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Low-thermal-budget electrically active thick polysilicon for CmOS-First mEmS-last integration

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 395-407页

作者： Aron michael ian Yao-Hsiang Chuang Chee Yee Kwok Kazuo Omaki UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia

Low-thermal-budget,electrically active,and thick polysilicon films are necessary for building a microelectromechanical system(mEmS)on top of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CmOS).However,the formation of these polysilicon films is a challenge in this ***,for the first time,the development of in situ phosphorus-doped silicon films deposited under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions(~10^(−9)Torr)using electron-beam evaporation(UHVEE)is *** process results in electrically active,fully crystallized,low-stress,smooth,and thick polysilicon films with low thermal *** crystallographic,mechanical,and electrical properties of phosphorus-doped UHVEE polysilicon films are *** films are compared with intrinsic and boron-doped UHVEE silicon *** spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEm)and atomic force microscopy(AFm)are used for crystallographic and surface morphological *** curvature,cantilever deflection profile and resonance frequency measurements are employed to study the mechanical properties of the ***,resistivity measurements are conducted to investigate the electrical properties of the *** vertical,high-aspectratio micromachining of UHVEE polysilicon has been developed.A comb-drive structure is designed,simulated,fabricated,and characterized as an actuator and inertial sensor comprising 20-μm-thick in situ phosphorus-doped UHVEE films at a temperature less than 500°*** results demonstrate for the first time that UHVEE polysilicon uniquely allows the realization of mechanically and electrically functional mEmS devices with low thermal budgets.

关键词： budget thick thermal

Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett m.Culbert James B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki matthew G.Salena marian Y.L.Wong ian m.Hamilton Sigal Balshine Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley marcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDmD In Vitro Cervids

Effects of a remote,YouTube-delivered exercise intervention on young adults’physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic:Randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 145-156,I0002页

作者： Daniel J.mcdonough melina A.Helgeson Wenxi Liu Zan Gao School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Carlson School of management University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background:Public health guidelines have called for innovative and flexible physical activity(PA)intervention strategies to promote PA and health amid the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)***,this study’s purpose was to examine the effects of a home-based,YouTube-delivered PA intervention grounded in self-determination theory on young adults’free-living PA,sedentary behavior,and sleep quality(NCT04499547).methods:Sixty-four young adults(48 females;age=22.8±3.4 years,mean±SD;body mass index=23.1±2.6 kg/m^(2))were randomized(1:1)into the intervention group,which received weekly aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA videos,or control group,which received weekly general health education videos,for 12 *** primary outcome was free-living moderate-to-vigorous PA(mVPA)and our secondary outcomes were sedentary behavior,light PA,and sleep quality(measured using ActiGraph accelerometers)along with muscle-strengthening PA frequency,self-determination theory-related motivation(non-regulation,external regulation,introjected regulation,identified regulation,integrated regulation,and intrinsic regulation),and perceived PA barriers(assessed using validated questionnaires).Repeated measures analysis of variances(ANOVAs)examined between-group differences at an adjusted significance level of 0.004 and effect sizes as partial eta-squared(η;).Results:We observed statistically significant interaction effects for mVPA,sleep efficiency,muscle-strengthening PA frequency,non-regulation,integrated regulation,intrinsic regulation,and perceived PA barriers(F(1,62)=10.75-77.67,pmes favoring the intervention *** observed no statistically significant differences in either group for sedentary behavior,light PA,sleep duration,or external,introjected,and identified regulations after 12 weeks(F(1,62)=1.11-3.64,p=0.06-0.61).Conclusion:With national COVID-19 restrictions still in place and uncertainty regarding post-pandemic PA envir

关键词： High-intensity interval training Resistance-training Self-determination theory Social media Video

Prediction of treatment response to antipsychotic drugs for precision medicine approach to schizophrenia:randomized trials and multiomics analysis

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military medical Research 2024年第1期11卷 19-33页

作者： Liang-Kun Guo Yi Su Yu-Ya-Nan Zhang Hao Yu Zhe Lu Wen-Qiang Li Yong-Feng Yang Xiao Xiao Hao Yan Tian-Lan Lu Jun Li Yun-Dan Liao Zhe-Wei Kang Li-Fang Wang Yue Li ming Li Bing Liu Hai-Liang Huang Lu-Xian Lv Yin Yao Yun-Long Tan Gerome Breen ian Everall Hong-Xing Wang Zhuo Huang Dai Zhang Wei-Hua Yue Institute of mental Health Peking University Sixth HospitalBeijing 100191China National Clinical Research Center for mental Disorders Peking University Sixth HospitalBeijing 100191China NHC Key Laboratory of mental Health and Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of mood Cognitive Disorder(2018RU006) Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100191China Peking University Huilongguan Clinical medical School Beijing Huilongguan HospitalBeijing 100096China Department of Psychiatry Jining Medical UniversityJining 272067ShandongChina Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 435001HenanChina Key Laboratory of Animal models and Human Disease mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research the Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMA 02141USA Department of medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Key Laboratory for Neuroscience for Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China PKU-IDG/mcGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China

Background:Choosing the appropriate antipsychotic drug(APD)treatment for patients with schizophrenia(SCZ)can be challenging,as the treatment response to APD is highly variable and difficult to predict due to the lack of effective *** studies have indicated the association between treatment response and genetic and epigenetic factors,but no effective biomarkers have been ***,further research is imperative to enhance precision medicine in SCZ ***:Participants with SCZ were recruited from two randomized *** discovery cohort was recruited from the CAPOC trial(n=2307)involved 6 weeks of treatment and equally randomized the participants to the Olanzapine,Risperidone,Quetiapine,Aripiprazole,Ziprasidone,and Haloperidol/Perphenazine(subsequently equally assigned to one or the other)*** external validation cohort was recruited from the CAPEC trial(n=1379),which involved 8 weeks of treatment and equally randomized the participants to the Olanzapine,Risperidone,and Aripiprazole ***,healthy controls(n=275)from the local community were utilized as a genetic/epigenetic *** genetic and epigenetic(DNA methylation)risks of SCZ were assessed using the polygenic risk score(PRS)and polymethylation score,*** study also examined the genetic-epigenetic interactions with treatment response through differential methylation analysis,methylation quantitative trait loci,colocalization,and promoteranchored chromatin *** learning was used to develop a prediction model for treatment response,which was evaluated for accuracy and clinical benefit using the area under curve(AUC)for classification,R^(2) for regression,and decision curve ***:Six risk genes for SCZ(LINC01795,DDHD2,SBNO1,KCNG2,SEmA7A,and RUFY1)involved in cortical morphology were identified as having a genetic-epigenetic interaction associated with treatment *** developed and externally validated predictio

关键词： Schizophrenia Antipsychotic drug Treatment response Prediction model Genetics Epigenetics

Bronchodilator responsiveness assessed by forced oscillometry and multiple breath washout techniques in preschool children

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Pediatric Investigation 2018年第2期2卷 83-89页

作者： Nicholas L.Friedman Joseph m.mcdonough Xuemei Zhang Erik B.Hysinger Kelly m.Adams Julian L.Allen Division of Pulmonary medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Department of Pediatrics Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WAUSA Division of Pulmonary medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Division of Pulmonary medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Division of Pulmonary medicine Northwell Health System Lake SuccessNY USA

Importance:The forced oscillation (FOT) and multiple breath washout (mBW) techniques are passive tests of lung function,and are reliable for preschool-age *** has not been comparison testing to determine which test could more accurately differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,or differentiate a response to bronchodilator ***:To determine whether the mBW and/or FOT could differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,and whether the two tests could detect a response to bronchodilator ***:Twenty-eight healthy controls and 23 poorly controlled asthmatics 3-6 years of age *** subjects were administered the mBW followed by the FOT.A bronchodilator was then administered and testing was *** Rank Sum tests were used to compare the difference between healthy controls and poorly controlled *** Signed Rank tests were used to compare the pre-and post-bronchodilator ***:Neither mBW nor FOT differentiated healthy controls from poorly controlled asthmatics (pre-bronchodilator data);both groups had similar baseline gas mixing and airway *** was no improvement in any mBW outcomes post-bronchodilator *** detected a significant and similar degree of improvement in the airway mechanics in both ***:Neither mBW nor FOT differentiated between poorly controlled asthmatics (when well) and healthy *** did not detect a significant bronchodilator response in either subject group,whereas FOT detected a similar degree of bronchodilator responsiveness in both *** discrepancy may reflect differential changes in airway mechanics and gas mixing properties in response to bronchodilators.

关键词： Forced oscillation technique multiple breath washout Pediatric lung function measurement Pediatric asthma

Propagation of tau and α-synuclein in the brain: therapeutic potential of the glymphatic system

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 667-689页

作者： Douglas m.Lopes Sophie K.Llewellyn ian F.Harrison Division of medicine Department of ImagingCentre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity College LondonPaul O’Gorman Building72 Huntley StreetLondon WC1E 6DDUK

many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are characterised by the accumulation of misfolded protein deposits in the brain, leading to a progressive destabilisation of the neuronal network and neuronal death. Among the proteins that can abnormally accumulate are tau and α-synuclein, which can propagate in a prion-like manner and which upon aggregation, represent the most common intracellular proteinaceous lesions associated with neurodegeneration. For years it was thought that these intracellular proteins and their accumulation had no immediate relationship with extracellular homeostasis pathways such as the glymphatic clearance system;however, mounting evidence has now suggested that this is not the case. The involvement of the glymphatic system in neurodegenerative disease is yet to be fully defined;however, it is becoming increasingly clear that this pathway contributes to parenchymal solute clearance. Importantly, recent data show that proteins prone to intracellular accumulation are subject to glymphatic clearance, suggesting that this system plays a key role in many neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a background on the biology of tau and α-synuclein and discuss the latest findings on the cell-to-cell propagation mechanisms of these proteins. Importantly, we discuss recent data demonstrating that manipulation of the glymphatic system may have the potential to alleviate and reduce pathogenic accumulation of propagation-prone intracellular cytotoxic proteins. Furthermore, we will allude to the latest potential therapeutic opportunities targeting the glymphatic system that might have an impact as disease modifiers in neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Glymphatic Propagation Tauopathy Synucleinopathy Clearance Aquaporin-4

Diffusion of Sm-Nd in Scheelite and its Significance to Isotopic Dating and Tracing

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第2期97卷 651-661页

作者： ZHANG Dongliang ian mCOULSON PENG Jiantang LI Shijie WANG Guoqiang Key Laboratory of metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous metals Ministry of EducationSchool of Geosciences and InfophysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Solid Earth Studies Laboratory Department of GeologyUniversity of ReginaReginaSaskatchewan S4S OA2Canada Lunar and Planetary Science Research Center Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Xi'an Center of Geological Survey CGSXi'an 710054China

As the principal ore mineral in various tungsten(-gold)deposits,scheelite(CaWO_(4))plays an important role in directly dating the timing of ore formation,and in tracing associated material sources through the study of its Sm-Nd geochronology and Nd isotopic *** the retention of Sm-Nd systematics within scheelite is presently unconstrained,equivocal interpretations for isotopic data resulting from this method have occurred quite often in previous studies that apply these isotopic *** order to better elucidate the closure of Sm-Nd in scheelite,the kinetics of Sm and Nd within this mineral lattice were investigated through calculation of diffusion constants presented *** following Arrhenius relations were obtained:D_(Nd)=4.00exp(-438 kJ·mol^(–1)/RT)cm^(2)/s D_(Sm)=1.85exp(-427 kJ·mol^(–1)/RT)cm^(2)/s showing diffusion rate of Nd is near identical to Sm in scheelite when at the same ***,compared to other rare earth elements(REEs),which have markedly different atomic radii to either Nd or Sm,these are shown to exhibit a great variation in *** observed trends in our data are in excellent agreement with the diffusion characteristics of REEs in other tetragonal ABO4 minerals,indicating that ionic radius is a key constraint to the diffusivity of REEs in the various crystal *** this in mind,the same substitution mechanism and a very slight discrepancy in radii will allow us to infer that significant Sm/Nd diffusional fractionation in scheelite is unlikely to occur during most geological *** upon the diffusion data determined herein,Sm and Nd closure temperatures and retention times in scheelite are discussed in terms of diffusion *** results suggest that closure temperatures for Sm-Nd within this mineral are relatively high in contrast to the temperature ranges of ore-formation responsible for scheelite-related deposits,and any later thermal *** is likely,therefore,that rel

关键词： Sm-Nd system diffusion scheelite closure temperature isotopic dating

Effects of symmetric and asymmetric salt conditions on a selective solid-state nanopore assay

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9936-9942页

作者： ian D.Wadsworth Adam R.Hall Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101USA Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA

Conventional solid-state nanopore measurements sense all translocating entities,necessitating meticulous analysis to differentiate target *** address this,we have established a selective assay with the platform that has shown utility in quantifying several nucleic acid ***,limited detection efficiency and intrinsic noise have so far limited assay resolution to 10 *** in this value require manipulation of translocation ***,we report the effects of NaCl conditions on assay *** first investigate symmetric conditions,finding sensitivity increases with salt concentration but selectivity is maximized at 1.0 m *** then probe asymmetric conditions,showing a remarkable impact on assay sensitivity and selectivity when measurement buffer NaCl concentration in the reservoir with the translocating molecules is low and the opposite reservoir is *** optimum conditions,we demonstrate detection of target biomolecules down to a concentration of 100 pm which is an improvement of 2 orders of magnitude over past results.

关键词： solid-state nanopores biomarkers amplification-free detection salt gradient nucleic acids