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作者： imran imad 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

1947年8月14日,巴基斯坦宣布独立,并于1948年5月1日与苏联建立外交关系。当时的总理利亚卡特·阿里·汗(Liaquat Ali Khan)受到了苏联和美国的访问邀请,然而,他却选择前往美国,因为他认为美国在对巴基斯坦的援助方面具有更大的潜力。由... 详细信息

1947年8月14日,巴基斯坦宣布独立,并于1948年5月1日与苏联建立外交关系。当时的总理利亚卡特·阿里·汗(Liaquat Ali Khan)受到了苏联和美国的访问邀请,然而,他却选择前往美国,因为他认为美国在对巴基斯坦的援助方面具有更大的潜力。由于冷战的原因,巴基斯坦与苏联的关系经历了多次波动。苏联解体后,俄罗斯试图改善与巴基斯坦的关系,但两国之间仍然存在信任赤字。但在2010年之后,巴基斯坦和俄罗斯之间的关系得到改善,变得更加密切,双方之间的高层外交互访增多,武器贸易与合作增加。基于此,本文分析了2010年至今巴基斯坦与俄罗斯之间的关系演变动态。与此同时,美国和巴基斯坦之间的关系趋于紧张。2010年初,俄罗斯与阿富汗、巴基斯坦、塔吉克斯坦在莫斯科召开了会议,阿富汗是此次会议的焦点。这次会议标志着莫斯科重新参与阿富汗事务,对巴基斯坦来说意义重大,尤其是在印度缺席的情况下。此外,这一事件发生在美国和巴基斯坦在阿富汗问题上的关系日益紧张的特定时期。此后,第二年发生的一系列事件导致伊斯兰堡和华盛顿的关系突然恶化,其中包括美国在巴基斯坦的军事行动导致本·拉登(Osama bin Laden)的死亡,以及2011年11月美国和巴基斯坦军队无意发生的一场跨国枪战,导致多名巴基斯坦军官和军事人员在靠近阿富汗的一个边界点死亡。巴基斯坦陆军参谋长卡亚尼(Ashfaq Kayani)曾于2011年访问莫斯科,并向俄罗斯有效承诺改变了的政策和军事需求。卡亚尼要求莫斯科重新评估其对禁止向巴基斯坦提供武器供应的立场。2012年8月,巴基斯坦空军上将塔希尔·拉菲克·巴特(Tahir Rafiq Butt)对巴基斯坦进行了访问,作为回应,俄罗斯空军上将维克托·邦达列夫(Viktor Bondarev)于2013年4月访问了巴基斯坦。莫斯科花了两年时间解除对巴基斯坦的武器禁运,此举激怒了印度。因为在过去,俄罗斯在武器售卖决策中优先考虑的是印度而非巴基斯坦。武器禁运的解除向巴基斯坦和印度传达了一个明确的信号,即一个改变了的俄罗斯已经出现,它在不断变化的南亚地缘政治中重塑了其战略重点。我的研究问题是,“此前巴基斯坦和俄罗斯的双边关系一直相对薄弱,但为什么自2010年左右以来,它们之间的关系却在稳步提升?”大约自2010年以来,俄罗斯和巴基斯坦之间的关系持续改善,主要是由于与全球权力平衡有关的安全和地缘政治因素。一方面,由于与美国及其盟友的关系不断恶化,俄罗斯不得不越来越多地与新的盟友建立联系。同时,印度与美国之间关系的加强以及印度与巴基斯坦之间日益增长的不信任导致巴基斯坦与美国之前相对稳固的关系逐渐恶化。此外,阿富汗事件为巴基斯坦和俄罗斯之间加强合作增添了更多动力。俄罗斯的外交政策经历了一次调整,其特点是转向亚洲,寻求新的伙伴关系,这表明俄罗斯希望其在全球范围内的参与更加多样化。同时,联合国和上海合作组织等国际组织在塑造巴基斯坦和俄罗斯之间的全球外交与合作方面发挥了重要作用。本文分析的重点是引起这一战略转向的驱动因素,以及战略转向对于地区和全球权力动态的广泛影响,它旨在了解这些有着独特历史轨迹和地缘政治需求的国家是如何找到合作的共同点的。此外,俄罗斯与中国日益加强的战略联系以及与西方国家关系的弱化,影响了其在巴基斯坦的利益,即巴基斯坦为俄罗斯提供了经济机会和战略区域。俄罗斯和巴基斯坦都支持阿富汗问题的包容性政治解决方案,并认识到通过谈判解决问题以实现持久和平的必要性。本文研究的意义在于,俄罗斯在南亚具有的战略和经济利益需要我们对其与南亚的关系进行科学分析。冷战的政治背景、中国不断扩大的作用,以及美国从阿富汗撤军这一系列的事件都凸显了了解巴基斯坦和俄罗斯等国家的利益和双边关系的重要性。分析这些国家如何塑造它们之间的关系,有助于我们更好地理解外交政策,并将其与国际关系之辩联系起来。本研究采用现实主义理论框架来分析巴俄关系。现实主义理论认为,国家是参与国际关系的主要行为体,国家为其在国际上的主导地位和自身安全而竞争,国家的最终目标是实现权力的最大化,而维持权力的平衡就会带来和平。正如斯科特·伯奇尔(Scott Burchill)描述的那样,古典现实主义将国家视为具有独特利益的独立实体,国家受到巩固权力、安全和生存等因素的影响。该理论承认国际体系的无政府性质,即各国依靠自身资源而生存。同时,该理论认为人性和共同的文化价值观等历史因素也在影响国家行为方面发挥着重要作用。对于巴基斯坦和俄罗斯的关系,古典现实主义者认为,两国优先考虑自身的生存和国家利益,从而导致他们之间的政治、军事和经济联系的增长。此外,由于地区动态的变化和美国对印度支持程度的改变,巴基斯坦寻求与俄罗斯建立战略联盟。权力平衡的概念对于理解两国之间的关系至关重要,因为在冷战期间,尽管两国存在着

关键词：巴俄关系双边合作外交政策转变地缘政治动态美国印度阿富汗

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Evaluation of soil loss severity and ecological restoration approach for sustainable agriculture in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1509-1521页

作者： Arshad ASHRAF imran AHMAD Climate Energy and Water Research InstituteNational Agricultural Research Centre(NARC)Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Soil erosion has resulted in removal of the topsoils containing fine soil particles and plant nutrients, causing decrease in soil fertility in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya(HKH) region. The existing production of cereal crop grains has been reduced to one third of the potential crop grains production owing to land degradation and poor farming practices. It is necessary to assess risk of soil loss and identify appropriate controlling measures to address issues of low agriculture productivity and water insecurity in the region. In the present study, severity of soil loss was predicted using Revised Universal Loss Equation(RUSLE) and ecological measures were identified for sustainable mountain agriculture in the HKH region of Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan. Overall 62.6% area was found to have very low risk of soil loss, i.e., 100 t/(ha·yr) in about 6.8% and 7.4% areas respectively. The mean rate of soil loss was about 41.9 t/(ha·yr) in the Hindu Kush, 31.1 t/(ha·yr) in the Himalayas, 18.8 t/(ha·yr) in the Karakoram and overall 29.7 t/(ha·yr) in the three HKH ranges. As such no considerable measures have been adopted by the communities for restoration of the degraded areas except raising fruit/farm trees and supporting limited social forestry for their livelihoods. The slopes cleared for cultivation and susceptible to erosion may be stabilized through sowing/planting of multi-purpose plant species and formation of proper bench terraces. The conservation of forest ecosystem and pastures at higher elevations would help in reducing overland water flow, risk of flash flood hazard and minimizing sediment loads in the downstream. It is essential to adopt site-specific resource conservation techniques and restore possible ecosystem health for sustainable agriculture and economic developm

关键词： Climate change Erodibility Indus basin Land degradation Slope stabilization

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Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHMED Abid HUSSAIN Hanzla SHAHID imran ALI Hafiz Muhammad ALI Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage *** thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM *** addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally *** behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin *** temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally *** comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

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Unraveling the role of NiSnPH@OOH/CC perovskite hydroxide for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol to formate

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2388-2399页

作者： Jing Shao Yusheng Fang Xiaobing Wu Muhammad imran Abdullah Youkun Tao College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Science Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

The sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is the key tailback for hydrogen production from the water *** OER with thermodynamically auspicious methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)can significantly boost the H_(2) and value-added products ***,it is currently challenging to achieve a synergistic manipulation of product selectivity and performance for MOR ***,we report NiSnPH@OOH/CC(CC=carbon cloth)perovskite hydroxide nanosphere as an efficient MOR electrocatalyst with high activity,stability,and selectivity towards methanol oxidation to formate.A surface amorphous layer of defect rich NiOOH was generated in operando by selective Sn leaching with stable perovskite hydroxide bulk structure,which mitigates the oxidative power and optimizes the local coordination environment of the active NiOOH *** situ Raman combined with electrochemical studies further confirm the key active species,NiOOH,generated in operando enhance the MOR and blocking the over oxidation of methanol to CO_(2).As a result,NiSnPH@OOH/CC effectively masks the OER and attains>99%selectivity with 100%Faradic efficiency for *** results of this study show the advances of NiSnPH@OOH/CC as an efficient electrocatalyst for MOR and also suggest its potential applications for various small organic molecules oxidation.

关键词： perovskite hydroxide small organic molecules nickel oxy(hydroxide) value-added products methanol oxidation reaction

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Deep Learning Approach for Hand Gesture Recognition:Applications in Deaf Communication and Healthcare

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 127-144页

作者： Khursheed Aurangzeb Khalid Javeed Musaed Alhussein imad Rida Syed Irtaza Haider Anubha Parashar Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Laboratory Biomechanics and Bioengineering University of Technology of CompiegneCompiegne60200France Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipur303007India

Hand gestures have been used as a significant mode of communication since the advent of human *** facilitating human-computer interaction(HCI),hand gesture recognition(HGRoc)technology is crucial for seamless and error-free *** technology is pivotal in healthcare and communication for the deaf *** significant advancements in computer vision-based gesture recognition for language understanding,two considerable challenges persist in this field:(a)limited and common gestures are considered,(b)processing multiple channels of information across a network takes huge computational time during discriminative feature ***,a novel hand vision-based convolutional neural network(CNN)model named(HVCNNM)offers several benefits,notably enhanced accuracy,robustness to variations,real-time performance,reduced channels,and ***,these models can be optimized for real-time performance,learn from large amounts of data,and are scalable to handle complex recognition tasks for efficient human-computer *** proposed model was evaluated on two challenging datasets,namely the Massey University Dataset(MUD)and the American Sign Language(ASL)Alphabet Dataset(ASLAD).On the MUD and ASLAD datasets,HVCNNM achieved a score of 99.23% and 99.00%,*** results demonstrate the effectiveness of CNN as a promising HGRoc *** findings suggest that the proposed model have potential roles in applications such as sign language recognition,human-computer interaction,and robotics.

关键词： Computer vision deep learning gait recognition sign language recognition machine learning

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Privacy-preserved learning from non-i.i.d data in fog-assisted IoT:A federated learning approach

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 404-415页

作者： Mohamed Abdel-Basset Hossam Hawash Nour Moustafa imran Razzak Mohamed Abd Elfattah Faculty of Computers and Informatics Zagazig UniversityZagazigSharqiyah44519Egypt School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales@ADFACanberraACT2600Australia Deakin University Geelong Waurn Ponds CampusAustralia Computer Science Department Misr Higher Institute for Commerce and ComputersMansoura35511Egypt

With the prevalence of the Internet of Things(IoT)systems,smart cities comprise complex networks,including sensors,actuators,appliances,and cyber *** complexity and heterogeneity of smart cities have become vulnerable to sophisticated cyber-attacks,especially privacy-related attacks such as inference and data poisoning *** Learning(FL)has been regarded as a hopeful method to enable distributed learning with privacypreserved intelligence in IoT *** though the significance of developing privacy-preserving FL has drawn as a great research interest,the current research only concentrates on FL with independent identically distributed(i.i.d)data and few studies have addressed the non-i.i.d *** is known to be vulnerable to Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)attacks,where an adversary can presume to act as a contributor participating in the training process to acquire the private data of other *** paper proposes an innovative Privacy Protection-based Federated Deep Learning(PP-FDL)framework,which accomplishes data protection against privacy-related GAN attacks,along with high classification rates from non-i.i.d ***-FDL is designed to enable fog nodes to cooperate to train the FDL model in a way that ensures contributors have no access to the data of each other,where class probabilities are protected utilizing a private identifier generated for each *** PP-FDL framework is evaluated for image classification using simple convolutional networks which are trained using MNIST and CIFAR-10 *** empirical results have revealed that PF-DFL can achieve data protection and the framework outperforms the other three state-of-the-art models with 3%–8%as accuracy improvements.

关键词： Privacy preservation Federated learning Deep learning Fog computing Smart cities

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Leveraging Augmented Reality,Semantic-Segmentation,and VANETs for Enhanced Driver’s Safety Assistance

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1443-1460页

作者： Sitara Afzal imran Ullah Khan Irfan Mehmood Jong Weon Lee Mixed Reality and Interaction Lab Department of SoftwareSejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Faculty of Engineering and Digital Technologies School of Computer ScienceAI and ElectronicsUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK

Overtaking is a crucial maneuver in road transportation that requires a clear view of the road ***,limited visibility of ahead vehicles can often make it challenging for drivers to assess the safety of overtaking maneuvers,leading to accidents and *** this paper,we consider atrous convolution,a powerful tool for explicitly adjusting the field-of-view of a filter as well as controlling the resolution of feature responses generated by Deep Convolutional Neural Networks in the context of semantic image *** article explores the potential of seeing-through vehicles as a solution to enhance overtaking ***-through vehicles leverage advanced technologies such as cameras,sensors,and displays to provide drivers with a real-time view of the vehicle ahead,including the areas hidden from their direct line of *** address the problems of safe passing and occlusion by huge vehicles,we designed a see-through vehicle system in this study,we employed a windshield display in the back car together with cameras in both *** server within the back car was used to segment the car,and the segmented portion of the car displayed the video from the front *** see-through system improves the driver’s field of vision and helps him change lanes,cross a large car that is blocking their view,and safely overtake other *** network was trained and tested on the Cityscape dataset using semantic *** transparent technique will instruct the driver on the concealed traffic situation that the front vehicle has *** our findings,we have achieved 97.1% *** article also discusses the challenges and opportunities of implementing see-through vehicles in real-world scenarios,including technical,regulatory,and user acceptance factors.

关键词： Overtaking safety augmented reality VANET V2V deep learning

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Tuning structural,electrical,dielectric and magnetic properties of Mg-Cu-Co ferrites via dysprosium(Dy^(3+))doping

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 137-146,I0005页

作者： Maria Akhtar M.S.Hasan Nasir Amin N.A.Morley Muhammad imran Arshad Department of Physics Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Physics The University of Lahore53700Pakistan Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of SheffieldS13JDUK Department of Physics&Astronomy University College LondonUK

In current research work,Dy3+substituted Mg0.5Cu0.25Co0.25Fe2-xDyxO4(0.0≤x≤0.04 with the step interval of 0.01)soft ferrites were synthesized by the sol-gel auto combustion *** prepared samples were characterized by the techniques using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,curre nt-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ)measurement,LCR meter,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)and *** data reveal that the average crystallite size is 49.71 nm and the lattice constant is 0.83703 nm for sample x=*** non-uniform grain growth was demonstrated by micrographs and impurity-free elemental composition was observed from EDX *** DC resistivity has an increasing and decreasing trend in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regions with an increase in ***,the high resistivity is observed with the order of 1010Ω·cm,and the activation energy is 0.944 eV for samples x=*** dielectric parameters including dielectric constant,dielectric losses,and impedance gradually decrease with the increase in frequency from 8 Hz to 8 *** minimum dielectric loss at high frequency is found for sample x=*** coercivity(Hc)and saturation magnetization(Ms)are found in the ranges of 520.82-544.02 Oe and 20.5841-21.1473 emu/g,*** observations confirm that dysprosium(x=0.03)doped MCC-soft ferrites may be applicable in transformer cores,microwave absorbance,and telecommunication devices.

关键词： Soft ferrites DC resistivity Dielectric loss Impedance Coercivity Rare earths

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Acceleration of solar wind particles due to inertial Alfvén waves

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 137-141页

作者： Kiran Batool imran A Khan M Shamir Abdul Kabir S Ayaz Theoretical Physics Department National Centre for PhysicsIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Space Sciences Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Space and Astrophysics Research Lab(SARL) National Center of GIS and Space Applications(NCGSA)Islamabad 44000Pakistan Salam Chair Department of PhysicsGC University LahoreKatchery RoadLahorePunjab 54000Pakistan Department of Space Science and CSPAR University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleAL 35899United States of America

Gaining an understanding of the effects and dynamics of the solar wind is crucial for the study of space weather,Earth's magnetosphere,spacecraft protection,the dynamics of the Solar System,and various other *** show that Alfvén waves effectively transfer energy to resonant *** study demonstrates how inertial Alfvén waves deliver their energy to resonant plasma particles in different solar environments under certain *** analysis shows that inertial Alfvén waves experience more rapid damping with increasing parallel wavenumber,ambient magnetic field strength,and particle number density,coupled with a decrease in *** rate of energy transfer to resonant particles intensifies with higher temperatures and reduced parallel wavenumber and particle number *** with higher initial velocities actively participate in Landau damping,especially in regions with a stronger ambient magnetic field.

关键词： solar wind inertial Alfven waves resonant particles

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Automatic Finding of Brain-Tumour Group Using CNN Segmentation and Moth-Flame-Algorithm,Selected Deep and Handcrafted Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2585-2608页

作者： imad Saud Al Naimi Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid Muhammad lmran Ahmad K.Suresh Manic Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology University Malaysia Perils(UniMAP)Pauh Putra CampusArauPerlis02600Malaysia Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering National University of Science and TechnologyAL HailAL Seeb130Sultanate of Oman Department of Research and Innovation Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)ChennaiTamiNadu602105India

Augmentation of abnormal cells in the brain causes brain tumor(BT),and early screening and treatmentwill reduce its harshness in ***’s clinical level screening is usually performed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)due to its multi-modality *** overall aims of the study is to introduce,test and verify an advanced image processing technique with algorithms to automatically extract tumour sections from brain MRI scans,facilitating improved *** research intends to devise a reliable framework for detecting the BT region in the twodimensional(2D)MRI slice,and identifying its class with improved *** methodology for the devised framework comprises the phases of:(i)Collection and resizing of images,(ii)Implementation and Segmentation of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),(iii)Deep feature extraction,(iv)Handcrafted feature extraction,(v)Moth-Flame-Algorithm(MFA)supported feature reduction,and(vi)Performance *** study utilized clinical-grade brain MRI of BRATS and TCIA datasets for the *** framework segments detected the glioma(low/high grade)and glioblastoma class *** work helped to get a segmentation accuracy of over 98%with VGG-UNet and a classification accuracy of over 98%with the VGG16 *** study has confirmed that the implemented framework is very efficient in detecting the BT in MRI slices with/without the skull section.

关键词： Brain tumour VGG-UNet VGG16 moth-flame-algorithm classification

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