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Colorful facial markings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett m.Culbert James B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki matthew G.Salena marian Y.L.Wong ian m.hamilton Sigal Balshine Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Department of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Department of mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

many animals use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of competi-tion and mate choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dominance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent more time foraging and tended to perform more aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dominant males tended to have larger patches than dominant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the number of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** males with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from their groupmates compared to dominant males with small ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive more affiliative acts from their groupmates while performing fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer some of the first evidence that colorful signals may shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolamprologus pulcher visual signals

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A seed and soil model of loneliness in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2575-2576页

作者： Hannah L.Apostolou ian m.mcDonough Department of Psychology The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Department of Psychology Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNYUSA

Loneliness is classically defined as a result of perceiving a discrepancy between the desired quantity and quality of one's social life and actual social relationships(Perlman and Peplau,1984).Lifespan research has indicated older adults are among the highest risk for experiencing loneliness because their social network size decreases more frequently than that of younger adults.

关键词： Alzheimer younger soil

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Degradation of superhydrophobic aluminium overhead line conductor surfaces

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High Voltage 2024年第4期9卷 763-772页

作者： Xu Zhang Chorphaka Plaengpraphan Chengxing Lian Wenyuan Li Qinghua Han Simon m.Rowland ian Cotton Qi Li School of Engineering University of WarwickCoventryUK State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina School of Engineering University of ManchesterManchesterUK School of Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUK Electrical Engineering School Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina

It has been shown that noise emissions from HV overhead line conductors can be reduced under rain conditions by making their surfaces *** working environment makes ensuring the longevity of any treatment a major *** degradation of various superhydrophobic surfaces generated by applying a superhydrophobic coating and patterning microscale channels is assessed under an AC electric field(18 kV/cm)with continuous water *** examining the droplet distribution on the surfaces during the degradation and the surface roughness before and after degra-dation,the authors demonstrate that no water droplets were found on the microscale patterned surface,but droplets were formed on the coated surface after *** surface roughness reduction of the coated surface and microscale patterned surface was 29.8% and 11.3%,respectively,indicating that the microscale patterned surface has better durability than the superhydrophobic coating under the AC electric stress.

关键词： coating roughness surface

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Low-thermal-budget electrically active thick polysilicon for CmOS-First mEmS-last integration

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 395-407页

作者： Aron michael ian Yao-Hsiang Chuang Chee Yee Kwok Kazuo Omaki UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia

Low-thermal-budget,electrically active,and thick polysilicon films are necessary for building a microelectromechanical system(mEmS)on top of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CmOS).However,the formation of these polysilicon films is a challenge in this ***,for the first time,the development of in situ phosphorus-doped silicon films deposited under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions(~10^(−9)Torr)using electron-beam evaporation(UHVEE)is *** process results in electrically active,fully crystallized,low-stress,smooth,and thick polysilicon films with low thermal *** crystallographic,mechanical,and electrical properties of phosphorus-doped UHVEE polysilicon films are *** films are compared with intrinsic and boron-doped UHVEE silicon *** spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEm)and atomic force microscopy(AFm)are used for crystallographic and surface morphological *** curvature,cantilever deflection profile and resonance frequency measurements are employed to study the mechanical properties of the ***,resistivity measurements are conducted to investigate the electrical properties of the *** vertical,high-aspectratio micromachining of UHVEE polysilicon has been developed.A comb-drive structure is designed,simulated,fabricated,and characterized as an actuator and inertial sensor comprising 20-μm-thick in situ phosphorus-doped UHVEE films at a temperature less than 500℃.The results demonstrate for the first time that UHVEE polysilicon uniquely allows the realization of mechanically and electrically functional mEmS devices with low thermal budgets.

关键词： budget thick thermal

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Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su ian N.Levasseur Kimberly m.Alonge Department of medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECm),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECm indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： Jennifer K. Hellmann ian m. hamilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Jennifer K. Hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model Neolamprologus pulcher network

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Pyrolysis behaviour and kinetic analysis of waste polylactic acid composite reinforced with reed straw processing residue

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2024年第3期7卷 74-83页

作者： Bo Chen Sen ma Sachin Kumar Zhitong Yao Wanqi Feng Jianbo Zhao Xu Zhang Di Cai Hui Cao ian Watson Systems Power and Energy Research DivisionJames Watts School of EngineeringCollege of Science and EngineeringJames Watt SouthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUnited Kingdom College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029PR China College of Energy State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102PR China Department of Energy Engineering Centre of Excellence-Green and Efficient Energy Technology(CoE-GEET)Central University of JharkhandRanchi 835205India College of materials Science and Environmental Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018PR China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tarim UniversityAlarXinjiang 843300PR China National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029PR China

The lignocellulose reinforced composites are commonly used sustainable materials with good mechanical and physical *** to properly dispose and recover the potential value of discarded lignocellulose reinforced composites,the pyrolysis behaviour and kinetics of reed straw processing residual/polylactic acid(RSPR/PLA)composites,a typical 3D printing material,was *** on the TG-FTIR results,the synergistic effects between RSPR and PLA during the pyrolysis process were *** with the FTIR spectra of PLA,the absorption peaks of CO and CO_(2)disappear in the FTIR spectra of RSPR/PLA composite,which indicates RSPR provides additional free radicals for the free radical reaction of PLA,and further promoting the *** apparent activation energy of the RSPR/PLA composite pyrolysis was calculated by two iso-conversional methods including Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS).The average Ea of the RSPR/PLA composite(122.6 kJ mol^(-1)(FWO)and 117.9 kJ mol^(-1)(KAS))was lower than that of solo pyrolysis of RSPR(138.5 kJ mol^(-1)(FWO)and 135.4 kJ mol^(-1)(KAS))and the pure PLA(197.0 kJ mol^(-1)(FWO)and 196.6 kJ mol^(-1)(KAS)).The master plot method results suggested the pyrolysis of RSPR/PLA composite followed the one-dimensional(D1)diffusion *** work provides an environmentally friendly strategy to effective thermo-chemical upgrading of the value of discarded lignocellulose reinforced composite material.

关键词： Biobased composite Pyrolysis conversion Synergy Bio-oil Reaction kinetics

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation

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Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 33-42页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Radeeb Akhtar Jeffrey m Ring Lucy m Candib Erick messias Ronald m Epstein marc Tunzi Amy L Lee Christopher P morley Carina m Brown David Slawson Jill Konkin David G Campbell ian Couper Susan Williams Robert Brooks Lucie Walters Family and Preventive medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family medicine and Community Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA Independent Health Psychologist Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Family medicine and Community Health UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Saint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA Family medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNew YorkUSA Family medicine Residency Program Natividad Medical CenterSalinasCaliforniaUSA Family medicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Public Health and Preventive medicine SUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA Cone Health Family medicine Residency The University of North Carolina School of MedicineGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA Family medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Family medicine University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine&DentistryEdmontonAlbertaCanada Cunninghame Arm medical Centre Australian College of Rural and Remote MedicineLakes EntranceQueenslandAustralia Ukwanda Centre for Rural Health Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesCape TownWestern CapeSouth Africa Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia Department of Rural Health Broken Hill UniversityBroken HillNew South WalesAustralia Adelaide Rural Clinical School The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesMount GambierSouth AustraliaAustralia

Storylines of Family medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅳ:perspectives on practice—lenses of appreciation’,authors address the following themes:‘Relational connections in the doctor–patient partnership’,‘Feminism and family medicine’,‘Positive family medicine’,‘mindful practice’,‘The new,old ethics of family medicine’,‘Public health,prevention and populations’,‘Information mastery in family medicine’and‘Clinical courage.’may readers nurture their curiosity through these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration doctor

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Enhanced wear resistance,antibacterial performance,and biocompatibility using nanotubes containing nano-Ag and bioceramics in vitro

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第5期7卷 670-686页

作者： Qingge Wang Jia Liu Hong Wu Jingbo Liu Yaojia Ren Luxin Liang Xinxin Yan ian Baker Shifeng Liu V.V.Uglov Chengliang Yang Liqiang Wang State Key Laboratory of Powder metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang medical University for Nationalities Guangxi Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Translational Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative DiseasesGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials in Bone and Joint Degenerative DiseasesGuangxi Key Laboratory for Biomedical Material ResearchBaise 533000China Department of Orthopedics The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410011China Department of Orthopedics Renmin HospitalWuhan UniversityWuhan 430060China Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNH 03755-8000USA School of metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Belarusian State University 220030 MinskBelarus State Key Laboratory of metal matrix Composites School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

A good Ti-based joint implant should prevent stress shielding and achieve good bioactivity and anti-infection *** meet these requirements,the low-elastic-modulus alloy—Ti–35Nb–2Ta–3Zr—was used as the substrate,and functional coatings that contained bioceramics and Ag ions were prepared for coating on TiO_(2)nanotubes(diameter:(80±20)nm and(150±40)nm)using anodization,deposition,and spin-coating *** effects of the bioceramics(nano-β-tricalcium phosphate,microhydroxyapatite(micro-HA),and meso-CaSiO_(3))and Ag nanoparticles(size:(50±20)nm)on the antibacterial activity and the tribocorrosion,corrosion,and early in vitro osteogenic behaviors of the nanotubes were *** tribocorrosion and corrosion results showed that the wear rate and corrosive rate were highly dependent on the features of the nanotube ***-HA showed great wear resistance with a wear rate of(1.26±0.06)×10^(−3)mm^(3)/(N·m)due to adhesive and ***-CaSiO_(3)showed enhanced cell adhesion,proliferation,and alkaline phosphatase *** coatings that contained nano-Ag exhibited good antibacterial activity with an antibacterial rate of≥89.5%against Escherichia *** findings indicate that hybrid coatings may have the potential to accelerate osteogenesis.

关键词： βTi alloy Surface modification Wear resistance Corrosion resistance Osteogenic behavior Antibacterial activity

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文献快报(5):社交媒体使用消极体验而非使用时长增加青少年自杀意念

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中国学校卫生 2024年第5期45卷 614-614页

作者： hamilton J LDALACK m BOYD S I 李琪(编译) Department of Psychology Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA. Department of Psychology George Washington University Washington DC USA. Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA.

社交媒体使用与青少年自杀风险的关联受到广泛关注。匹兹堡大学David教授领衔的团队在美国各地招募了60名青少年进行了为期8周的监测,通过每日3次生态瞬时评估询问青少年社交媒体使用相关的消极体验(如感到焦虑)、积极体验(如受到鼓励)... 详细信息

社交媒体使用与青少年自杀风险的关联受到广泛关注。匹兹堡大学David教授领衔的团队在美国各地招募了60名青少年进行了为期8周的监测,通过每日3次生态瞬时评估询问青少年社交媒体使用相关的消极体验(如感到焦虑)、积极体验(如受到鼓励)及自杀意念,首次通过密集监测设计探讨青少年社交媒体体验与自杀意念间的关联,结果显示,频繁经历消极的社交媒体体验的青少年更可能报告自杀意念,而积极的社交媒体体验与自杀意念报告率降低有关。此外,未发现社交媒体的使用时间(视屏时间)与自杀意念间的显著关联。研究提示社交媒体经历可能是青少年自杀可修饰的风险因素,未来的研究应将增强青少年社交媒体的积极体验感作为改善青少年心理健康和预防自杀的目标,而不仅仅是限制视屏时间。

关键词：社交媒体匹兹堡大学自杀意念青少年自杀积极体验青少年心理健康监测设计消极体验

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