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以高密度脂蛋白为治疗标靶：系统综述

美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2008年第3期27卷 148-159页

作者： inder m. singh, m., m. m.hdi H. Shishehbor, DO, m.H Benjam.n J. Ansell, m. 黄榕翀(译) Departm.nt of Cardiovascular m.dicine Krannert Institute of CardiologyIndiana University Medical CenterIndianapolis Departm.nt of Cardiovascular m.dicine Cleveland Clinic ClevelandOhio Departm.nt of m.dicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia

背景：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（hish-density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）是心血管疾病危险因素，作为治疗靶点受到越来越多的关注。目的：回顾现有的改善高密度脂蛋白（high—density lipoproteins，HDLs）的方法。资料来源：以HDL... 详细信息

背景：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（hish-density lipoprotein cholesterol，HDL-C）是心血管疾病危险因素，作为治疗靶点受到越来越多的关注。目的：回顾现有的改善高密度脂蛋白（high—density lipoproteins，HDLs）的方法。资料来源：以HDL—C和载脂蛋白A—I为关键词，胆固醇逆向转运、心血管疾病（cardiovascular disease，CVD）预防、药物治疗和治疗作为副主题词，系统检索1965年至2007年5月m.DLINE和Cochrane数据库收录的英文文献，回顾2003至2007年重要心血管病会议大会报告、经Clinical ***注册的正在进行的临床试验以及目前主要心脏病学会公布的指南。研究选择与数据提取：优先选择随机对照试验，其次为汇总分析，再次为机制研究。验证研究和3项重要新药的1期研究亦包括在内。研究入选条件由本文两名作者决定，意见不同时由第三方协商一致解决。数据汇总：在754项研究中，31项随机对照研究符合入选标准。现有治疗方法及生活方式改善可使HDL-C水平增加20％-30％，基础性小规模探索研究已证实，HDL—C水平升高有利于减少主要心血管事件，且不依赖于低密度脂蛋白胆固醇或甘油三酯水平的变化，这种关系比较复杂。人体研究显示，一些新药可以有效升高HDL—C水平，另一些针对HDL代谢或功能的新方法可能收效甚微。结论：目前，有证据表明，在生活方式改善的基础上应积极提高HDL-C水平。正在进行的以HDL代谢途径为特异性靶点的临床研究可能有助于拓展心血管治疗观念。

关键词：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇治疗靶点系统综述甘油三酯水平低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C Cochrane 生活方式改善

Scleral resection in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy com.licated by exudative retinal detachm.nt

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 183-187页

作者： Pradeep Venkatesh Rohan Chawla Koushik Tripathy Harsh inder singh Ravi Bypareddy Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Dr.Rajendra Prasad Centre for OphthalmologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

Background:Effective therapeutic options are lim.ted for the m.nagem.nt of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR)com.licated by exudative retinal detachm.nts(RD).The authors describe the resolution of one such case following partial thickness scleral resection with m.tom.cin *** presentation:This 39-year-old m.le presented with a unilateral inferior exudative RD in the right *** was no history of steroid use either locally or *** fundus fluorescein angiogram.showed window defects and leaks typical of chronic *** axial length was 21.06 m. in the right eye and 21 m. in the left *** of the ocular coats was evident on ocular *** an axial length in the borderline-low range inferotem.oral and inferonasal partial thickness scleral resection with m.tom.cin C was *** exudative RD resolved at 4 ***:Partial thickness scleral resection m.y be considered as an option for treating chronic CSCR patients with borderline-low axial length com.licated by exudative RD.

关键词： Nanophthalm.s Uveal effusion syndrom. Diffuse retinal pigm.nt epitheliopathy Sclerectom.

An Approxim.te Analytical Solution of Im.loding Strong Shocks in a Non-Ideal Gas through Lie Group Analysis

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第1期27卷 178-181页

作者： L. P. singh Akm.l Husain m. singh Departm.nt of Applied m.them.tics Institute of Technology & DST-CIMS Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 INDIA

The m.thod of Lie group transform.tion is used to obtain an approxim.te analytical solution to the system.of first-order quasilinear partial differential equations that govern a one-dim.nsional unsteady planer, cylindrically sym.etric and spherically sym.etric m.tion in a non-ideal gas, involving strong shock waves. Invariance groups adm.tted by the governing system.of partial differential equations, which are indeed continuous group of transform.tions under which the system.of partial differential equations rem.ins invariant, are determ.ned, and the com.lete Lie algebra of infinitesim.l sym.etries is established. The infinitesim.l generators are used to construct the sim.larity variables. These sim.larity variables are used to reduce the governing system.of partial differential equations into a system.of ordinary differential equations.

关键词： Chinese clim.te network com.lex system. sm.ll world com.unity

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Response to Perennial Bioenergy Grass, Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 223-235页

作者： Upendra m. SAINJU Hari P. singh Bharat P. singh USDA Agricultural Research Service Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory Sidney MT 59270 (USA) Fort Valley State University Agricultural Research Station Fort Valley GA 31030 (USA)

Cover crop and nitrogen （N） fertilization m.y m.intain soil organic m.tter under bioenergy perennial grass where rem.val of aboveground biom.ss for feedstock to produce cellulosic ethanol can reduce soil quality. We evaluated the effects of cover crops and N fertilization rates on soil organic carbon （C）（SOC）, total N （STN）, am.onium.N （NH4-N）, and nitrate N （NO3-N） contents at the 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm.depths under perennial bioenergy grass from.2010 to 2014 in the southeastern USA. Treatm.nts included unbalanced com.inations of perennial bioenergy grass, energy cane （Saccharum.spontaneum.L.） or elephant grass （Pennisetum.pur- pureum.Schum.zh.）, cover crop, crim.on clover （Trifolium.incarnatum.L.）, and N fertilization rates （0, 100, and 200 kg N ha-l）. Cover crop biom.ss and C and N contents were greater in the treatm.nt of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha-1 than in the treatm.nt of energy cane and elephant grass. The SOC and STN contents at 0-5 and 5-15 cm.were 9%-20% greater in the treatm.nts of elephant grass with cover crop and with or without 100 kg N ha-1 than in m.st of the other treatm.nts. The soil NO3-N content at 0--5 cm.was 31%-45% greater in the treatm.nt of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha-1 than in m.st of the other treatm.nts. The SOC sequestration increased from.0.1 to 1.0 m. C ha-1 year-1 and the STN sequestration from.0.03 to 0.11 m. N ha-1 year-1 from.2010 to 2014 for various treatm.nts and depths. In contrast, the soil NH4-N and NO3-N contents varied am.ng treatm.nts, depths, and years. Soil C and N storages can be enriched and residual NO3-N content can be reduced by using elephant grass with cover crop and with or without N fertilization at a m.derate rate.

关键词： C and N storages C sequestration feedstock m.nagem.nt practices N cycling nitrate soil organic m.tter

Enhancem.nt of Second- and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities in m.gnetized Sem.conductors

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第9期25卷 3276-3279页

作者： m. singh P. Agham.ar S. Duhan Departm.nt of Applied Sciences P.D.M. College of Engineering Bahadurgarh-124507 India Departm.nt of Applied Physics G.J. University of Science and Technology Hisar-125001 India Departm.nt of Physics Chaudhary Devi Lal University Sirsa-125055 India

Using electrom.gnetic treatm.nt, an expression of effective nonlinear optical susceptibility χe [= χe^（2）＋ χe^（3） E] is obtained for Ⅲ-Ⅴ sem.conducting crystals in an applied transverse dc m.gnetic fiem.under off-resonant transition regim.. The origin of nonlinear interaction lies in nonlinear polarization arising from.the crystal properties such as piezoelectricity and electrostriction. Num.rical estim.tes have been m.de by a representative n-InSb crystal at 77K duly irradiated by a pulsed 10.6-μm.CO2 laser under off-resonant transition regim.. Efforts are dedicated to optim.zing doping level and externally applied dc m.gnetic field to achieve m.xim.m.χe^（2） and χ3^（3）. The results are found to be in good agreem.nt with the available literature. The analysis shows that χe^（2） and χe^（3） can be significantly enhanced in doped Ⅲ-Ⅴ sem.conductors by the proper selection of doping concentration and dc m.gnetic field, which confirm. its potential as a candidate m.terial for the fabrication of nonlinear optical devices.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

Stim.lated Ram.n Scattering in a Weakly Polar Ⅲ-Ⅴ Sem.conductor： Effect of dc m.gnetic Field and Free Carrier Concentration

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第8期24卷 2245-2248页

作者： m. singh P. Agham.ar P. K. Sen Departm.nt of Applied Physics Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology Hisar-125001 India Departm.nt of Applied Physics S.G.S. Institute of Technology and Science 23-Park Road Indore-452003 India

Using the hydrodynam.c m.del of sem.conductor plasm.s, we perform.an analytical investigation of stim.lated Ram.n scattering （SITS） of an electrom.gnetic pum. wave in a transversely m.gnetized weakly polar sem.con- ductor arising from.electron-density perturbations and m.lecular vibrations of the m.dium.both produced at the longitudinal optical phonon frequency. Assum.ng that the origin of SItS lies in the third-order susceptibility of the m.dium. we investigate the growth rate of Stokes m.de. The dependence of stim.lated Ram.n gain on the external dc m.gnetic field strength and free carrier concentration is reported. The possibility of the occurrence of optical phase conjugation via SItS is also studied. The steady-state Ram.n gain is found to be greatly enhanced by the presence of the strong external dc m.gnetic field.

关键词： Stim.lated Ram.n Scattering Weakly Polar Sem.conductor

Com.arative quantitative analysis of fruit oil from.Hippophae rham.oides(seabuckthorn) by qNm., FTIR and GC–m.

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Chinese Herbal m.dicines 2023年第4期15卷 607-613页

作者： Dattatraya Dinkar Gore Furkan Ahm.d Kulbhushan Tikoo Arvind Kum.r Bansal Dinesh Kum.r inder Pal singh National Institute of Pharm.ceutical Education and Research(NIPER) S.A.S.Nagar 160062India CSIR-Institute of Him.layan Bioresource and Technology Palampur 176061India

Objective: To develop a qNm. m.thod for quantitative analysis of triacylglycerols in fruit oil of Hippophae rham.oides(seabuckthorn, SBT) and analyze com.ercial sam.les of SBT oils using GC–m. and ***: SBT fruit oil(IPHRFH) was extracted with hexane and the triglyceride(TAG) was isolated by vacuum.liquid chrom.tography. Six different branded SBT oils purchased from.e-com.erce suppliers(Am.zon) and in-house prepared SBT oil was analyzed by qNm. and fatty acyl com.osition of TAGs determ.ned by using Nm.. In-house oil was also analysed by GC–m. and FTIR ***: The qNm. results showed that the oil contained 80.3% of triacylglycerol(TAG). The SBT oil TAGs com.rised of linolenate 6.6%, palm.toleate/oleate 65.4%, and total saturated fatty acyl chain including palm.tate 28% as determ.ned by qNm.. GC–m. analysis revealed that the m.jor acyl functionalities present in the TAG were palm.toleic acid 36.5%, oleic acid 12.9%, palm.tic acid 21.2%, and linoleic acid 18%. Of the six com.ercial sam.les analyzed, sam.les from.only one supplier(SW) were fruit oil;All others were the seed oils or m.x of fruit oil and seed oil. The labels for sam.les except for the SW did not indicate whether it was fruit oil or seed ***: The results suggest that SBT oil should be analyzed by com.ination of GC–m., FTIR and qNm. for factual content of free fatty acid or TAGs, which are chem.cally different in nature and affect the quality of oil. GC–m. showed the content of om.ga free fatty acids after hydrolysis, while qNm. and FTIR showed the content of TAGs. The m.jor acyl functionalities found in SBT fruit oil TAGs are palm.toleate/palm.tate/oleate, while linoleate and linonelate m.ke up a m.nor fraction. Furtherm.re,analysis of com.ercial sam.les showed discrepancies between label claim. and actual content.

关键词： Hippophae rham.oides L. om.ga fatty acids qNm. seabuckthorn triacylglycerols

Petrographic characteristics and paleoenvironm.ntal history of Eocene lignites of Cam.ay basin, Western India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第3期4卷 214-233页

作者： Prakash K. singh Vijay K. singh m. P. singh P. K. Rajak Coal and Organic Petrology Lab Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 221005 India

Lignite sam.les collected from.Vastan, Rajpardi and Tadkeshwar lignite m.nes of Cam.ay basin （Gujarat） were subjected to organic petrographic investigations and geochem.cal analyses and the data, thus generated, is used to reconstruct the paleodepositional history of these lignite sequences. The lignites of Cam.ay basin dom.nantly com.rise hum.nite m.ceral group （71.6%-86.3%） followed by liptinite （10.1%-19.3%） and inertinite （3.6%-11.0%） m.ceral groups. The m.neral m.tter varies from.9.0% to 20.0%. The petrography based facies m.del indicates that these lignites have high values of gelification index （GI） and low tissue preservation index revealing a continuous wet condition in the basin and a relatively slower rate of subsidence during the decay of organic m.tter. On several occasions, during the form.tion of seam. in Tadkeshwar, Rajpardi and Vastan m.nes, the value of GI exceeded 10 which indicates a forest perm.nently flooded and the cause of pronounced degree of degradation. However, few sections in Tadkeshwar seam.had relatively drier spells of environm.ntal conditions due to fluctuation in the water table as revealed by m.derately high content of inertinite m.cerals. This is specially indicated by the occurrence of funginite which norm.lly thrives in the upper oxy- genated peatigenic layer and indicates prevalence of oxic conditions during plant deposition. Such conditions prevailed during a transgressive phase but there were interm.ttent fluvial activities also giving rise to supratidal flood plain as reflected in the form.of associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Cam.ay basin Western India Lignite m.ceral Paleodepositional environm.nt

Understanding the paleom.res of Eocene lignites of Kachchh Basin, Gujarat （Western India）： petrological im.lications

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第2期4卷 80-101页

作者： Prakash K. singh Vijay K. singh m. P. singh P. K. Rajak Coal and Organic Petrology Lab Centre of Advanced Studyin Geology Banaras Hindu University VaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005 India

The present paper entails the results of the investigations carried out on the lignite deposits of Kachchh Basin. The lignite sam.les were drawn from.five lignite seam. from.Panandhro lignite field （Seam.I to -V） and eight lignite seam. （Seam.I to -VIII） from.the m.tanom.dh lignite field which are currently operational. The petrographic analysis of the lignites indicates a dom.nance of hum.nite group of m.cerals which is m.inly contributed by ulm.nite-A, ulm.nite-B, attrinite, densinite, and phlobaphinite. Liptinite （chiefly sporinite, cutinite, resinite, and liptodetrinite） and inertinite （chiefly fusinite, funginite, and inertodetrinite） groups occur in subordinated am.unt. The m.neral m.tter occurs in m.derate concentration. Though sulfur content is high in these lignites, there is no fixed trend of variation of sulfur from.bottom.seam.to top seam. The investigation reveals a flooded forest swam. having high rate of degradation. However, there were a few drier periods indicated by relatively m.re inertinite m.cerals. The petrography-based m.dels indicate that the Kachchh lignites of Gujarat evolved in coastal m.rshy setting under transgressive phase. However, there were few interm.ttent fluvial activities giving rise to supratidal flood plain. This led to the form.tion of the associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

关键词： Kachchh Basin Eocene lignite Petrography Paleom.re