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Comparative Effect of Adding Synthetic Citric Acid to Natural Lemon Juice (Citrus aurantiifolia) on the Stability of Hibiscus Drinks Stored at 4°C and 37°C

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第6期14卷 495-508页

作者： Papa Guedel Faye ibrahima Diouf Medoune Gaye Sarr Oumou Hany Sourang Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cisse Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) Polytechnic School of Dakar Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology Department Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Center for Studies on Food Security and Functional Molecules (CESAM) Dakar Senegal

The general objective of the work is to compare the effect of the addition of synthetic citric acid compared to the addition of natural fruit juice of Citrus aurantiifolia on the conservation of drink based on red chalice H. sabdariffa. The tests were carried out over a period of 5 weeks at 4°C and 37°C with seven batches of beverage samples prepared at the rate of a calyx/water ratio of 1/40 (kg·kg-1) and added respectively citric acid at 1, 2 and 4 g·L-1 and lemon juice at 10, 20 and 40 mL·L-1. The characterization of the different batches of beverages was carried out from day one. A follow-up of the residual anthocyanin content and the intensity of the red coloring were carried out over five weeks. The anthocyanin concentration was determined by the pH-differential method. The red color degradation index is determined based on the CIELAB color system (L*, a*, b* and L*). R and Minitab 18 software was used for data processing. The results of the monitoring of the parameters showed that the concentration of 1 g AC L-1 retains 2.7 mg more of the anthocyanins than adding 10 mL JC L-1 and longer maintains red color when stored at 4°C and 37°C/5 weeks. The 2 g AC L-1 and 4 g AC L-1 ratios have the same effects as the addition of 20 and 40 mL of lemon juice, all accelerating the degradation of anthocyanins and the red color. After 5 weeks of storage at 37°C, the effect of the temperature combined with the increase in the acidity of the samples (2 to 4 g AC L-1 and 20 to 40 ml JC L-1), have accelerated the total disappearance of the red color on all samples.

关键词： Stabilization Drink Citric Acid Citrus aurantiifolia Hibiscus sabdariffa Coloring

Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Characteristics of Hypertensive Type 2 Diabetics at the Marc Sankale Center of Dakar

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2018年第2期8卷 59-69页

作者： Djiby Sow Demba Diédhiou ibrahima Mané Diallo Amadou Ndiaye Michel Assane Ndour Anna Sarr Said Norou diop Maimouna Ndour-Mbaye Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ University Hospital Center of Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratory Analyzes Medical Biology Abass NDAO Hospital in Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: High blood pressure (hypertension) and diabetes mellitus are two major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is increasing rapidly in Africa and worldwide. Africa has the highest prevalence rate of hypertension in the world, with 46% of adults over the age of 25 with. Hypertension is common in type 2 diabetes and increases cardiovascular risk. The association of these two pathologies has many particularities in the sub-Saharan subject. The work related to this entity in Africa shows a frequency between 30% and 60%. The objective was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics at the Medical Clinic II of the Abass Ndao Hospital Center in Dakar. Patients Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted from 01 December 2016 to 31 January 2017. It focused on patients with cardiothyrosis. Epidemiological data, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiothoracic characteristics were evaluated. Results: 303 cases were recorded with a prevalence of 42%, an average age of 61.63 years, a sex ratio of 0.22. The age group of [60 - 70] years was the most representative at 36.30%. The BMI (Body Mass Index) average was 27.06 kg/m2. Obesity was 25% and 35% were overweight. Dyslipidemia consisting of an increase in LDL cholesterol > 1 g/l in 79%, a hypercholesterolemia in 57%, a decrease in HDL cholesterol in 13.23% and a hypertriglyceridemia in 28%. Patients with three cardiovascular risk factors accounted for 93.72%. The average fasting glucose level was 2.85 g/l. Hyperglycemia was noted in 65%. The glycosylated hemoglobin is greater than 7% in 47%. The duration of diabetes was less than 5 years in 133 patients or 44%. 70% of patients were treated with oral antidiabetic drugs. Insulin was used in 21.1%. Hypertension was mild in 24.1%, moderate in 23.8% and severe in 14.8%. Hypertension treated with monotherapy was 49%, combination therapy was 43%. Converting enzyme inhibitors (CEI) were used in 44%;20

关键词： Diabetes Hypertension Risk Factors Treatment Senegal

Diffusion Coefficient at Resonance Frequency as Applied to n+/p/p+ Silicon Solar Cell Optimum Base Thickness Determination

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2020年第10期12卷 145-158页

作者： Amadou Mar Ndiaye Sega Gueye Mame Faty Mbaye Fall Gora diop Amadou Mamour Ba Mamadou Lamine Ba ibrahima Diatta Lemrabott Habiboullah Gregoire Sissoko Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Physics Department Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Ecole Polytechnique de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Département Génie Electrique Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique de Nouakchott Nouakchott Mauritanie

The modelling and determination of the geometric parameters of a solar cell are important data, which influence the evaluation of its performance under specific operating conditions, as well as its industrial development for a low cost. In this work, an n+/p/p+ crystalline silicon solar cell is studied under monochromatic illumination in modulation and placed in a constant magnetic field. The minority carriers’ diffusion coefficient (D(ω, B), in the (p) base leads to maximum values (Dmax) at resonance frequencies (ωr). These values are used in expressions of AC minority carriers recombination velocity (Sb(Dmax, H)) in the rear of the base, to extract the optimum thickness while solar cell is subjected to these specific conditions. Optimum thickness modelling relationships, depending respectively on Dmax, ωr and B, are then established, and will be data for industrial development of low-cost solar cells for specific use.

关键词： Silicon Solar Cell Resonance Frequency Magnetic Field Recombination Velocity Base Thickness

Decentralized Management of Diabetes Mellitus by General Patrician

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2017年第2期7卷 25-35页

作者： Demba Diédhiou Djiby Sow ibrahima Mané Diallo Ahmadou Diouara Michel Alassane Ndour Maimouna Ndour-Mbaye Anna Sarr Said Norou diop Department of Internal Medicine Abass Ndao Hospital Center Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: In Senegal, the frequency of diabetes mellitus is estimated at 3.2% and its management by the general patrician (gp) is dissatisfied. The objective was to evaluate the decentralized monitoring of diabetes mellitus and other cardiovascular risk factors by a trained general practician. Patients and methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive study conducted from June 1, 2013 to 31 May, 2015 in Dakar, where included the files of subjects with diabetes mellitus regularly followed. The data collected were epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic. Results: It was of 125 diabetics patients with a mean age of 56.4 years old. At the inclusion, their diabetes had a mean duration of 6.3 years and a mean average HbA1c of 10.4%. The complications were a neuropathy in 58 cases (46.4%), an arteritis in 46 cases (36.8%), a nephropathy in 16 cases (12.8%) and a retinopathy in 28 cases (22.4%). Other cardiovascular risk factors were an arterial hypertension in 74 cases (59.2%), smoking in 11 cases (8.8%), kidney disease in 16 cases (12.8%), and LDL-cholesterol > 1.6 g/l in 39 cases (31.2%). In total, 87 patients (69.6%) were at high cardiovascular risk and among them, 81.6% had LDL-cholesterol > 1g/l. At inclusion, anti-diabetic treatment was oral mono-therapy in 53 cases (42.4%), an insulin therapy in 49 cases (39.2%). After 12 month of follow-up, the dual therapy anti-diabetic was increased from 13.6% to 34.4%. The others associated drugs were anti-hypertensives in 72 cases (57.6%), statins in 29 cases (23.2%) and anti-platelet agent in 46 cases (36.8%). Only 31.2% of the patients with nephropathy were under the renin angiotensin system blockers. Statins and the anti-platelet agents were prescribed respectively at 25.2% and 47.1% of the 87 patients at high cardiovascular risk. During follow-up, the target HbA1c Conclusion: our study shows the importance and the interest of a trained general practician for the management of non-communicable diseases. However, it wo

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors Followed Decentralized General Patrician Senegal

Profile of the Blood Count among People Living with HIV Monitored at the Institute of Social Hygiene and the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital in Dakar

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 133-141页

作者： Faye Cheikh ibrahima Coly Mame Ngoné Makalou Demba Sène Abdoulaye Sall Abibatou Touré Awa Oumar Ly Fatouamata Hematology Laboratory of the Aristide le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Hematology Laboratory of the Ziguinchor Peace Hospital Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Hematology Laboratory of the Sickle Cell Disease Control Center of Saint Louis Gaston Berger University of Saint Louis Dakar Senegal Pharmacy and Odontostomatology Faculty of Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Dermatology Department of the Social Hygiene Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pandemic of concern to the World Health Organization. It is all the more worrisome because if not properly managed, it can be responsible for several complications, including abnormal blood counts. These abnormalities may also be related to treatment. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to show that adequate antiretroviral therapy can correct various abnormalities exerted by HIV on patients’ blood counts. The specific objective is to determine all the abnormalities we can see in blood count before and during HIV treatment. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted in the hematology laboratory and the dermatology departments of the Aristide Le Dantec Hospital and the Institute of Social Hygiene. It took place from December 2009 to October 2011. It is a retrospective descriptive and analytical study involving HIV-positive patients (HIV 1 and 2) and under antiretroviral treatment (at least six months of treatment). We included 110 patients in the study. Blood counts were performed at the hematology laboratory of the Aristide le Dantec hospital using a KX21 automaton. Each patient received three blood counts during the first six months of treatment (M0, M3 and M6). A univariate analysis was performed to determine the profile of the abnormalities of the blood count and the chi 2 test was used and a threshold of p 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.6 ± 8.6 years (extremes of 18 and 64 years) with a sex ratio of 0.42 (77 females and 33 males). The prevalence of anemia was 80% (n = 88) at M0, 53, 63% at M3 (n = 59), and 38.20% at M6 (n = 42) (p = 0.02). We noted a favorable evolution with treatment. For the other abnormalities, the evolution was favorable for leukopenia (p = 0.011) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our study showed a correction of blood count abnormalities in PLHIV with antiretroviral treatment.

关键词： Blood Count Abnormalities Antiretroviral Treatment PLHIV

Factors Associated with Death in Subjects Admitted for a Diabetological Emergency: Experience of the Medical Clinic II of the Abass Ndao Hospital Center in Dakar (Senegal) —Death in Diabetic Emergencies

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2018年第1期8卷 38-48页

作者： Diédhiou Demba Sow Djiby Diallo ibrahima Mané Diallo Abdou Karim Ndour Michel Assane Sarr Anna Ndour-Mbaye Maimouna diop Said Norou Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Center of Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University Hospital Center of Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Metabolic and vascular emergencies constitute a risk of lethality in diabetic subjects admitted to hospital. The objective was to evaluate the factors associated with death in subjects admitted for a diabetological emergency to improve management. Materials and Methods: It was a 12-month retrospective, descriptive and analytical study at Dakar’s Marc Sankale Diabetes Center. The study concerned any type of diabetics subjects admitted for a diabetological emergency. We evaluated the profile of diabetes, the pathologies found and factors associated with death. Results: We identified 697 cases of diabetic emergencies with a prevalence of 13.8%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.82, the mean age was 49.6 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 7.1 years. The metabolic profile was hypoglycemia (11.3%), ketoacidosis (34.6%), and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome (5%). The associated pathologies were vascular (51.1%), infectious (65.3%), kidney function impairment (7.6%), anaemia (13.8%). During the follow-up, 94 patients died, as an annual frequency of 13.5% among diabetological emergencies. In univariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with death were age > 60 years [OR = 4.09 (2.6 - 6.41)], hyperglycemia [OR = 2.58 (1.50 - 4.4)], hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome [OR = 10.5 (5.19 - 21.5)], septic diabetic foot [OR = 3.57 (2.24 - 5.66)]. Vascular pathologies that significantly associated with death were stroke [OR = 4.06 (2.10 - 7.81)], lower limb arteriopathy [OR = 3.25 (1.84 - 5.73)], cardiovascular collapse [OR = 6.85 (2.34 - 20)]. In addition to diabetes, the deceased patients had one (18%), two (34%) and at least three (45.7%) known factors of poor prognosis. Conclusion: Emergencies in diabetology remain frequent in our practice. The comorbidity (vascular and infectious) constitutes a risk of abnormally high death rate. A particular attention must concern on old diabetics subjects with several pathologies.

关键词： Diabetological Emergencies Mortality Risk Factors Senegal

The First Cases of Laparoscopic Colectomy for Cancer in Ziguinchor Peace Hospital

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Surgical Science 2023年第8期14卷 550-556页

作者： Omar Sow Aissé Thioubou Reymond Saidy Aboubacar Traoré Modou D. Ndiaye Mouhamadou L. Gueye ibrahima Ka Madieng Dieng Department of Surgery Peace Hospital Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Department of General Surgery Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Laparoscopic colectomy is a standardized technique for the curative treatment of colon cancer, based on the principles of carcinological surgery. It is rarely performed in our region but common practice in developed countries. We conducted a retrospective study of the first 4 cases of laparoscopic colectomy for cancer. The patients were 3 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 54.2 years. Of the 4 cancers, 3 were localized to the sigmoid and one to the cecum. The main symptom was rectal bleeding. Total colonoscopy with biopsy was performed in 3 patients and the histological type was a lieberkühnian, infiltrative, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Thoraco-abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (TAP CT) was performed in all the cases. Three patients were presented to the multidisciplinary team (MDT) prior to surgery. The operations were one right hemicolectomy and three left hemicolectomies. The mean operative time was 182.25 min [152 - 210]. Average blood loss was estimated at 200 cc. The average hospital stay was 4.71 days. Cancer staging was classified as stage I in 1 case (p T1N0M0) and stage III in 3 cases (pT3N1Mx, pT3N2Mx). Resection margins were healthy. The number of lymph nodes removed was 12, 14, 17 and 13 respectively. Conclusion: This is a safe and reproducible technique, but requires a much higher cost than laparotomy.

关键词： Colectomy Cancer Laparoscopy Ziguinchor

Surface Recombination Concept as Applied to Determinate Silicon Solar Cell Base Optimum Thickness with Doping Level Effect

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2019年第4期9卷 102-111页

作者： Masse Samba diop Hamet Yoro Ba Ndeye Thiam ibrahima Diatta Youssou Traore Mamadou Lamine Ba El Hadji Sow Oulymata Mballo Grégoire Sissoko Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Physics Department Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Water and Environment Polytechnic School of Thiès Thiès Senegal.

New expressions of back surface recombination of excess minority carriers in the base of silicon solar are expressed dependent on both, the thickness and the diffusion coefficient which is in relationship with the doping rate. The optimum thickness thus obtained from the base of the solar cell allows the saving of the amount of material needed in its manufacture without reducing its efficiency.

关键词： Silicon Solar Cell Surface Recombination Velocity Diffusion Coefficient Doping Rate Base Thickness

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Conakry, Republic of Guinea: Analysis and Relationship with Meteorological Factors

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 302-323页

作者： ibrahima Kalil Kante ibrahima Diouf Tamba Nicolas Millimono Jean Moussa Kourouma Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang école Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Dakar Senegal Direction Nationale de la Météorologie de Guinée Conakry Guinea Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry/Laboratoire d’Enseignement et de Recherche en énergétique Appliquée de Conakry Conakry Guinea NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction College Park Maryland USA Institut Supérieur des Sciences de l’Education de Guinée (ISSEG) Conakry Guinea Department of Plant and Environmental Science School of Natural Resource Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), dates back to December 29, 2019, in Wuhan, China. It quickly spreads like wildfire to all continents in the following months. In Guinea, the first case of COVID-19 and death were all reported respectively on March 12 and April 16, 2020. Since then, several studies have found a relationship between certain environmental conditions such as the meteorological factors to have the potential of contributing to the spread of the virus. Thus, this study aims at examining the extent to which observed meteorological factors might have contributed to the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Conakry, from March 1 to May 31, 2020. Meteorological factors such as temperature (Tmin, Tmean and Tmax) and relative humidity (RHmin, RHmean and RHmax) were analyzed together with the data on the COVID-19. The dynamic of the COVID-19 in Guinea was analyzed along with that of some west African countries. The analysis on the dynamic of the COVID-19 pandemic in West Africa indicated Guinea as one of the most affected countries by the pandemic after Nigeria and Ghana. The study found that in general an increase in the temperature is linked to a decline in the COVID-19 number of cases and deaths, while an increase in the humidity is positively correlated to the number of cases and deaths. Nevertheless,

关键词： Conakry Guinea COVID-19 Meteorological Factors Temperature Humidity