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Preserving the Ozone Layers: Battling Illegal Trade in Ozone-Depleting Substances

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 287-298页

作者： ibrahim badawi Seattle Law School Seattle University Seattle USA

The depletion of the ozone layer, a vital shield protecting the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is now a worldwide environmental concern. Human activities, particularly the release of ozone depleting substances (ODS), have led to the thinning of this protective layer over recent decades. Simultaneously, illegal trade has emerged as a global challenge, giving rise to economic issues, losses of tax revenue, heightened criminal activities, health risks, and environmental hazards. The depletion of the ozone layer, a critical shield protecting the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, has become a global environmental concern. This paper delves into the legal dimensions surrounding ozone-depleting substances (ODS), their impact on the ozone layer, and the subsequent risk of skin cancer. As countries navigate international agreements, domestic regulations, and enforcement mechanisms, the intricate interplay between legal frameworks and the health implications of ozone layer depletion comes to the forefront. The paper highlights particular instances of illegal trade in ozone depleting substances, drawing from data reported by the parties to the Montreal Protocol. Notably, China stands out as a significant source of contraband ODS, with other countries such as Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, and France reporting numerous cases. Analyzing these case instances offers insights into the efficacy of legal frameworks and enforcement measures. The paper offers a comprehensive set of recommendations to strengthen global control and enforcement against the illegal trade of ozone depleting substances. These recommendations span diverse aspects such as production monitoring, customs collaboration, mutual verification, cross-border agreements, public-private partnerships, international cooperation, detection equipment, global regulatory standards, resource allocation, public awareness campaigns, alternative substance development, and controlling the trade at its so

关键词： Ozone-Depleting Substances Illegal Trade Montreal Protocol Environmental Protection Ozone Layers Climate Change

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A Comparative Analysis on Surgical Outcomes and Complications of Endoscopic and Open Vein Harvesting Techniques

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2024年第2期14卷 29-39页

作者： Mohammed Fawzy Eltaweel Ismail N. El-Sokkary Ahmed Alherazi Mohamed Wael badawi Mohammed G. Abdellatif Bahaa A. Elkhonezy ibrahim K. Gamil Haytham Mohamed Abd El Moaty Sarra Sadmi Mahmoud Khalil Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shibin El Kom Egypt Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Faculty of Medicine University of Algiers Algiers Algeria Department of Cardiac Surgery Sabah Al-Ahmed Cardiac Center Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait

Objective: The great saphenous vein (GSV) is commonly used as a conduit for grafting during CABG surgery, and open GSV harvesting (OVH), commonly used with long incision to expose the vein. However, endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) is an alternative approach, utilizing specialized instruments and small incisions to harvest the vein. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) requiring great saphenous vein (GSV) harvesting which was done by EVH or OVH procedures. Demographic variables, including age and gender, were assessed for both groups. Intraoperative variables such as the number of grafts, cardiopulmonary bypass time, X clamp time, and type of procedure were analyzed. Postoperative variables, including infection and bleeding rates, were also evaluated. Results: The study included 30 patients each undergoing Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with need of great saphenous vein harvesting which was done by EVH and OVH. Demographic variables were well-matched between the two groups in terms of age, while a significant difference in gender distribution was observed. Obesity and smoking were more prevalent in the OVH group, and EVH was associated with a higher mean number of grafts compared to OVH. Conversion to an open technique occurred in a portion of the EVH cases, and infection rates did not significantly differ between the EVH and OVH groups. However, the incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the EVH group. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables associated with EVH and OVH techniques. EVH demonstrated advantages in terms of reduced infection rates compared to OVH. However, the higher incidence of postoperative bleeding associated with EVH raises concerns about potential risks.

关键词： Endoscopic Vein Harvesting (EVH) Open Vein Harvesting (OVH) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) Surgical Outcomes

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Improved Whale Optimization with Local-Search Method for Feature Selection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1371-1389页

作者： Malek Alzaqebah Mutasem KAlsmadi Sana Jawarneh Jehad Saad Alqurni Mohammed Tayfour ibrahim Almarashdeh Rami Mustafa A.Mohammad Fahad A.Alghamdi Nahier Aldhafferi Abdullah Alqahtani Khalid A.Alissa Bashar A.Aldeeb Usama A.badawi Maram Alwohaibi Hayat Alfagham Department of Mathematics College of ScienceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Basic&Applied Scientific Research Center Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of MIS College of Applied Studies and Community ServiceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science Community CollegeImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Educational Technology College of EducationImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982DammamSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Deanship of Information and Communication Technology Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia

Various feature selection algorithms are usually employed to improve classification models’overall *** algorithms typically accompany such algorithms to select the optimal set of *** the most currently attractive trends within optimization algorithms are hybrid *** present paper presents two Stages of Local Search models for feature selection based on WOA(Whale Optimization Algorithm)and Great Deluge(GD).GD Algorithm is integrated with the WOA algorithm to improve exploitation by identifying the most promising regions during the *** version is employed using the best solution found by the WOA algorithm and exploited by the GD *** addition,disruptive selection(DS)is employed to select the solutions from the population for local *** is chosen to maintain the diversity of the population via enhancing low and high-quality ***(15)standard benchmark datasets provided by the University of California Irvine(UCI)repository were used in evaluating the proposed approaches’***,a comparison was made with four population-based algorithms as wrapper feature selection methods from the *** proposed techniques have proved their efficiency in enhancing classification accuracy compared to other wrapper ***,the WOA can search effectively in the feature space and choose the most relevant attributes for classification tasks.

关键词： Optimization whale optimization algorithm great deluge algorithm feature selection and classification

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Cyclization of 4,5-Diamino Pyrazole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activities

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第7期29卷 1451-1459页

作者： Rizk, Hala F. EI-badawi, Mahmoud A. ibrahim, Seham A. EI-Borai, Mohamed A. Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt

A convenient synthesis of intermediate 4,5-diamino-3-aryl-l-phenylpyrazoles 4a--4c was reported. The different cyclization reactions were carried out with chalcone, 2-mercaptoacetic acid and p-anisialdehyde, ethyl chloroformate, glyoxal and thiourea to afford different N and S containing heterocycles. The reaction conditions were compared by conventional heating and microwave irradiation. The structures of the cyclization products were de- termined by analytical and spectroscopic data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for antibacterial activities in vitro.

关键词： 4,5-diaminopyrazole cyclization fused heterocyclic ring systems microwave chemistry antibacterial activities

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Skin Cancer Classification Using Transfer Learning by VGG16 Architecture (Case Study on Kaggle Dataset)

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2023年第3期15卷 67-75页

作者： Adam M. ibrahim Mohammed Elbasheir Somia badawi Ashraf Mohammed Amir F. Mohammed Alalmin Department of Computer Science Sudan Technical University Khartoum Sudan Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Alzaiem Alazhri University Khartoum Sudan Applied College Najran University Najran Saudi Arabia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Omdurman Islamic University Omdurman Sudan Department of Emergency Medicine King Abdullah Medical City Makkah Saudi Arabia

Skin cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are critical for successful treatment and improved patient outcomes. In recent years, deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for medical image analysis, including the diagnosis of skin cancer. The importance of using deep learning in diagnosing skin cancer lies in its ability to analyze large amounts of data quickly and accurately. This can help doctors make more informed decisions about patient care and improve overall outcomes. Additionally, deep learning models can be trained to recognize subtle patterns and features that may not be visible to the human eye, leading to earlier detection and more effective treatment. The pre-trained Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16) architecture has been used in this study to classification of skin cancer images, and the images have been converted into other color scales, there are named: 1) Hue Saturation Value (HSV), 2) YCbCr, 3) Grayscale for evaluation. Results show that the dataset created with RGB and YCbCr images in field condition was promising with a classification accuracy of 84.242%. The dataset has also been evaluated with other popular architectures and compared. The performance of VGG16 with images of each color scale is analyzed. In addition, feature parameters have been extracted from the different layers. The extracted layers were felt with the VGG16 to evaluate the ability of the feature parameters in classifying the disease.

关键词： Skin Cancer Classification VGG16 Transfer Learning Deep Learning

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Nonlocal Integral Boundary Value Problem of Bagley-Torvik Type Fractional Differential Equations and Inclusions

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Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications 2019年第4期39卷 383-394页

作者： Lizhen CHEN badawi Hamza Eibadawi ibrahim Gang LI School of Applied Mathematics Shanxi University of Finance and Economics School of Mathematical Sciences Yangzhou University

In this article,we consider the Bagley-Torvik type fractional differential equation;D;l（t）-a;D;l（t） = g(t, l（t）) and differential inclusion;D;l（t）-a;D;l（t） ∈ G(t, l（t）),t ∈（0, 1） subjecting to l（0） = l;,and■ ds where 1 0, a, λ′are given constants. By using Leray-Schauder degree theory and fixed point theorems, we prove the existence of solutions. Our results extend the existence theorems for the classical Bagley-Torvik equation and some related models.

关键词： fractional differential equations and inclusions integral boundary conditions LeraySchauder theory

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Microleakage of Nanofilled Composite Resin Restorative Material

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2011年第3期2卷 329-334页

作者： ibrahim Hamouda Hagag abd Elkader Manal F. badawi 不详

The role of nanofillers in reducing the microleakage of dental composite resins has not been previously investigated. So this study was designed to evaluate microleakage of nanofilled composite resin in comparison to the conventional hybrid composite. Twenty extracted sound molars were selected. Class II cavities were prepared. All cavities were etched (enamel and dentin) with 37% phosphoric acid. Dentin bonding agents were applied to etched tooth surfaces and restored with nanofilled and hybrid composite restorative materials. The restored teeth were thermocycled. Specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye, sectioned along the mesio-distal direction;dye penetration of occlusal and gingival margins of each section was evaluated using a stereo-microscope. No significant difference was found between the microleakage of nanofilled and hybrid composite restorations at occlusal / enamel and at gingival / dentin margins. Also, there were no significant differences for nanofilled composite restorations at occlusal / enamel margins and gingival / dentin margins. On the other hand, there were a significant differences for hybrid composite restorations at occlusal / enamel margins and gingival / dentin margins.

关键词： Microleakage Nanofilled composite resin Hybrid composite resin

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Health 2016年第6期8卷 548-558页

作者： Waddah Mohammad D’emeh Mohammed ibrahim Yacoub Muhammad Waleed Darawad Talal Haider Al-badawi Batool Shahwan School of Nursing The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Nursing Sciences Department Al-Farabi Colleges Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study is to explore Jordanian nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment, and barriers to intervention at different hospitals representing health care sectors in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in this study utilizing self-administered questionnaires to collect data from nurses working in public, University-affiliated, and private hospitals located on the north, mid, and south of Jordan using Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, (n = 439). The mean of total correct answers on the 32 knowledge questions was 13.39 (SD = 4.31). Nurse-related barriers to effective pain management include patient history of alcohol abuse or drug addiction, and nursing staff reluctant to contact physician for analgesic order. Nurses working in surgical units, employed at private hospitals, holding a master degree, or who attended educational course or program scored significantly higher than other nurses. The results demonstrated knowledge deficit and attitude and that nurses underestimated and undertreated patients’ pain. Serious efforts should be taken in nursing schools and hospitals to prepare nurses and equip them with comprehensive knowledge tools to assess and manage pain appropriately.

关键词： Barriers Hospitalized Patients Jordan Nurses’ Knowledge Pain Management

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Epidemiology and outcome of Crohn's disease in a teaching hospital in Riyadh

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第9期10卷 1341-1344页

作者： Abdullah S.AI-Ghamdi ibrahim A.AI-Mofleh Rashed S.AIRashed Saleh M.AI-Amri Abdulrahman M.Aljebreen Reda EI-badawi Arthur C.Isnani Gastroenterology Division Department of Medicine (38)King Khalid University HospitalRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia King Khalid University Hospital College of Medicine and Research Center (74)PO Box 2925RiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia

AIM: To know the epidemiology and outcome of Crohn's disease at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and to compare the results from other world ***: A retrospective analysis of patients seen for 20 years (between 1983 and 2002). Individual case records were reviewed with regard to history, clinical, findings from colonoscopy, biopsies, small bowel enema, computerized tomography scan, treatment and ***: Seventy-seven patients with Crohn's disease were revisited, 13% presented the disease in the first 10 years and 87% over the last 10 years. Thirty-three patients (42.9%) were males and 44 (57.1%) were females. Age ranged from 11-70 years (mean of 25.3+11.3 years). Ninety-two (92%) were Saudi. The mean duration of symptoms was 26+34.7 mo. The mean annual incidence of the disease over the first 10 years was 0.32:100 000 and 1.66:100 000 over the last 10 years with a total mean annual incidence of 0.94:100 000 over the last 20 years. The chief clinical features included abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss,anorexia, rectal bleeding and palpable mass. Colonoscopic findings were abnormal in 58 patients (76%) showing mostly ulcerations and inflammation of the colon. Eighty nine percent of patients showed nonspecific inflammation with chronic inflammatory cells and half of these patients revealed the presence of granulomas and granulations on bowel biopsies. Similarly, 69 (89%) of small bowel enema results revealed ulcerations (49%), narrowing of the bowel lumen (42%), mucosal thickening (35%) and cobblestone appearance (35%). CT scan showed abnormality in 68 (88%) of patients with features of thickened loops (66%) and lymphadenopathy (37%). Seventy-eight percent of patients had small and large bowel disease, 16% had small bowel involvement and only 6% had colitis alone. Of the total 55 (71%) patients treated with steroids at some point in their disease history, a satisfactory response to therapy was seen in 28 patients (51%) w

关键词：利雅得克隆病流行病学内镜检查 CT检查

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