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Early life exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs):A critical review

Emerging Contaminants 2017年第2期3卷 55-68页

作者： Kerstin Winkens Robin Vestergren Urs Berger ian tcousins Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden Swedish Environmental Research Institute IVL SE-10031 StockholmSweden Department Analytical Chemistry Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research(UFZ)DE-04318 LeipzigGermany

Due to the dynamic developmental processes during pregnancy,infancy,childhood and adolescence,exposure to PFASs is hypothesized to have the most pronounced negative effects during this *** this review we critically evaluate the current state of the science regarding human early life exposure processes(until 18 years of age)to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).Efficient placental transfer of perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)results in relatively high prenatal exposure compared with many neutral organic *** few biomonitoring studies that specifically target infants,toddlers and other children suggest relatively high serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)in early life with peak concentrations occurring sometime before the child reaches 20 *** peak in serum concentrations is most likely explained by exposure via breastfeeding,ingestion of house dust and/or specific contact events with consumer products leading to high body weight normalized estimated daily intakes(EDIs).Although children have higher EDIs of PFASs than adults,these are not always reflected by higher serum levels of PFASs in children in cross-sectional biomonitoring studies due to the confounding effect of age and birth cohort,and different exposure histories due to production *** exposure studies measuring internal and external exposure(for multiple pathways and PFASs)at several time points during early life are strongly encouraged to understand temporal changes in exposure of individual children.A better quantitative understanding of early life exposure processes would help to improve the validity of epidemiological studies and allow informed decisions regarding setting of regulatory thresholds and appropriate mitigation actions.

关键词： life exposure likely

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