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Scale,Information-Processing,and Complementarities in Old-World Axial Age Societies

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第2期3卷 119-127页

作者： ian Morris the Department of Classics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305-2145USA

Recent cross-disciplinary work on quantifying historical dynamics has made major contributions to ***,efforts to specify relationships between scale and information-processing always run a risk of shoehorning messy realities into overly rigid *** the case of the first-millennium BCE“Axial Age”in the Old World,networks of collective computing were structured more by cultural systems than by polities,and to understand the relationships between political scale and collective computational abilities,scholars need categories flexible enough to clarify the complementarities between political and cultural systems.

关键词： scale information-processing Axial Age ancient Greece

DESIGN FROM THE OUTSIDE IN

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第1期5卷 13-18页

作者： ian Shapiro PE

INTRODUCTION As green building design matures,guiding principles can give form to the *** example,over the past twenty years,the principle of“the building as a whole”has been developed in energy-systems design,empha... 详细信息

关键词： has SIDE lighting

50 years change in urban land use and ecological planning globally in the era of design with nature

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2019年第1期5卷 185-198,I0001页

作者： ian Douglas School of Environment Education and DevelopmentUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK

ian McHarg’s 1969 book,Design with Nature,was grounded in earlier good practice,especially the European vision of fitting cities into the regional landscape and carrying thorough surveys before planning *** book emerged in the wake of publications that worried about the ability of the earth to support expanding populations and their growing impact on the *** argued that ecological design should follow planning based on detailed site *** McHarg advised many urban authorities in the USA and other countries,especially in Africa,Asia and Europe,and his ideas had influenced some British new towns,they had little attention in the planning of Milton Keynes,England’s largest new urban settlement,where the initial geological surveys were inadequate,but a successful large tree-planting programhas created a“city in the forest.”McHarg was however closely involved in planning the Nigerian Capital city,Abuja,but his sound master plan was ill-equipped to provide for a nation undergoing post-conflict rebuilding and a local population more concerned with access to land than ecological ***,McHarg helped us to promote,protect,and preserve urban green *** teams from different disciplines now work well together,the integrated thinking advocated by McHarg remains sometimes in short supply in local practice.

关键词： Planning design urban nature garden city site investigation

Interstitial strengthening in *** and alloys

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Advanced Powder Materials

Advanced Powder Materials 2022年第4期1卷 1-7页

作者： ian Baker Thayer SchoolofEngineering DartmouthCollegeHanoverNH03755USA

In this short review,we highlight instances where interstitials have been shown to substantially increase the yield strength and work-hardening rate(WHR)of ***,particularly high entropy alloys,medium entropy alloys,TWIP steels and stainless ***,the common practice of describing interstitial strengthening in *** using models that are used to explain substitutional strengthening appears to be neither appropriate nor *** we suggest,based on the literature,that the yield strength increase due to interstitials in *** is more appropriately described by a linear dependence on the concentration:due to a paucity of experimental studies,the dependence of the yield strength and WHR on misfit parameters is currently ***,the source of the strengthening remains unclear.A feature that has been observed in several *** is that interstitial additions lead to a change from wavy to planar slip although the origin of this change,which may be related to changes in stacking fault energy as well as other factors,remains *** paper concludes by outlining areas of future research,including the need to develop a new model for interstitial strengthening in ***.

关键词： Interstitials f.c.c.alloys High entropy alloys Yield strength Work-hardening rate

A fast and accurate model for the creation of explosion fragments with improved fragment shape and dimensions

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第2期18卷 159-169页

作者： David Felix ian Colwill Paul Harris School of Computing Engineering&MathematicsUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK Engineering and Design(Alumni) University of SussexBrightonUK

Explosion models based on Finite Element Analysis(FEA)can be used to simulate how a warhead *** their execution times are *** protection systems need to make very fast predictions,before a fast attacking weapon hits the *** execution times are also needed in real time simulations where the impact of many different computer models is being ***,FEA explosion models are not appropriate for these real-time *** research presented in this paper delivers a fast simulation model based on Mott’s equation that calculates the number and weight of fragments created by an *** addition,the size and shape of fragments,unavailable in Mott’s equation,are calculated using photographic evidence and a distribution of a fragment’s length to its *** model also identifies the origin of fragments on the warhead’s *** results are verified against experimental data and a fast execution time is achieved using uncomplicated simulation *** developed model then can be made available for real-time simulation and fast computation.

关键词： Distribution of fragments Fragment shape Real-time simulation Cylindrical explosion

Lag times in toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)operations explain underlying heavy oil production mechanisms

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Petroleum Science 2022年第3期19卷 1165-1173页

作者： Wei Wei ian D.Gates Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

From a time value of revenue point of view,it is preferred that the time between reservoir stimulation and oil production response is *** oil combustion processes have a lag time between air injection and liquid production,but the common practice in production data analysis uses simultaneous injection and production data when seeking a relationship between *** this research,the time scales of production for the Kerrobert toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)heavy oil project in Saskatchewan,Canada,is analyzed by using cross correlation analysis,*** delay analysis between air injection and oil *** results reveal two time scales with respect to production response with two distinctive recovery mechanisms:(1)a short time scale response(nearly instantaneous)where oil production peaks right after air injection(directly after opening production well)reflecting cold heavy oil production mechanisms,and(2)a longer time scale(of order of 100-300 days)response where peak production occurs associated with the collective phenomena of air injection,heat generating reactions,heat transfer,and finally,heated mobilized heavy oil drainage to the production *** understanding of the two time scales and associated production mechanisms provides a basis for improving the performance of THAI.

关键词： Heavy oil In situ combustion Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Production analysis Lag time

The Roper-Suffridge extension operator and classes of biholomorphic mappings Dedicated to Professor Sheng GONG on the occasion of his 75th birthday

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Science China Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1539-1552页

作者： GRAHAM ian KOHR Gabriela Department of Mathematics University of Toronto TorontoOntario M5S 2E4Canada Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Babes-Bolyai University 1 M. Kogǎlniceanu Str. 400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

In this paper we give a survey about the Roper-Suffridge extension operator and the developments in the theory of univalent mappings in several variables to which it has led. We begin with the basic geometric properties (most of which now have a number of different proofs)and discuss relations with the theory of Loewner chains and generalizations and modifications of the operator, some of which are very recent.

关键词： convex mapping, starlike mapping, Roper-Suffridge operator, growth theorem, distortion theorem, covering theorem, Loewner chain, parametric representation,extreme points, linear invariant family.

Self-assembly and chemical processing of block copolymers:A roadmap towards a diverse array of block copolymer nanostructures

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第8期56卷 1040-1066页

作者： WYMAN ian LIU GuoJun Department of Chemistry Queen's University

Block copolymers can yield a diverse array of *** assembly structures are influenced by their inherent structures,and the wide variety of structures that can be prepared especially becomes apparent when one considers the number of routes available to prepare block copolymer *** examples include self-assembly,directed assembly,coupling,as well as hierarchical assembly,which can yield assemblies having even higher structural *** assembly routes can also be complemented by processing techniques such as selective crosslinking and etching,the former technique leading to permanent structures,the latter towards sculpted and the combination of the two towards permanent sculpted *** combination of these pathways provides extremely versatile routes towards an exciting variety of *** review will attempt to highlight destinations reached by LIU Guojun and coworkers following these pathways.

关键词： block copolymers self-assembly chemical processing crosslinking

The ballistic performance of the bombard Mons Meg

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 59-68页

作者： ian LEWTAS Rachael MCALISTER Adam WALLIS Clive WOODLEY ian CULLIS QinetiQ Fort Halstead

The bombard Mons Meg, located in Edinburgh Castle, with a diameter of 19 inches(48 cm), was one of the largest calibre cannons ever *** in 1449 and presented to King James II of Scotland in 1454, Mons Meg was used in both military and ceremonial roles in Scotland until its barrel burst in 1680. This paper examines the history, internal, external and terminal ballistics of the cannon and its shot. The likely muzzle velocity was estimated by varying the propellant type and the cannon profile was investigated to identify weak spots in the design that may have led to its failure. Using the muzzle velocity calculated from the internal ballistics, simulations were performed with granite and sandstone shot for varying launch angle and ground temperature. The likely trajectory and range of the cannonballs are described. The internal and external ballistics informed the initial conditions of the terminal ballistic impact scenarios. The performance of the cannonball against both period and modern targets, in the form of a pseudo-castle wall and a monolithic concrete target, respectively, were simulated and are presented and discussed.

关键词：弹道性能 Meg 内弹道计算 19英寸速度估计地面温度弹道冲击苏格兰