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Physiological and biochemical appraisal for mulching and partial rhizosphere drying of cotton

Journal of Arid Land 2019年第5期11卷 785-794页

作者： Rashid IQBAL Muhammad A S RAZA Muhammad F SALEEM imran h khan Salman AhMAD Muhammad S ZAhEER Muhammad U ASLAM imran hAIDER Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesIslamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210000China

Water is the main factor for the healthy life of *** of the main negative effects of climate change is the increasing scarcity of water that is lethal for ***,for water deficit regions(arid and semi-arid),drought is the main factor responsible for low production of agriculture,especially for *** efforts have been and are being made to find alternatives to water saving *** study aimed to examine the effects of partial rhizosphere drying(PRD,half of the root system irrigated at one event,and the other half irrigated in the next event,and so on)with and/or without various mulching treatments on physiological and biochemical traits of *** explore this objective,we laid out experiments in completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in the Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Pakistan in *** factors included were four mulching treatments(M0,no mulching;M1,black plastic mulching;M2,wheat straw mulching;and M3,cotton sticks mulching)and two irrigation levels(I0,control(full irrigation);and I1,PRD).Fisher's analysis of variance among means of treatments was compared using least significant difference test at 5% probability *** revealed that the maximum plant height,leaf area,leaf gas exchange(photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance),chlorophyll,proline and total sugar contents,and enzyme activities were higher under M2 than under other three mulching *** for irrigation levels,higher values of plant height,photosynthesis and water related parameters(leaf water potential,leaf osmotic potential,leaf turgor potential,etc.)were *** of total sugar and proline and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher in PRD-treated plants than in control *** was concluded that combined application of PRD and mulching was more effective than the rest of the treatments used in the *** study can be conducted in the field by applying irrigation water in alternate row

关键词： antioxidant enzymes mulching partial rhizosphere drying photosynthetic rate stomatal conductance

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Review of Techniques for Integrating Security in Software Development Lifecycle

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 139-172页

作者： hassan Saeed imran Shafi Jamil Ahmad Adnan Ahmed khan Tahir Khurshaid imran Ashraf College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46604Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abasyn University Islamabad CampusIslamabad45510Pakistan Military College of Signals National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46600Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea

Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our *** conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up *** purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way *** review follows Kitchenham’s review *** review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and *** the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation *** risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation *** a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat *** review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the *** estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software *** accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep *** is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are *** challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security *** achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.

关键词： Software development lifecycle systematic literature review critical software security risks national institute of standards and technology DevSecOps open web application security project McGraw’s touch points

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Transport mechanism in chemically reactive hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic micro-organisms over a curved oscillatory surface

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 177-192页

作者： M.NAVEED M.imran T.ASGhAR Z.ABBAS Department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Education Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

This paper examines the transport analysis, including both heat transfer and mass transfer, in hybrid nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms towards a curved oscillatory surface. The influence of magnetic fields is also inspected in terms of their physical characteristics. To depict the phenomena of transport, modified versions of both Fick's and Fourier's laws are used. Additionally, the characteristics of both heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions are also incorporated. Utilizing a curvilinear coordinate system, the flow problem is formulated as partial differential equations(PDEs)for momentum, concentration, microorganism field, and energy. An analytical solution to the obtained flow equations is achieved utilizing the homotopy analysis method(hAM).The effects of significant flow parameters on the pressure and microorganism fields, velocity, oscillation velocity, concentration, and temperature distributions are shown via graphs. Furthermore, the variations in skin friction, mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and local motile number due to different involved parameters are presented in tables and are analyzed in detail. Graphical results indicate that the curves of velocity and temperature fields are enhanced as the values of the solid volume fraction variables *** is also verified that the concentration rate field decreases as the values of the homogeneous reaction strength parameter and the radius of curvature parameter increase, and it increases with the Schmidt number and the heterogeneous reaction strength *** outcomes show a favorable response of the motile number to advanced values of the Peclet number, the Schmidt number, the microorganism difference parameter, and the bio-convective Lewis number.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid oscillating curved stretchable sheet gyrotactic microorganism Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux chemical reaction analytical solution O368

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Exploring Nanoscale Perovskite Materials for Next‑Generation Photodetectors:A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 46-108页

作者： Xin Li Sikandar Aftab Maria Mukhtar Fahmid Kabir Muhammad Farooq khan hosameldin helmy hegazy Erdi Akman State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology National University of Defense TechnologyHefei 230037AnhuiPeople’s Republic of China Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology Hefei 230037AnhuiPeople’s Republic of China Nanhu Laser Laboratory Changsha 410015HunanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada Department of Electrical Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Central Labs King Khalid UniversityAlQura’aP.O.Box 96061413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Scientific and Technological Research and Application Center Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University70100 KaramanTurkey

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection *** materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(PDs)due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis *** review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures,including quantum dots,nanosheets,nanorods,nanowires,and *** a thorough analysis of recent literature,the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread *** addition,it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection *** review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability,making it a valuable resource for researchers.

关键词： Nanoscale perovskites Photodetectors Nanosheets Nanorods Nanowires Quantum dots Nanocrystals

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A Synergistic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method for Educational Institutions Evaluation Using Similarity Measures of Possibility Pythagorean Fuzzy hypersoft Sets

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 501-530页

作者： Khuram Ali khan Saba Mubeen Ishfaq Atiqe Ur Rahman Salwa El-Morsy Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah51452Saudi Arabia

Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be *** concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFhSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such *** study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFhSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and *** results related to these operations are also modified for ***,the similarity measures between pPyFhSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and ***,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested *** algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFhSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical ***,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFhSS is observed through structural comparison.

关键词： hypersoft set Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set computational complexity multi-attribute decision-making optimization similarity measures uncertainty

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Secure Channel Estimation Using Norm Estimation Model for 5G Next Generation Wireless Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1151-1169页

作者： Khalil Ullah Song Jian Muhammad Naeem Ul hassan Suliman khan Mohammad Babar Arshad Ahmad Shafiq Ahmad Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelianAbbottabad22500Pakistan Department of Computing and Electronics Engineering Middle East CollegeMuscat124Oman Department of CS&IT Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology MangHaripur22621Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia

The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile *** networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and *** in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve highspeed transmission,cell planning,and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality,the metaverse,smart cities,smart health,and autonomous *** continuously improves its network functionality to support these *** input multiple output(MIMO)technology offers spectral efficiency,dependability,and overall performance in *** article proposes a secure channel estimation technique in MIMO topology using a norm-estimation model to provide comprehensive insights into protecting NextG network components against adversarial *** technique aims to create long-lasting and secure NextG networks using this extended *** viability of MIMO applications and modern AI-driven methodologies to combat cybersecurity threats are explored in this ***,the proposed model demonstrates high performance in terms of reliability and accuracy,with a 20%reduction in the MalOut-RealOut-Diff metric compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Next generation networks massive mimo communication network artificial intelligence 5G adversarial attacks channel estimation information security

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Effect of kappa distribution on the damping rate of the obliquely propagating magnetosonic mode

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第3期20卷 43-48页

作者： imran Ali khan G MURTAZA Department of Physics G. C. University Lahore Katchery Road 54000 Lahore Pakistan

Data from spacecrafts suggest that space plasma has an abundance of suprathermal particles which are controlled by the spectral index κ when modeled on kappa particle velocity distribution. In this paper, considering homogeneous plasma, the effect of integer values of κ on the damping rate of an obliquely propagating magnetosonic（MS） wave is studied. The frequency of the MS wave is assumed to be less than ion cyclotron frequency, i.e.,iw（28）w. Under this assumption, the dispersion relation is investigated both numerically and analytically, and it is found that the real frequency of the wave is not a sensitive function of κ, but the imaginary part of the frequency is. It is also shown that for those values of κ where a large number of resonant particles participate in wave–particle interaction, the wave is heavily damped, as expected. The possible application of the results to the solar wind is discussed.

关键词： magnetosonic wave suprathermal plasma wave-particle interactions damping of wave

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Landsat based distribution mapping of high-altitude peatlands in hindu Kush himalayas–a case study of Broghil Valley, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第1期17卷 42-49页

作者： Ahmad khan Ahmad SAID imran ULLAh Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20770USA True Green Office 20 Raffaele RoadPlymouthMA 02360USA Departments of Paediatrics and Biochemistry University of TexasSouthwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75235USA

In the alpine regions of hindu Kush,himalayas and Karakorum, climatic and topographic conditions can support the formation of peat,important for the livelihood of the local communities,and ecological services alike. These peatlands are a source of fuel for the local community, habitat for nesting birds, and water regulation at source for ***-based surveys of high-altitude peatlands are not only difficult, but also expensive and time consuming. Therefore, a method using cost-effective remote sensing technology is required. In this article we assessed the distribution and extent of highaltitude peatlands in a 2000 ha area of Broghil Valley using Landsat 8 data. The composite image was trained using a priori knowledge of the area, and classified into peatland and non-peatland land covers using a supervised decision tree algorithm. The Landsat-based classification map was compared with field data collected with a differential GPS. This comparison suggests 82% overall accuracy, which is fairly high for high altitude areas. The method was successfully applied and has the potential to be replicated for other areas in Pakistan and the highaltitude regions of the neighbouring Asian countries.

关键词： Peatland distribution Chitral Qurumbar Wakhi hindu Kush Yarkhun

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Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of certain Morus species

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2010年第12期11卷 973-980页

作者： Mohammad imran hamayun khan Mohibullah ShAh Rasool khan Faridullah khan Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar Department of Chemistry Islamia College University Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex

In the present work,the fruits of four Morus species,namely Morus alba (white mulberry),Morus nigra (black mulberry),Morus laevigata (large white fruit),and Morus laevigata (large black fruit),were analyzed for proximate composition,essential minerals,and antioxidant *** this purpose,the ripe fruits were collected from the northern regions of *** major nutritional components moisture,ash,lipids,proteins,fibres,carbohydrates,and total sugar) were found to be in the suitable range along with good computed *** dry weight,ph,and titratable acidity (percent citric acid) were (17.60±1.94)–(21.97±2.34) mg/100 g,(3.20±0.07)–(4.78±0.15),and (0.84±0.40)%–(2.00±0.08)%,*** riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3) contents were recorded in all the fruits,while ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was in the range from (15.20±1.25) to (17.03±1.71) mg/100 g fresh weight (FW).The mulberry fruits were rich with regard to the total phenol and alkaloid contents,having values of (880±7.20)–(1650±12.25) mg/100 g FW and (390±3.22)–(660±5.25) mg/100 g FW,*** quantities of essential macro-(K,Ca,Mg,and Na) and micro-(Fe,Zn,and Ni) elements were found in all the fruits.K was the predominant element with concentration ranging from (1270±9.36) to (1731±11.50) mg/100 g,while Ca,Na,and Mg contents were (440±3.21)–(576±7.37),(260±3.86)–(280±3.50),and (240±3.51)–(360±4.20) mg/100 g,*** decreasing order of micro-minerals was Fe>Zn>*** radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of fruits was concentration-dependent and showed a correlation with total phenolic constituents of the respective *** on the results obtained,mulberry fruits were found to serve as a potential source of food diet and natural antioxidants.

关键词： Mulberry fruits Chemical composition 2 2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPh) radical scavenging activity Nutritional value. Pakistan

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Physicochemical characteristics of various milk samples available in Pakistan

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第7期9卷 546-551页

作者： Mohammad imran hamayun khan Syed Shah hASSAN Rasool khan Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar Peshawar-25120 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat-26000 Pakistan

We report physicochemical characteristics of various kinds of liquid milk commercially available in Pakistan in comparison with those of fresh natural milk from animals. Milk samples were collected from local markets at Peshawar, Pakistan, and analyzed for their physical features, including moisture, total solids, specific gravity, conductivity, viscosity and titratable acidity (lactic acid equivalent), and chemical components and macro-minerals, including total protein, casein, lactose, ash and minerals (Na, K and Mg). These items were compared with the physicochemical characteristics of the fresh natural milk samples from buffalo, cow and goat. The results were also compared with reported nutritional quality of milk from various countries and World health Organization (WhO) standards. We found that all the physical features and chemical components of commercially available milk in Pakistan markets meet WhO's requirements, except for Na, K, Ca and Mg, which are below the standards.

关键词： Milk Physicochemical characteristics Pakistan

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