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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1023-1025页

作者： Britanny Bass Sarah Upson Kamolika Roy Emily L.Montgomery Tuula O.jalonen ian v.j.murray Department of Physiology and Neuroscience St.George’s University School of Medicine

Introduction：Alzheimer’s disease（AD）begins to develop decades prior to its clinical manifestation（Sperling et al.,2011）,and while it is the most common form of dementia,as of yet there is no *** of the most researched pathological features contributing to disease development are the extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-beta proteins（Aβ）and neurofibrillary tangles of tau *** feature of AD is the progression of early neuronal excitability/hyperactivity to silencing/hypoactivity（Palop and Mucke,2010）,

关键词： Glycogen and amyloid-beta key players in the shift from neuronal hyperactivity to hypoactivity observed in Alzheimer’s disease

Considerations for exerkine research focusing on the response to exercise training

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 130-132页

作者： ian A.j.Darragh Brendan Egan School of Health and Human Performance Dublin City UniversityGlasnevinDublin D09 V209Ireland Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition PensacolaFL 32502USA

García-Hermoso and colleagues1 recently published a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations in type 2diabetes mellitus patients,providing a contemporary view on how exerkines respond to exercise *** review prompted us to highlight 2 additional considerations that should be taken into account when studying the response of exerkines to exercise ***,whether exerkines can exhibit discordant responses to acute exercise compared to exercise training,and secondly,the need to consider the residual effects of the most recent exercise bout.

关键词： acute exercise prompt

Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn’s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3367-3375页

作者： ian Craig Lawrance Christopher j Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Western AustraliaWA 6160 Australia

AIM: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical ***: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement. These categories were: (1) "fibrosis", (2) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and mild wall thickening", (3) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and marked wall thickening", (4) "marked segmental transmural hyper-enhancement". Patient response to additional medical therapy post-MRI was prospectively determined at 8-wk. Non-responders underwent endoscopy and were offered therapeutic endoscopy or surgery. Surgical pathology was assessed against the MRI category. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included. Females and category "2" patients were more likely, and patients with luminal narrowing and hold-up less likely, to respond to medical therapy (P venteen patients underwent surgery. The surgical pathologicalfindings of fibrosis and the severity of inflammation correlated with the MRI category in all ***: Our fi ndings suggest that SB CD can be grouped by the MRI f indings and that these groups are associated with patients more likely to respond to continued medical therapy. The MRI categories also correlated with the presence and level of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis on surgical pathology, and may be of prognostic use in the management of CD patients.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Crohn's disease Fibrosis Prognosis Pathology

Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through:Which is optimal?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5300-5306页

作者： ian C Lawrance Christopher j Welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathe-matics and StatisticsUniversity of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

AIM： TO determine if a nasojejunal tube （NjT） is required for optimal examination of enteroclysis and if patients can be examined only in the supine position. METHODS： Data were collected from all patients undergoing small bowel （SB） magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） examination over a 32-mo period. Patients either underwent a magnetic resonance （MR） follow-through （MRFT） or a MR enteroclysis （MRE） in the supine position. The quality of proximal and distal SB distension as well as the presence of motion artefact and image quality were assessed by 2 radiologists. RESULTS： One hundred and fourteen MR studies were undertaken （MRFT-49, MRE-65） in 108 patients in the supine position only. Image artefact was more frequent in MRE than in MRFT （29.2% vs 18.4%）, but was not statistically significant （P = 0.30）. Adequate distension of the distal SB was obtained in 97.8% of MRFT examinations and in 95.4% of MRE examinations, respectively. Proximal SB distension was, however, less frequently optimal in MRFT than in MRE （P = 0.0036）, particularly in patients over the age of 50 years （P = 0.0099）. Image quality was good in all examinations. CONCLUSION： All patients could be successfully iraaged in the supine position. MRE and MRFT are equivalent for distal SB distension and artefact effects. Proximal SB distension is frequently less optimal in MRFT than in MRE. MRE is, therefore, the preferred MR examination method of the SB.

关键词： Magnetic resonance enteroclysis Magnetic resonance enterography Magnetic resonance follow through Artefact

Risk factors for Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma:Results from the FINBAR study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第10期13卷 1585-1594页

作者： Lesley A Anderson RG Peter Watson Seamus j Murphy Brian T johnston Harry Comber jim Mc Guigan john v Reynolds Liam j murray Centre for Clinical and Population Sciences Queen's UniversityBelfastNorthern Ireland Royal Group of Hospitals BelfastNorthern Ireland National Cancer Registry CorkIreland St.james's Hospital DublinIreland

AIM:To investigate risk factors associated with Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal ***:This all-Ireland population-based case-control study recruited 224 Barrett's oesophagus patients,227 oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients and 260 *** participants underwent a structured interview with information obtained about potential lifestyle and environmental risk ***:Gastro-oesophageal reflux was associated with Barrett's [OR 12.0(95% CI 7.64-18.7)] and oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 3.48(95% CI 2.25-5.41)].Oesophageal adenocarcinoma patients were more likely than controls to be ex-or current smokers [OR 1.72(95% CI 1.06-2.81)and OR 4.84(95% CI 2.72-8.61)respectively] and to have a high body mass index [OR 2.69(95% CI 1.62-4.46)].No significant associations were observed between these risk factors and Barrett's *** but not vegetables were negatively associated with oesophageal adenocarcinoma [OR 0.50(95% CI 0.30-0.86)].CONCLUSION:A high body mass index,a diet low in fruit and cigarette smoking may be involved in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Barrett's oesophagus Oesophagealadenocarcinoma Smoking Gastro-oesophageal reflux Body mass index Diet Case-control

Effect of arsenic contaminated irrigation water on Lens culinaris *** toxicity assessment using lux marked biosensor

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 1106-1116页

作者： F.R.Sadeque Ahmed ian j.Alexander Mwinyikione Mwinyihija Ken Killham Department of Environment (Climate Change) E-16 AgargaonDhakaBangladesh School of Biological Sciences Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB24 3UUUK Kenya Leather Development Council P.O.Box 14480NairobiKenya Remedios Limited Balgownie Technology CentreCampus 3 Balgownie DriveAberdeenAB22 8GWUK

Contamination of irrigation water represents a major constraint to Bangladesh agriculture,resulting in elevated levels in the terrestrial *** bacterial biosensor technology has previously been used to measure the toxicity of metals in various environmental *** arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have their most significant effect on phosphorus uptake,but showed alleviated metal toxicity to the host *** study examined the effects of arsenic and inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus,Glomus mosseae,on lentil （Lens culinaris ***）.Plants were grown with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum for 9 weeks in a sand and terra-green mixture （50：50,v/v） and watered with five levels of arsenic （0,1,2,5,10 mg As/L arsenate）.The results showed that arsenic addition above 1 mg/L significantly reduced percentage of mycorrhizal root *** further analysis a close relationship was established with the vegetative and reproductive properties of lentil （***） plants compared to the percentage bioluminescence of the soil ***,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reduced arsenic concentration in roots and *** concentrations of arsenic （5,10 mg As/L arsenate） reduced the mycorrhizal efficiency to increase phosphorus content and nitrogen ***,this study showed that increased concentration of arsenic in irrigation water had direct implications to the lentil （***） plants overall *** the use of bioassay demonstrated that mycorrhiza and clay particle reduced arsenic bioavailability in soil.

关键词： bioassay contaminated water lentil trace metals vegetative response

Profiling elite male 100-m sprint performance:The role of maximum velocity and relative acceleration

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 75-84页

作者： Robin Healy ian C.Kenny Andrew j.Harrison Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of LimerickV94 T9PXIreland Department of Sport and Health Sciences Athlone Institute of TechnologyN37 HD68Ireland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerickV94 T9PXIreland

Purpose:This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a 4 split time modelling method to generate velocity-time and velocity-distance variables in elite male 100-m sprinters and subsequently to assess the roles of key sprint parameters with respect to 100-m sprint ***,this study aimed to assess the differences between faster and slower sprinters in key sprint variables that have not been assessed in previous ***:velocity-time and velocity-distance curves were generated using a mono-exponential function from 4 split times for 82 male sprinters during major athletics *** race variables-maximum velocity,the acceleration time constant(τ),and percentage of velocity lost(vLoss)-were derived for each *** were divided into tertiles,based on 100-m time,with the first and third tertiles considered to be the faster and slower groups,respectively,to facilitate further ***:Modelled split times and velocities displayed excellent accuracy and close agreement with raw measures(range of mean bias was-0.2%to 0.2%,and range of intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs)was 0.935 to 0.999)except for 10-m time(mean bias was 1.6%±1.3%,and the ICC was 0.600).The 100-m sprint performance time and all 20-m split times had a significant near-perfect negative correlation with maximum velocity(r≥-0.90)except for the 0 to 20-m split time,where a significantly large negative correlation was found(r=-0.57).The faster group had a significantly higher maximum velocity andτ(pvLoss(p=0.085).Conclusion:Coaches and researchers are encouraged to utilize the 4 split time method proposed in the current study to assess several key race variables that describe a sprinter’s performance capacities,which can be subsequently used to further inform training.

关键词： Deceleration Modelling Race phases Reaction time Split times

TCR-pMHC: may the force be of you?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1622-1623页

作者： joseph S.murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

Theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)is a transmembrane heterodimer containing genetically variable(v)domains and constant domains within each polypeptide chain.1 The vαand vβdomains bind with a clonally unique(clonotypic)interface angle,2 and the complementary determining regions(CDR1,CDR2,and CDR3)manifest as‘loops’between anti-parallelβ-strands of the overall sandwich ofβ-sheets with a central disulfide *** with immunoglobulins,the CDR1 and CDR2 loops are encoded in the germline via the particular v-region DNA segment involved in the RAG1/RAG2 recombination mechanism responsible for somatic construction,together with the D-and/or j-segment,of the third loop,CDR3.1,3 As shown by multiple solved X-ray crystallography structures,the CDRs contain the closest amino acid(a.a.)contacts with the peptide(p)plus the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein(together abbrev.,pMHC)composite *** rigorous selection in the thymus for only those TCRs that should function properly in the particular individual after birth(MHC restriction),4 T cells function clonally as well,i.e.,different T-cell clones display differential responses to not only different pMHC ligands but also perhaps more importantly,to the same pMHC ligands.5,6 A long-standing question is how(not whether)TCR v-domain binding to pMHC is ultimately responsible for such vast biological outcomes as protection *** to infectious diseases,atopy,the onset of autoimmune diseases,and the success of various types of transplantation.

关键词： properly sandwich rigorous

A new cache of Eoarchaean detrital zircons from the Singhbhum craton,eastern India and constraints on early Earth geodynamics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第4期10卷 1359-1370页

作者： Bulusu Sreenivas Sukanta Dey Y.j. Bhaskar Rao T. vijaya Kumar E.v.S.S.K. Babu ian S. Williams CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad 500007India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and ResearchKolkata 741246India Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityCanberra 2601Australia

The dominant geodynamic processes that underpin the formation and evolution of Earth’s early crust remain enigmatic calling for new information from less studied ancient cratonic ***,we present U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of detrital zircon grains from^2.9 Ga old quartzites and magmatic zircon from a 3.505 Ga old dacite from the Iron Ore Group of the Singhbhum craton,eastern *** detrital zircon grains range in age between 3.95 Ga and 2.91 *** with the recently reported Hadean,Eoarchean xenocrystic(up to 4.24 Ga)and modem detritus zircon grains from the Singhbhum craton,our results suggest that the Eoarchean detrital zircons represent crust generated by recycling of Hadean felsic crust formed at^4.3-4.2 Ga and^3.95 *** observe a prominent shift in Hf isotope compositions at^3.6-3.5 Ga towards super-chondritic values,which signify an increased role for depleted mantle and the relevance of plate *** Paleo-,Mesoarchean zircon Hf isotopic record in the craton indicates crust generation involving the role of both depleted and enriched mantle *** infer a short-lived suprasubduction setting around^3.6-3.5 Ga followed by mantle plume activity during the Paleo-,Mesoarchean crust formation in the Singhbhum *** Singhbhum craton provides an additional repository for Earth’s oldest materials.

关键词： U-Pb zircon ages Hf isotopes Singhbhum craton Hadean Eoarchean Geodynamics

Modeling Fiber Composites during the Cure Process for Piezoelectric Actuation

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World journal of Mechanics 2013年第1期3卷 26-42页

作者： Darryl v. murray Oliver j. Myers 不详

Analytical, numerical, and experimental modeling methods are presented to predict deformation after the cure process of thin unsymmetric laminates for piezoelectric actuation. During fabrication, laminates deform to several post-cure room temperature shapes. Thin cross-ply laminates deform to a circular cylindrical post-cure shape while thicker laminates deform to a saddle shape. Post-cure shapes are dependent on ply orientation, thickness, and material properties. Because, CLT alone does not always predict the correct post-cure room temperature shape of the thin composite laminates, an extension of CLT with the Rayleigh-Ritz technique and potential energies are used to better predict these shapes. Finite element models are used to predict the post-cure room temperature shapes. Thin composite laminates are modeled coupling heat transfer and structural mechanics, which are necessary for modeling the cure process. Modeling the fabrication process captured important data such as residual stresses from the cure process, room temperature shapes, and bi-stability of the composite laminates. To validate these analytical and numerical results, experiments were con- ducted using macro-fiber composite (MFC) patches for morphing the laminates. The experimental piezoelectric morph- ing results relate well to analytical and numerical results.

关键词： Composite Piezoelectric Morphing Modeling