliNadia 741248WBIndia Department of Mathematics Kanchrapara CollegeKanchraparaWBIndia

This paper investigates the influences of higher order viscoelasticity and the inhomogeneities of the transversely isotropic elastic parameters on the disturbances in an infinite medium, caused by the presence of a transient radial force or twist on the surface of a cylindrical hole with circular cross section. Following Voigt＇s model for higher order viscoelasticity, the nonvanishing stress components valid for a transversely isotropic and higher order viscoelastic solid medium have been deduced in terms of radial displacement component. Considering the power law variation of elastic and viscoelastic parameters, the stress equation of motion has been developed. Solving this equation under suitable boundary conditions, due to transient forces and twists, radial displacement and relevant stress components have been determined in terms of modified Bessel functions. The problem for the presence of transient radial force has been numerically analysed. Modulations of displacement and stresses due to different order of viscoelasticity and inhomogeneity have been graphically depicted. The numerical study of the disturbance caused by the presence of twist on the surface may be similarly done but is not pursued in this paper.

关键词： higher order viscoelasticity inhomogeneity and transversely isotropy transient force and twist radial displacement stress components modified Bessel functions

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