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Mechanisms of Optimal Defense Patterns in Nicotiana attenuata: Flowering Attenuates Herbivory-elicited Ethylene and Jasmonate Signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第12期53卷 971-983页

作者： Celia Diezel Silke Allmann ian t.baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena 07745 Germany Department of Plant Physiology Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Amsterdam 1098 XH the Netherlands

to defend themselves against herbivore attack, plants produce secondary metabolites, which are variously inducible and constitutively deployed, presumably to optimize their fitness benefits in light of their fitness costs. three phytohormones, jasmonates （JA） and their active forms, the JA-isoleucine （JA-Ile） and ethylene （Et）, are known to play central roles in the elicitation of induced defenses, but little is known about how this mediation changes over ontogeny. the Optimal Defense theory （ODt） predicts changes in the costs and benefits of the different types of defenses and has been usefully extrapolated to their modes of deployment. Here we studied whether the herbivore-induced accumulation of JA, JA-Ile and Et changed over ontogeny in Nicotiana attenuata, a native tobacco in which inducible defenses are particularly well studied. Herbivore-elicited Et production changed dramatically during six developmental stages, from rosette through flowering, decreasing with the elongation of the first corollas during flower development. this decrease was largely recovered within a day after flower removal by decapitation. A similar pattern was found for the herbivore-induced accumulation of JA and JA-Ile. these results are consistent with ODt predictions and suggest that the last steps in floral development control the inducibility of at least three plant hormones, optimizing defense-growth tradeoffs.

关键词： flowering jasmonic acid jasmonic acid-isoleucine ethylene Manduca sexta Nicotiana attenuata ontogeny optimal defense theory plant-herbivore interactions.

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ZEItLUPE is required for shade avoidance in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata^FA

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第9期62卷 1341-1351页

作者： Yong Zou Ran Li ian t.baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical EcologyJena 07745Germany Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Being shaded is a common environmental stress for plants, especial y for densely planted crops. Shade de-creases red: far-red (R:FR) ratios that inactivate phyto-chrome B (PHYB) and subsequently release phytochrome interaction factors (PIFs). Shaded plants display elongated hypocotyls, internodes, and petioles, hyponastic leaves, early flowering and are inhibited in branching: traits col ectively cal ed the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). ZEItLUPE (ZtL) is a circadian clock component and blue light photoreceptor, which is also involved in floral rhythms and plant defense in Nicotiana attenuata. ztl mutants are hypersensitive to red light and ZtL physical y interacts with PHYB, suggesting the involvement of ZtL in R:FR light signaling. Here, we show that N. attenuata ZtL-silenced plants display a phenotype op-posite to that of the SAS under normal light. After simulated shade, the normal y induced transcript levels of the SAS mar-ker gene, AtHB2 are attenuated in ZtL-silenced plants. the auxin signaling pathway, known to be involved in SAS, was also significantly attenuated. Furthermore, NaZtL directly in-teracts with NaPHYBs, and regulates the transcript levels of PHYBs, PIF3a, PIF7 and PIF8 under shade. Our results suggest that ZtL may regulate PHYB- and the auxin-mediated sig-naling pathway, which functions in the SAS of N. attenuata.

关键词： traits planted branching

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Nicotiana attenuata's capacity to interact with arbuscular mycorrhiza alters its competitive ability and elicits major changes in the leaf transcriptome

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 242-261页

作者： Ming Wang Julia Wilde ian t.baldwin Karin Groten Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-Str.8Jena 07745Germany

to study the local and systemic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal （AMF） colonization, Nicotiana attenuata plants impaired in their interactions with AMF due to silencing of a calcium- and calmodulin dependent protein kinase （inverted repreat （ir）CCaMK） were grown competitively in pairs with empty vector （EV） plants, with and without two different types of inoculum. When inoculated, EV plants strongly outperformed irCCaMK plants. Foliar transcript profiling revealed that AMF colonization significantly changed gene expression of P-starvation and -transporter genes in irCCaMK plants. the Phtl family phosphate transporter NaPt5 was not only specifically induced in roots after AMF colonization, but also in leaves of AMF-colonized irCCaMK plants, and in plants grown under low Pi conditions in the absence of AMF. the P-starvation signature of inoculated irCCaMK plants corresponded with increases in selected amino acids and phenolic compounds in leaves. We also found a strong AMF-induced increase in amino acids and phenolic metabolites in roots. Plants impaired in their interactions with AMF clearly have a fitness disadvantage when competing for limited soil nutrients with a fully functional isogenic line. the additional role of the AMF-induced Phtl family transporter NaPt5 in leaves under P-starvation conditions will require further experiments to fully resolve.

关键词： William J. Lucas University of California Davis USA

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Natural variation in linalool metabolites:One genetic locus,many functions?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第8期63卷 1416-1421页

作者： Jun He Rayko Halitschke ian t.baldwin Meredith C.Schuman National Citrus Engineering Research Center Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing400712 China Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena07745 Germany Departments of Geography and Chemistry University of ZürichZürich8057 Switzerland

the ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile *** studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in(S)-(+)-linalool contents,and lines engineered to produce either(R)-(-)-or(S)-(+)-***(S)-(+)-linalool production was associated with slower growth of a generalist herbivore,and a large fraction was present as nonvolatile *** found that variation in volatile linalool and its nonvolatile glycosides mapped to the same genetic locus which harbored the biosynthetic gene,NaLIS,but that free linalool varied more in environmental *** study reveals how(S)-(+)-linalool and conjugates differ in their regulation and possible functions in resistance.

关键词： conjugated linalool Nicotiana attenuata Spodoptera littoralis

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Fitness consequences of a clock pollinator filter in Nicotiana attenuata flowers in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第11期59卷 805-809页

作者： felipe yon danny kessler youngsung joo sang-gyu kim ian t.baldwin department of molecular ecology max planck institute for chemical ecologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany center for genome engineering institute for basic scienceYuseong-gu34047 DaejeonSouth Korea

Nicotiana attenuata flowers, diurnally open,emit scents and move vertically to interact with nocturnal hawkmoth and day-active hummingbird pollinators. to examine the fitness consequences of these floral rhythms, we conducted pollination trials in the plant’s native habitat with phase-shifted flowers of plants silenced in circadian clock genes. the results revealed that some pollination benefits observed under glasshouse conditions were not reproduced under natural field conditions. Floral arrhythmicity increased pollination success by hummingbirds, while reducing those by hawkmoths in the field. thus, floral circadian rhythms may influence a plant’s fitness by filtering pollinators leading to altered seed set from outcrossed pollen.

关键词： Fitness consequences a clock pollinator filter in Niicotiana attenuata flowers in nature

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Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co-infestation or altered cytokinin signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第1期59卷 44-59页

作者： Nora Adam theresa Erler Mario Kallenbach Martin Kaltenpoth Grit Kunert ian t.baldwin Meredith C.Schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Deutscher Platz5e 04103 Leipzig Germany Max Planck Research Group Insect Symbiosis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany

Herbivore species sharing a host plant often compete. In this study, we show that host plant-mediated interaction between two insect herbivores-a generalist and a specialist-results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist＇s offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist tupiocoris notatus（Hemiptera： Miridae）when co-infesting the host plant Nicotiana attenuata（Solanaceae） with the generalist leafhopper Empoasca sp.（Hemiptera： Cicadellidae）. We show that the usually female-biased sex ratio of t. notatus shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants coinfested by Empoasca sp. this sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PCR of bacterial 16 S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with Wolbachia or other known sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of *** to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors（irCHK2/3）.thus, cytokinin-regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist ***.

关键词： Empoasca populations specialist offspring Hemiptera altered Nicotiana specialized Solanaceae transgenic

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Olive fruits infested with olive fly larvae respond with an ethylene burst and the emission of specific volatiles

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 413-425页

作者： Fiammetta Alagna Mario Kallenbach Andrea Pompa Francesca De Marchis Rosa Rao ian t.baldwin Gustavo Bonaventure Luciana Baldoni CNR-Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources(IBBR) Perugia 06128Italy Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute of Chemical EcologyJena 07745Germany Department of Agronomy University of Naples"Federico II"80055 PorticiItaly

Olive fly（Bactrocera oleae R.） is the most harmful insect pest of olive（Olea europaea L.） which strongly affects fruits and oil production. Despite the expanding economic importance of olive cultivation, up to now, only limited information on plant responses to B. oleae is available. Here,we demonstrate that olive fruits respond to B. oleae attack by producing changes in an array of different defensive compounds including phytohormones, volatile organic compounds（VOCs）, and defense proteins. Bactrocera oleaeinfested fruits induced a strong ethylene burst and transcript levels of several putative ethylene-responsive transcription factors became significantly upregulated. Moreover, infested fruits induced significant changes in the levels of 12-oxophytodienoic acid and C12 derivatives of the hydroperoxide lyase. the emission of VOCs was also changed quantitatively and qualitatively in insect-damaged fruits, indicating that *** larval feeding can specifically affect the volatile blend offruits. Finally, we show that larval infestation maintained high levels of trypsin protease inhibitors in ripe fruits, probably by affecting post-transcriptional mechanisms. Our results provide novel and important information to understand the response of the olive fruit to B. oleae attack; information that can shed light onto potential new strategies to combat this pest.

关键词： Bactrocera oleae biotic stress Olea europaea phytohormones plant defense volatile organic compounds

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the circadian clock contributes to diurnal patterns of plant indirect defense in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第8期61卷 924-928页

作者： Youngsung Joo Jay K.Goldberg Lucille t.S.Chretien Sang-Gyu Kim ian t.baldwin Meredith C.Schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany Department of Biology Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon(ENS L)46 Allee d'ltalie69007 LyonFrance Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyYuseong-guDaejeon 34141South Korea Department of Biology Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte(IRBI) UMR 7261CNRS/Universite Francois-Rabelais de ToursAvenue MongeParc Grandmont37200 ToursFrance Laboratory of Entomology(WUR) Wageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Building 107/W0.Aa.0816708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 Zurich

the plant circadian clock regulates the rhythms of plant *** herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)fluctuate,diurnally,but the role of the circadian clock in the emission of HIPVs and their ecological consequences remains largely ***,we show that the timing of herbivore attack can alter the outcome of tri-trophic interactions,and this is mediated by the circadian clock,under both field and glasshouse *** most HIPV emissions did not have a circadian rhythm,the circadian clock modulated HIPV emissions in a time-dependent *** mediate tri-trophic interactions,and the circadian clock may affect these interactions by modulating HIPV emission in nature.

关键词： herbivore glasshouse circadian rhythm

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Jasmonate signaling makes flowers attractive to pollinators and repellant to florivores in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 190-194页

作者： ran li meredith c.schuman yang wang lucas cortes llorca julia bing anne bennion rayko halitschke ian t.baldwin department of molecular ecology max planck institute for chemical ecologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany department of microbiology and molecular biology brigham young university4007BLSBProvoUT 84602USA

Flowers are required for the Darwinian fitness of flowering plants, but flowers＇ advertisements for pollination services can attract florivores. Previous glasshouse work with Nicotiana attenuata revealed the role of jasmonate （JA） signaling in flower development, advertisement and defense. However, whether JA signaling mediates flowers＇ filtering of floral visitors in nature remained unknown. this field study revealed that silencing JA signaling resulted in flowers that produce less nectar and benzyl acetone, two pollinatorattractive traits. Meanwhile, flowers of defenseless plants were highly attacked by a suite of native herbivores, and damage to buds in native plants correlated negatively with their JA-lle levels.

关键词： EV JA Figure Jasmonate signaling makes flowers attractive to pollinators and repellant to florivores in nature

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Silencing Nicotiana attenuata calcium-dependent protein kinases,CDPK4 and CDPK5,strongly upregulates wound- and herbivory-induced jasmonic acid accumulations

Silencing Nicotiana attenuata calcium-dependent protein kina...

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第十三届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： Christian Hettenhausen ian t.baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoell Str.807745 JenaGermany

the plant hormone jasmonic acid(JA) plays a pivotal role in plant-insect interactions. Herbivore attack usually elicits dramatic increases in JA concentrations,which in turn activates the accumulation of metabolites that function as defenses against *** almost all enzymes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of JA have been identified and characterized,the mechanism by which plants regulate JA

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