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Functional Electrical Stimulation of Peroneal Muscles on Balance in Healthy Females

Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2021年第1期2021卷 79-86页

作者： Zoe A.Bamber Wei Sun Rhea S.Menon Patrick C.Wheeler ian d.swain daniel T.P.Fong National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK division of Orthopaedics Trauma and Sports MedicineSchool of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Shandong Sport University JinanShandongChina department of Sport and Exercise Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicesterUK The Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK

Balance improvement could contribute to ankle stability for the prevention of ankle *** electrical stimulation(FES)is an effective way of augmenting muscle activity and improving *** study investigated the effect of FES of peroneal muscles on single-and double-leg *** healthy females(age=23:1±1:6 years,height=1:63±0:07m,and weight=63:7±9:9 kg)performed single-and double-leg standing balance tests with eyes open and closed before and after 15-minute FES intervention during treadmill running at a comfortable,self-selected *** of peroneal muscles was provided bilaterally,using an Odstock dropped Foot *** total excursion of the centre of pressure(COP)was calculated to assess the standing balance control *** total excursion of COP in single-and double-leg stance with eyes open reduced significantly after FES intervention by 14.7%(pd 5.9%(p=0:031),*** eyes-closed condition exhibited a 12.7%(p=0:002)reduction in single-leg stance but did not significantly change in double-leg stance(p>0:05).Limb preference did not account for balance *** significant difference in total excursion of COP was found between preferred and less preferred limbs with both visual conditions(p>0:05).FES of peroneal muscles improved standing balance control with eyes open in double-leg and single-leg stance and with eyes closed in double-leg *** improvements in balance control with FES treatment did not vary concerning limb preference.

关键词： prevention stimulation Functional

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Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su ian N.Levasseur Kimberly M.Alonge department of Medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA department of Medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECM),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECM regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(Miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(Moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECM indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

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Can a Purposeful Walk Intervention with a distance Goal Using an Activity Monitor Improve Individuals'daily Activity and Function Post Total Hip Replacement Surgery.A Randomized Pilot Trial

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2023年第1期4卷 1-13页

作者： Shayan Bahadori Jonathan Mark Williams Sarah Collard and ian swain Orthopaedic Research Institute Bournemouth UniversityBournemouthDorsetUK Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Bournemouth UniversityBournemouthDorsetUK Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK

Individuals have increasingly high expectations of return to activity following total hip replacement(THR)*** current literature demonstrates marked improvements in pain following ***,there is limited evidence showing objective improvement in daily *** randomized pilot trial aimed to determine the effect of an intervention where outdoor walking distance is used as a goal to increase daily activity of older adults using a commercial activity monitor at 3 to 6 months post *** suggested that the participants in the intervention group had higher activity levels after THR,compared to those in the control *** Cohen’s effect sizes were larger for the changes in the gait,Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,and Psychosocial Impact of Assistive devices Scale data in the intervention group in contrast to the control ***,further research with a larger sample size is required to provide tangible evidence on the significance of the effect of the purposeful walk compared to step count.

关键词： return effect sizes

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A comparison between reported and ideal patient-to-therapist ratios for stroke rehabilitation

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Health 2013年第6期5卷 105-112页

作者： Gabrielle McHugh ian d. swain department of design Engineering and Computing Bournemouth University Poole UK Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust Wiltshire UK

Objective: Major improvement has been made in the medical management of stroke in the UK between 2008 and 2010 based on the indicators measured in the National Sentinel Audit. However based on the same audit, no corresponding improvement has been effected to patient functional impairment levels on hospital discharge in the corresponding time frame. This study derived patient-to-therapist ratios as a means of exploring the amount of rehabilitation time for stroke patients while in hospital care. Method: A purpose specific survey was developed for completion by stroke teams. From a contact list compiled primarily in collaboration with the 28 National Stroke Improvement Networks, the Nth name technique was used to target stroke teams in each geographical area covered by the 28 networks. Results: A total of 53 surveys were returned representing 20 of the 28 network areas providing 71% national coverage. Analysis conducted on 19 of the 37 inpatient hospital care units that were discrete units, had no missing data for staff numbers, unit bed numbers, number of stroke patients treated per annum, average unit length-of-stay, and unit occupancy rates. Staffing levels for some therapies were below the department of Health staffing assumptions suggesting that stroke units are challenged to provide the recommended therapy time. Conclusions: Most stroke units surveyed are operating below the dH staffing assumption levels and are therefore challenged in providing the amount of therapy and patient time recommended in the National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines to facilitate optimal functional recovery for stroke patients.

关键词： Stroke Rehabilitation Staffing

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Lag times in toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)operations explain underlying heavy oil production mechanisms

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Petroleum Science 2022年第3期19卷 1165-1173页

作者： Wei Wei ian d.Gates department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

From a time value of revenue point of view,it is preferred that the time between reservoir stimulation and oil production response is *** oil combustion processes have a lag time between air injection and liquid production,but the common practice in production data analysis uses simultaneous injection and production data when seeking a relationship between *** this research,the time scales of production for the Kerrobert toe-to-heel air injection(THAI)heavy oil project in Saskatchewan,Canada,is analyzed by using cross correlation analysis,*** delay analysis between air injection and oil *** results reveal two time scales with respect to production response with two distinctive recovery mechanisms:(1)a short time scale response(nearly instantaneous)where oil production peaks right after air injection(directly after opening production well)reflecting cold heavy oil production mechanisms,and(2)a longer time scale(of order of 100-300 days)response where peak production occurs associated with the collective phenomena of air injection,heat generating reactions,heat transfer,and finally,heated mobilized heavy oil drainage to the production *** understanding of the two time scales and associated production mechanisms provides a basis for improving the performance of THAI.

关键词： Heavy oil In situ combustion Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Production analysis Lag time

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Effects of symmetric and asymmetric salt conditions on a selective solid-state nanopore assay

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9936-9942页

作者： ian d.Wadsworth Adam R.Hall Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101USA Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA

Conventional solid-state nanopore measurements sense all translocating entities,necessitating meticulous analysis to differentiate target *** address this,we have established a selective assay with the platform that has shown utility in quantifying several nucleic acid ***,limited detection efficiency and intrinsic noise have so far limited assay resolution to 10 *** in this value require manipulation of translocation ***,we report the effects of NaCl conditions on assay *** first investigate symmetric conditions,finding sensitivity increases with salt concentration but selectivity is maximized at 1.0 M *** then probe asymmetric conditions,showing a remarkable impact on assay sensitivity and selectivity when measurement buffer NaCl concentration in the reservoir with the translocating molecules is low and the opposite reservoir is *** optimum conditions,we demonstrate detection of target biomolecules down to a concentration of 100 pM which is an improvement of 2 orders of magnitude over past results.

关键词： solid-state nanopores biomarkers amplification-free detection salt gradient nucleic acids

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Emerging noble metal-free Mo-based bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion

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Nano Research 2022年第12期15卷 10234-10267页

作者： Saswati Santra Verena Streibel ian d.Sharp Walter Schottky Institute and Physics department Technical University of MunichAm Coulombwall 485748GarchingGermany

The transition from a global economy dependent on fossil fuels to one based on sustainable energy conversion technologies presents the primary challenge of the *** water electrolyzers and metal-air batteries with earth-abundant bifunctional transition metal(TM)catalysts that efficiently catalyse the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions(HER and OER)and the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR and OER),respectively,reduces the cost and system complexity,while also providing prospects for accelerated scaling and sustainable material *** the TMs,earth-abundant molybdenum(Mo)-based multifunctional catalysts are especially promising and have attracted considerable attention in recent *** with a brief introduction to HER,OER,and ORR mechanisms and parameters governing their bifunctionality,this comprehensive review focuses on such Mo-based multifunctional *** review and discuss recent progress achieved through the formation of Mo-based compounds,heterostructures,and nanoscale composites,as well as by doping,defect engineering,and nanoscale sculpting of Mo-based *** systems discussed in detail are based on Mo chalcogenides,carbides,oxides,nitrides,and phosphides,as well as Mo alloys,highlighting specific opportunities afforded by synergistic interactions of Mo with both non-metals and non-noble ***,we discuss the future of Mo-based multifunctional electrocatalysts for HER/OER,ORR/OER,and HER/ORR/OER,analysing emerging trends,new opportunities,and underexplored avenues in this promising materials space.

关键词： molybdenum-based electrocatalysts bifunctional electrocatalysts hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen reduction reaction oxygen evolution reaction

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A revised Mississippian lithostratigraphy of County Galway(western Ireland) with an analysis of carbonate lithofacies, biostratigraphy, depositional environments and palaeogeographic reconstructions utilising new borehole data

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第1期4卷 1-26页

作者： Markus Pracht ian d.Somerville Geological Survey of Ireland Beggars Bush Dublin 4 Ireland UCd School of Geological Sciences University College DublinBelfield Dublin 4 Ireland

An integrated study of borehole data and outcrop of Mississippian （late Tournaisian to late Visean） rocks in Co. （County） Galway, western Ireland has enabled a more detailed geological map and lithostratigraphy to be constructed for the region. Several carbonate formations have been distinguished by microfacies analysis and their precise ages established by micropalaeontological investigations using foraminifers and calcareous algae. In addition, palaeogeographic maps have been constructed for the late Tournaisian, and early to late Visoan intervals in the region. The oldest marine Mississippian （late Tournaisian） deposits are recorded in the south of the study region from the Loughrea/Tynagh area and further south in the Gort Borehole; they belong to the Limerick Province. They comprise the Lower Limestone Shale Group succeeded by the Ballysteen Group, Waulsortian Limestone and Kilbryan Limestone Formations. These rocks were deposited in increasing water depth associated with a transgression that moved northwards across Co. Galway. In the northwest and north of the region, marginal marine and non-marine Tournaisian rocks are developed, with a shoreline located NW of Galway City （Galway High）. The central region of Co. Galway has a standard Visdan marine succession that can be directly correlated with the Carrick-on- Shannon succession in counties Leitrim and Roscommon to the northeast and east as far as the River Shannon. It is dominated by shallow-water limestones （Oakport, Ballymore and Croghan Limestone Formations） that formed the Galway-Roscommon Shelf. This facies is lat- erally equivalent to the Tubber Formation to the south which developed on the Clare-Galway Shelf. In the southeast, basinal facies of the Lucan Formation accumulated in the Athenry Basin throughout much of the Visean. This basin formed during a phase of extensional tectonics in the early Visean and was probably connected to the Tynagh Basin to the east. In the late Visean, shallow-water limes

关键词： Carboniferous Mississippian western Ireland carbonate microfaciesbiostratigraphy foraminifers shelf and basin environments palaeogeography

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Higher-order topological insulators in synthetic dimensions

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 831-839页

作者： Avik dutt Momchil Minkov ian A.d.Williamson Shanhui Fan Ginzton Laboratory and department of Electrical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Conventional topological insulators support boundary states with dimension one lower than that of the bulk system that hosts them,and these states are topologically protected due to quantized bulk dipole ***,higherorder topological insulators have been proposed as a way of realizing topological states with dimensions two or more lower than that of the bulk due to the quantization of bulk quadrupole or octupole ***,all these proposals as well as experimental realizations have been restricted to real-space ***,we construct photonic higher-order topological insulators(PHOTIs)in synthetic *** show the emergence of a quadrupole PHOTI supporting topologically protected corner modes in an array of modulated photonic molecules with a synthetic frequency dimension,where each photonic molecule comprises two coupled *** changing the phase difference of the modulation between adjacent coupled photonic molecules,we predict a dynamical topological phase transition in the ***,we show that the concept of synthetic dimensions can be exploited to realize even higher-order multipole moments such as a fourth-order hexadecapole(16-pole)insulator supporting 0d corner modes in a 4d hypercubic synthetic lattice that cannot be realized in real-space lattices.

关键词： topological dimensions insulator

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Impact of interfacial tension on oil-water flow in a narrow gap

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 219-227页

作者： Salim Raza ian d.Gates Saira Sherin University of Engineering and Technology PeshawarPakistan department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCanada

Numerous researchers have examined the co-current flow of oil-water and aqueous solutions containing polymers and surfactants in thin gaps for oil *** some have focused on charges and forces at the interfaces of oil-surfactant solutions during *** study of flow structures,interface behavior,and relative permeabilities of oil and aqueous phases of surfactant flow through thin gaps has been less *** the first time,this research aims to comprehensively investigate the flow of oil-water and oil-surfactant solutions through a thin gap(Hele-Shaw cell)with a particular focus on the impact of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SdS).The experiments reveal that SdS forms an emulsion near the oil-water interface,capturing oil droplets and enabling their flow along with the SdS *** studies confirm this,showing that when SdS contacts oil,it creates channels through the oil phase,leading to the accumulation and division of oil into small round-shaped droplets,resulting in an oil-in-water *** addition of SdS to the injecting water significantly enhances relative permeabilities,leading to a remarkable 90%increase in oil recovery from the *** research suggests that the optimal SdS concentration range for maximum oil recovery is between 1.5 and 2 wt%,as it achieves the minimum interfacial tension between oil and water.

关键词： Surfactant Co-current flow Narrow gap Interface interactions Relative permeability

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