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Biomate.ials for spinal cord re.air

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Ne.roscie.ce.Bulle.in 2013年第4期29卷 445-459页

作者： Agne. e. Hagge.ty martin oude.a De.artme.ts of Bioe.gine.ring University of Pittsburgh De.artme.ts of the.Ce.te. for the.Ne.ral Basis of Cognition University of Pittsburgh De.artme.ts of Physical Me.icine.and Re.abilitation University of Pittsburgh De.artme.ts of Ne.robiology University of Pittsburgh

Spinal cord injury （SCI） re.ults in pe.mane.t loss of function le.ding to ofte. de.astating pe.sonal, e.onomic and social proble.s. A contributing factor to the.pe.mane.ce.of SCI is that damage. axons do not re.e.e.ate. which pre.e.ts the.re.e.tablishme.t of axonal circuits involve. in function. Many groups are.working to de.e.op tre.tme.ts that addre.s the.lack of axon re.e.e.ation afte. SCI. The.e.e.ge.ce.of biomate.ials for re.e.e.ation and incre.se. collaboration be.we.n e.gine.rs, basic and translational scie.tists, and clinicians hold promise.for the.de.e.opme.t of e.fe.tive.the.apie. for SCI. A ple.hora of biomate.ials is available.and has be.n te.te. in various mode.s of SCI. Conside.ing the.clinical re.e.ance.of contusion injurie., we.primarily focus on polyme.s that me.t the.spe.ific crite.ia for addre.sing this type.of injury. Biomate.ials may provide.structural support and/or se.ve.as a de.ive.y ve.icle.for factors to arre.t growth inhibition and promote.axonal growth. De.igning mate.ials to addre.s the.spe.ific ne.ds of the.damage. ce.tral ne.vous syste. is crucial and possible.with curre.t te.hnology. He.e. we.re.ie. the.most promine.t mate.ials, the.r optimal characte.istics, and the.r pote.tial role. in re.airing and re.e.e.ating damage. axons following SCI.

关键词： spinal cord injury axon re.e.e.ation biode.radable.mate.ials e.trace.lular matrix prote.ns functionalre.ove.y growth factor guidance injury and re.air spinal motor ne.ron

Pre.ator-pre. distance.and late.cy to fle. from an immobile.pre.ator： functional re.ationship and importance

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 117-122页

作者： William e. COOPe. JR Jose.martin De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA De.artame.to de.e.ologia e.olutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid Spain

Whe. an immobile.pre. has de.e.te. an immobile.pre.ator ne.rby, pre.ation risk is gre.te. whe. the.pre.ator is close.. Conse.ue.tly, pre. fle. with shorte. late.cy as standing distance.（pre.ator-pre. distance.whe. both are.still） de.re.se.. Since.it was first re.orte. in 2009, this re.ationship has be.n confirme. in the.fe. spe.ie. studie.. Howe.e., little.is known about the.functional re.ationship be.we.n standing distance.and late.cy to fle. （LF）. We.hypothe.ize. that LF incre.se. as standing distance.incre.se. at short distance., but re.che. a plate.u at longe. distance. whe.e.pre. can e.cape.re.iably if attacke.. We.simulate. immobile.pre.ators by moving slowly into positions ne.r stripe. plate.u lizards Sce.oporus virgatus, stopping and the. re.aining immobile. and re.ording LF from the.stopping time. LF incre.se. from shorte. to longe. standing distance. in a de.e.e.ating manne.. The.re.ationship was concave.downward, and LF was indistinguishable.among the.longe. standing distance.groups. Late.cy to fle. appe.rs to re.ch a plate.u or approach an asymptotic value.as stand- ing distance.incre.se.. The.e.fe.t size.of standing distance.was large. indicating that S. virgatus se.si- tive.y adjusts LF to the.le.e. of risk associate. with standing distance. Re.ationships be.we.n risk asse.sme.t and the.re.ical zone. associate. with risk, its asse.sme.t by pre., and e.cape.de.isions are.discusse.. e.fe.t size. of standing distance.we.e.substantial to large.in all studie. to date. indicating that standing distance.is an important pre.ation risk factor whe. both pre.ator and pre. are.immobile.

关键词： antipre.atory be.avior e.cape.be.avior late.cy to fle. squamata standing distance.

e.fe.ts of absolute.fasting on re.roduction and survival of the.invasive.apple.snail Pomace. canaliculata in its native.range

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 369-375页

作者： Nicolas e. TAMBURI Pablo R. martin INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICe.) Universidad Nacional del Sur Departamento de Biologla Bioquimica y Farmacia San Juan 670 8000 Bahia Blanca Argentina

A South Ame.ican fre.hwate. gastropod, the.apple.snail Pomace. canaliculata, has be.ome.a drive. of e.osyste.ic change. in we.lands and an important rice.pe.t afte. its introduction to various parts of the.world, mainly Asia. The.obje.tive.of this study was to study the.e.fe.t of an abrupt inte.ruption in food availability in the.short te.m （up to 4 we.ks） and long te.m （up to 8 months） on survival and re. productive.activity. The.main re.ults indicate.that short-te.m fasting mainly affe.ts the.survival of male., but only whe. the. are.raise. toge.he. with fe.ale., probably due.to a gre.te. mate.se.rching activity that incre.se. mortality in the.individuals with lowe. re.e.ve.. The.numbe. of copulating snails or e.g-laying fe.ale. shows an abrupt drop whe. fasting and a rapid re.ove.y afte. the.food supply is re.tore.. The.strate.y of discontinuing re.roductive.activity prioritize. e.e.gy conse.vation for the.survival of the.fe.ale.. Inte.population variation in re.istance.to starvation was obse.ve. in adults, which can be.e.plaine. to some.e.te.t by the.food availability that the. e.pe.ie.ce. in the.r natural e.vironme.t. No inte.populational diffe.e.ce. in survival we.e.se.n in hatchlings. The.me.n maximum value. of survival unde. starvation we.e.52.6 days in hatchlings and the.3.3% of adults survive.ove. than 200 days, which may be.a re.e.ant trait in dispe.sal and e.tablishme.t in ne. habitats.

关键词： GASTROPODA POMACe. canaliculata We.LANDS STARVATION e.e.GY conse.vation

Product de.omposition strate.y for optimization of supply chain planning

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Frontie.s of e.gine.ring Manage.e.t 2018年第4期5卷 466-478页

作者： Braulio BRUNAUD Maria Paz OCHOA ignacio e.grossmann De.artme.t of Che.ical e.gine.ring Carnegie Mellon University

Optimization of large.scale.supply chain planning mode.s re.uire. the.application of de.omposition strate.ie. to re.uce.the.computational e.pe.se. Two major options are.to use.e.the. spatial or te.poral Lagrange.n de.omposition. In this pape., to furthe. re.uce.the.computational e.pe.se.a nove. de.omposition sche.e.by products is pre.e.te.. The.de.omposition is base. on a re.ormulation of knapsack constraints in the.proble.. The.ne. approach allows for simultane.us de.omposition by products and by time.pe.iods, e.abling the.ge.e.ation of a large.numbe. of subproble.s, that can be.solve. by using paralle. computing. The.case.study shows that the.propose. product de.omposition e.hibits similar pe.formance.as the.te.poral de.omposition, and that se.e.ting diffe.e.t orde.s of products and aggre.ating the.linking constraints can improve.the.e.ficie.cy of the.algorithm.

关键词： supply chain planning Lagrange.n de.omposition mixe.-inte.e. programming

Skillful Se.sonal Fore.asts of Summe. Surface.Air Te.pe.ature.in We.te.n China by Global Se.sonal Fore.ast Syste. Ve.sion 5

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2018年第8期35卷 59-68页

作者： Chaofan LI Riyu LU Philip e. Be.T Adam A. SCAIFe.Nicola martin Ce.te. for Monsoon Syste. Re.e.rch Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China State.Ke. Laboratory of Nume.ical Mode.ling for Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. and Ge.physical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Unive.sity of the.Chine.e.Acade.y of Scie.ce. Beijing 100029 China Me. Office.Hadle. Ce.tre FitzRoy Road Exeter EX1 3PB UK Colle.e.of e.gine.ring Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter Devon EX4 4QF UK

Variations of surface.air te.pe.ature.（SAT） are.ke. in affe.ting the.hydrological cycle. e.osyste.s and agriculture.in we.te.n China in summe.. This study asse.se. the.se.sonal fore.ast skill and re.iability of SAT in we.te.n China, using the.GloSe.5 ope.ational fore.ast syste. from the.UK Me. Office. Use.ul pre.ictions are.de.onstrate., with conside.able.skill ove. most re.ions of we.te.n China. The.te.poral corre.ation coe.ficie.ts of SAT be.we.n mode. pre.ictions and obse.vations axe.large. than 0.6, in both northwe.te.n China and the.Tibe.an Plate.u. The.e.are.two important source. of skill for the.e.pre.ictions in we.te.n China： inte.annual variation of SST in the.we.te.n Pacific and the.SST tre.d in the.tropical Pacific. The.tropical SST change.in the.re.e.t two de.ade., with a warming in the.we.te.n Pacific and cooling in the.e.ste.n Pacific, which is re.roduce. we.l by the.fore.ast syste., provide. a large.contribution to the.skill of SAT in northwe.te.n China. Additionally, the.inte.annual variation of SST in the.we.te.n Pacific give. rise.to the.re.iable.pre.iction of SAT around the.Tibe.an Plate.u. It modulate. conve.tion around the.Maritime.Contine.t and furthe. modulate. the.variation of SAT on the.Tibe.an Plate.u via the.surrounding circulation. This proce.s is e.ide.t irre.pe.tive.of de.re.ding both in obse.vations and the.mode. pre.ictions, and acts as a source.of skill in pre.ictions for the.Tibe.an Plate.u. The.pre.ictability and re.iability de.onstrate. in this study is pote.tially use.ul for climate.se.vice. providing e.rly warning of e.tre.e.climate.e.e.ts and could imply use.ul e.onomic be.e.its.

关键词： se.sonal fore.ast we.te.n China surface.air te.pe.ature pre.ictability warming tre.d

Psychophysics of the.hove.fly: cate.orical or continuous color discrimination?

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Curre.t Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 483-492页

作者： Le. Hannah Adrian G. Dye. Jair e. Garcia Alan Dorin martin Burd School of Biological Scie.ce. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Hawke.bury Institute.for the.e.vironme.t Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales 2753 Australia School of Me.ia and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia De.artme.t of Physiology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Faculty of Information Te.hnology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

The.e.is incre.sing inte.e.t in flie. as pote.tially important pollinators. Flie. are.known to have.a comple. visual syste., in e.uding 4 spe.tral classe. of photore.e.tors that con tribute.to the.pe.ce.tion of color. Our curre.t unde.standing of how color signals are.pe.ce.ve. by flie. is base. on data for the.blowfly Lucilia sp., which afte. be.ng conditi one. to re.arde. mono chromatic light stimuli, showe. e.ide.e. of a cate.orical color visual syste.. The.re.ulting oppone.t fly color space.has 4 distinct cate.orie., and has be.n use. to inte.pre. how some.fly pollinators may pe.ce.ve.flowe. colors. Howe.e., formal proof that flowe. flie. (Syrphidae. only use.a simple. cate.orical color proce.s re.ains outstanding. In fre.-flying e.pe.ime.ts, we.te.te. the.hove.fly e.istalis te.ax, a Bate.ian mimic of the.hone.be., that re.e.ve. its nutrition by visiting flowe.s. Using a range.of broadband similar-dissimilar color stimuli pre.iously use. to te.t color pe.ce.tion in pollinating hyme.opte.an spe.ie., we.e.aluate. if the.e.are.ste.p change. in be.avioral choice. with continuously incre.sing color diffe.e.ce. as might be.e.pe.te. by cate.orical color proce.sing. Our data re.e.le. that color choice. by the.hove.fly are.me.iate. by a continuous monotonic function. Thus, the.e.flie. did not use.a cate.orical proce.sing, but showe. e.ide.e. of a color discrimination function similar to that obse.ve. in se.e.al be. spe.ie.. We.the.e.ore.e.pirically provide.data for the.minimum color distane. that can be.discriminate. by hove.flie. in fly color space. e.abling an improve. un de.standi ng of plant-poll in ator inte.actions with a non-mode. inse.t spe.ie..

关键词： chromatic signal color mode. floral color fly pollination plant-pollinator vision

Facile.Synthe.is of Naphtho[2,3-dJthiazole., Naphtho[2,3-e.-[1,3,4]thiadiazine. and Bis（naphtho[2,3-d]thiazolyl）coppe.（ll） De.ivative. from He.e.oylthiose.icarbazide.

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Chine.e.Journal of Che.istry 2016年第8期34卷 814-822页

作者： Alaa A. Hassan Nasr K. Mohame. Lamiaa e. Abd e.-Hale.m Ste.an Brase.martin Nie.e. Che.istry De.artme.t Faculty of Science Minia University 61519 EI-Minia A. R. Egypt Institute.of Organic Che.istry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Laboratory of Inorganic Che.istry Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O.Box55 (A. I. Virtasenaukio 1) 00014 Helsinki Finland

A one.ste. synthe.is protocol for the.conve.sion of he.e.oylthiose.icarbazide. and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone.to naphtho[2,3-d]thiazole., naphtho[2,3-e.[1,3,4]thiadiazine. as we.l as bis(naphtho[2,3-d]thiazolyl)coppe.(II) de.ivative. is de.cribe.. The.products we.e.conclusive.y confirme. by single.crystal X-ray analyse.. A me.hanism for the.formation of the.products is pre.e.te..

关键词： he.e.oylthiose.icarbazide. 2 3-dichloro-1 4-naphthoquinone naphtho[2 3-d]thiazole. naphtho[2 3-e.[1 3 4]thiadiazine. bis(naphtho[2 3-d]thiazolyl)coppe.(II) de.ivative.

e.olving landscape.and nove. tre.tme.ts in, me.astatic castrate.re.istant prostate.cance.

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第3期15卷 342-349页

作者： Paul J Tore. martin e.Gle.ve De.artme.t of Urologic Scie.ce. Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V5Z 1M9 Canada

Tre.tme.t options for castrate.re.istant prostate.cance. （CRPC） have.advance. in re.e.t ye.rs and significantly improve. the.Outlook for patie.ts with this aggre.sive.and le.hal dise.se. Furthe. unde.standing of the.biology＇of CRPC has le. to se.e.al ne. targe.e. the.apie. and continue. to e.phasize.the.importance.of androge. re.e.tor （AR） dire.te. the.apy. The.tre.tme.t landscape.is rapidly changing and furthe. biologically rationale. biomarke.-base. ongoing clinical trials are.ne.de.. We.re.ie. the.re.e.t re.ults of major clinical trials in CRPC. Ne. and inve.tigational age.ts now in clinical e.aluation are.re.ie.e. including inhibitors of angioge.e.is, microtubule., chape.one., AR and intrace.lular kinase., as we.l as immunothe.apy, radiopharmace.ticals and bone.targe.e. age.ts. The.re.e.t improve.e.t in prognosis for CRPC brings continue. optimism for furthe. improve.e.ts. Thoughtful planning of clinical trials and furthe. unde.standing of the.me.hanisms of re.istance.to the.apie. will allow for continue. progre.s in patie.t care.

关键词： prostate.cance. tre.tme.t re.istance androge. re.e.tor antagonists mole.ular targe.s

On ultrahigh te.pe.ature.crustal me.amorphism:Phase.e.uilibria,trace.e.e.e.t the.mome.ry,bulk composition,he.t source.,time.cale. and te.tonic se.tings

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Ge.scie.ce.Frontie.s 2015年第3期6卷 311-356页

作者： David e.Ke.se. martin Hand De.artme.t of Ge.logy and Ge.physics School of Physical SciencesThe University of Adelaide

Ultrahigh te.pe.ature.（UHT） me.amorphism is the.most the.mally e.tre.e.form of re.ional crustal me.amorphism, with te.pe.ature. e.ce.ding 900 ℃. UHT crustal me.amorphism is re.ognise. in more.than 50 localitie. globally in the.me.amorphic rock re.ord and is acce.te. as ＇normal＇ in the.spe.trum of re.ional crustal proce.se.. UHT me.amorphism is Wpically ide.tifie. on the.basis of diagnostic mine.al asse.blage. such as sapphirine.＋ quartz, orthopyroxe.e.＋ sillimanite.＋ quartz and osumilite.in Mg-Al- rich rock compositions, now usually couple. with pse.dose.tion-base. the.mobarome.ry using inte.nally-consiste.t the.modynamic data se.s and/or Al-in-Orthopyroxe.e.and te.nary fe.dspar the.mobarome.ry. Significant progre.s in the.unde.standing of re.ional UHT me.amorphism in re.e.t ye.rs include.：（1） de.e.opme.t of a fe.ric iron activity-composition the.modynamic mode. for sapphirine. allowing phase.diagram calculations for oxidise. rock compositions; （2） quantification of UHT conditions via trace.e.e.e.t the.mome.ry, with Zr-in-rutile.more.commonly re.ording highe. te.pe.ature. than Ti-in-zircon. Rutile.is like.y to be.stable.at pe.k UHT conditions whe.e.s zircon may only grow as UHT rocks are.cooling. In addition, the.e.te.t to which Zr diffuse. out of rutile.is controlle. by che.ical communication with zircon; （3） more.fully re.ognising and utilising te.pe.ature.de.e.de.t the.mal prope.tie. of the.crust, and the.possible.range.of he.t source. causing me.amorphism in ge.dynamic mode.ling studie.; （4） re.ognising that crust partially me.te. e.the. in a pre.ious e.e.t or e.rlie. in a long-duration e.e.t has gre.te. capacity than fe.tile. unme.te. crust to achie.e.UHT conditions due.to the.he.t e.e.gy consume. by partial me.ting re.ctions; （5） more.strongly linking U-Pb ge.chronological data from zircon and monazite.to P-T points or path se.me.ts through using Y ＋ Re. partitioning be.we.n acce.sory and major phase., as we.l as phase.diagrams incorporating Zr and Re.; and （

关键词： Sapphirine.+ quartz P-T pse.dose.tions Zr-in-rutile.Ti-in-zircon U-Pb ge.chronology Subduction