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Refrigerated and frozen storage impact aronia berry quality

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： Erica S.King Andrea Noll Susan Glenn bradley W.Bolling Department of Food Science University of Wisconsin-Madison1605 Linden Dr.MadisonWI53706USA Department of Statistics Medical Sciences CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1300 University Ave Rm 1220MadisonWI53706USA

Postharvest storage of many freshly picked berries affects polyphenol and sugar content. However, little is known about the impact of refrigerated and frozen storage on aronia berry composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize how storage at 4 ± 2 °C and − 20 ± 2 °C, and temperature cycles affect aronia berry polyphenols, total solid content, pH, titratable acidity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, sugar content, acid content, color, and cell structure. Refrigerated storage reduced proanthocyanidins (21%), anthocyanins (36%), and total phenols (21%) after 12 weeks. Frozen storage increased polyphenols in the first 6 mo. of frozen storage but then decreased polyphenols at mo. 8 to levels similar to initial values. Frozen temperature cycling reduced anthocyanins 18% but did not affect total phenols or proanthocyanidins. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated temperature cycling induced cell damage, shrinking, and fusion. This disruption led to the release of anthocyanins inside the berry tissue. PPO activity did not significantly correlate with the decrease in polyphenol content during storage. °Brix did not significantly change during refrigeration and frozen storage but did during the 12th temperature cycle. Aronia berries’ pH and titratable acidity were affected more by refrigeration than frozen and temperature storage. The pH increased by 4% during refrigeration, and titratable acidity decreased by 17% at 12 weeks. In conclusion, refrigerated storage results in a modest reduction of aronia berry polyphenols, but absolute extractable polyphenols are stable for up to 8 months of frozen storage.

关键词： Aronia berry Polyphenols Storage Refrigeration Sugars Acids Frozen

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LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF THE DECONSTRUCTION OF MILITARY BARRACKS:***,ANNISTON,AL

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Journal of Green Building 2006年第4期1卷 166-183页

作者： Elizabeth O’Brien bradley Guy Angela Stephenson Lindner BCI The Hamer Center Pennsylvania State University Environmental Engineering Sciences University of Florida

Nearly 2.5 million ft^(2)of barracks must be removed from military facilities throughout the *** Protection Agency Region *** integration of manual deconstruction with traditional mechanical demolition methods has been shown to be comparable to traditional demolition methods in terms of cost and time requirements,the life cycle impacts of manual deconstruction on the environment and public health are *** this end,life cycle assessment was applied to extend previous deconstruction studies of barracks at *** in Anniston,*** scenarios were compared with varying degrees of time required for manual deconstruction of the barracks-100%Manual,44%Manual,26%Manual,and 100%*** were collected directly from the site and applied using SimaPro modeling software(PréAssociates,The Netherlands),considering two post-deconstruction *** salvaged using either 100%or 44%Manual deconstruction and reused within a 20-mile radius of the deconstruction site yielded the most favorable environmental and health *** significant impacts involved in the life cycle of diesel fuel required for transportation emphasize the need for developing reuse strategies for deconstructed materials at the regional level.

关键词： life cycle assessment deconstruction demolition salvage

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A SUSTAINABLE LOW COST PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL SUITABLE FOR UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第3期8卷 140-155页

作者： Wesley Whipple bradley Butler Christopher Sterrie Jeffrey Seay College of Engineering University of KentuckyPaducahKentucky42002

Access to fuels for transportation and electric power for buildings is a critical component for *** sources of energy are often difficult to access in rural or underdeveloped *** developing countries in tropical regions are often rich in biological resources,such as biomass and oil seeds,however,extreme poverty,lack of an educated populace and an absence of a reliable manufacturing infrastructure mean that these resources go largely *** contribution will describe the design of a promising prototype for an appropriate technology for the sustainable,low-cost production of biodiesel and its required raw materials from locally available materials and feed *** biodiesel processor will be fuelled by wood or charcoal,consist of no moving parts and utilize passive temperature *** novel process will be safe,easy to operate and suitable for individual or community scale *** project described herein has been developed in collaboration with the African Centre for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology(ACREST),an NGO in ***,the implementation of this process by a student team in Bangang Village,Cameroon in sub-Saharan Africa will be *** project is part of a student led People,Prosperity and the Planet design project,sponsored by the *** Protection Agency.

关键词： Biofuel Cameroon sub-Saharan Africa Appropriate Technology Palm Oil

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植酸酶、植酸以及锌之间的相互作用

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中国畜牧杂志 2015年第24期51卷 60-62页

作者：张永刚 Carrie Walk Casey bradley Peter Wilcock ian Wellock Primary Diets 法国Animine公司上海200211

植酸酶、植酸以及锌在仔猪的肠道内会发生互作。过量添加新一代的植酸酶是为了降解植酸,但是药用剂量的氧化锌会降低植酸酶在提高动物生长性能方面的作用。一系列的仔猪试验结果都强调了要优化植酸酶、植酸与锌之间的关系来实现断奶仔... 详细信息

植酸酶、植酸以及锌在仔猪的肠道内会发生互作。过量添加新一代的植酸酶是为了降解植酸,但是药用剂量的氧化锌会降低植酸酶在提高动物生长性能方面的作用。一系列的仔猪试验结果都强调了要优化植酸酶、植酸与锌之间的关系来实现断奶仔猪的生长性能达到最优,另外还指出如何过量添加植酸酶将植酸几乎全部降解,同时使锌得到最大化利用,且不影响粪便成型分数。

关键词：动物生长性能试验结果最大化利用日增重饲料转化率螯合剂变异程度储存形式全脂米糠仔猪生长性能

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Thermoluminescence Responses of Photon and Electron Irradiated Ge- and Al-Doped SiO_(2) Optical Fibres

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第2期29卷 208-210页

作者： H.Wagiran I.Hossain D.bradley A.N.H.Yaakob T.Ramli Department of Physics Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohor Darul TakzimMalaysia Department of Physics University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK

We carry out a comparison of the thermoluminescence (TL) response of photon and electron irradiated Ge- and Al-doped SiO_(2) optical fibres,as well as cross-comparison with that of *** is made with 6 MeV electrons and 6 MV photons,for doses ranging from 0.2 Gy to *** commercially available Al- and Gedoped optical fibres produce a linear dose-TL *** TL yield for both of the doped fibres and also for TLD-100 is greater for electron irradiation than for photon *** TL yield of the Al-doped fibres is a small fraction of that of Ge-doped fibres (by a factor of 25),the Ge-doped fibres offering a response of 59%o of that of TLD-100.

关键词： irradiation Electron irradiated

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The principles of logic

The principles of logic

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作者： F.H. bradley.

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Review of agricultural spraying technologies for plant protection using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第1期14卷 38-49页

作者： Haibo Chen Yubin Lan bradley K Fritz W.Clint Hoffmann Shengbo Liu Experimental Basis and Practical Training Center South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology Guangzhou 510642China College of Electronic Engineering South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China USDA-ARS Aerial Application Technology Research Unit College StationTX 77845USA Prology Consulting College StationTX 77845USA

With changing climate and farmland ecological conditions,pest outbreaks in agricultural landscapes are becoming more frequent,increasing the need for improved crop production tools and ***-based agricultural spraying is anticipated to be an important new technology for providing efficient and effective applications of crop protection *** paper reviews and summarizes the status of the current research and progress on UAV application technologies for plant protection,and it discusses the characteristics of atomization by unmanned aircraft application systems with a focus on spray applications of ***,the factors influencing the spraying performance including downwash airflow field and operating parameters are analyzed,and a number of key technologies for reducing drift and enhancing the application efficiency such as remote sensing,variable-rate technologies,and spray drift models are *** on the reviewed literature,future developments and the impacts of these UAV technologies are *** review may inspire the innovation of the combined use of big data analytics and UAV technology,precision agricultural spraying technology,drift reduction technology,swarm UAV cooperative technology,and other supporting technologies for UAV-based aerial spraying for scientific research in the world.

关键词： UAV plant protection spraying technology drift reduction pesticide efficacy spraying model big data analytics

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Force microscopy of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic eggshell

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1029-1039页

作者： Roger Krenger Jan T.Burri Thomas Lehnert bradley J.Nelson Martin A.M.Gijs Laboratory of Microsystems Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland Multi-Scale Robotics Laboratory ETH ZurichZürich 8092Switzerland

Assays focusing on emerging biological phenomena in an animal’s life can be performed during *** the embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans has been extensively studied,its biomechanical properties are largely ***,we demonstrate that cellular force microscopy(CFM),a recently developed technique that combines micro-indentation with high resolution force sensing approaching that of atomic force microscopy,can be successfully applied to *** *** performed,for the first time,a quantitative study of the mechanical properties of the eggshell of living *** embryos and demonstrate the capability of the system to detect alterations of its mechanical parameters and shell defects upon chemical *** addition to investigating natural eggshells,we applied different eggshell treatments,i.e.,exposure to sodium hypochlorite and chitinase solutions,respectively,that selectively modified the multilayer eggshell structure,in order to evaluate the impact of the different layers on the mechanical integrity of the *** element method simulations based on a simple embryo model were used to extract characteristic eggshell parameters from the experimental micro-indentation force-displacement *** found a strong correlation between the severity of the chemical treatment and the rigidity of the ***,our results showed,in contrast to previous assumptions,that short bleach treatments not only selectively remove the outermost vitelline layer of the eggshell,but also significantly degenerate the underlying chitin layer,which is primarily responsible for the mechanical stability of the egg.

关键词： remove rigidity approaching

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Cross-reactive antibody immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1826-1828页

作者： Elizabeth Fraley Cas LeMaster Dithi Banerjee Santosh Khanal Rangaraj Selvarangan Todd bradley Genomic Medicine Center Children’s Mercy Research InstituteChildren’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Children’s Mercy Research InstituteChildren’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMOUSA Department of Pediatrics UMKC School of MedicineKansas CityMOUSA Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is a novel beta-coronavirus that has emerged and caused a global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).1,2 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are age dependent,with children appearing to be less vulnerable than adults to severe disease.3,4 It has been reported that a subset of children and adults without previous infection had higher levels of humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2,which may influence disease severity.5,6,7,8 Another study found that children who had never been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 had higher levels of cross-reactive antibodies to the spike glycoprotein subunit S2 of SARS-CoV-2 than adults.9 These findings raise the hypothesis that children may have a higher degree of preexisting cross-reactive immunity that provides some level of protection from severe *** this study,we determined antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in adults after infection and compared these responses in both children and adults with no prior exposure to ***,we mapped antibody epitopes elicited after infection,and cross-reactive antibody epitopes without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection,at high resolution using SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptide arrays.

关键词： immunity children finding

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Influence of previous plane of nutrition on molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of urea and water metabolism related genes in the rumen and kidney of finishing crossbred Angus steers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 232-243页

作者： Aghata E.Moreira da Silva Arturo Macias Franco bradley S.Ferguson Mozart A.Fonseca College of Agriculture Biotechnology&Natural Resources University of Nevada Department of Animal and Range Sciences Clayton Livestock Research Center New Mexico State University

This study aimed to understand how molecular mechanisms controlling water and urea metabolism at the finishing phase can be affected by previous plane of nutrition of crossbred Angus beef steers. Twentyfour(n = 24) animals were randomly distributed into either a moderate(MP) or high plane of nutrition during the background phase for 85 d. Animals were then blocked by their previous plane and were moved onto a 105-d finishing phase in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The forage-finished group received only high-quality alfalfa hay, whereas the grain-fed group received a high grain diet(80% whole corn and20% alfalfa hay). By the end of the finishing phase, animals were harvested and tissue samples from the rumen and kidney were collected. Changes in gene expression of aquaporins(AQP)-2,-3,-4,-7, ATP1A1,ATP1B1, SGK1, CLIC1(kidney and rumen), UT-A1(kidney only) and UT-B(rumen only), were assayed via real-time q PCR; 18S r RNA was used as an endogenous control. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc analysis was conducted. When animals were from MP, forage-finishing increased the relative abundance of AQP3(P ≤ 0.05), AQP7(P ≤ 0.05), ATP1B1(P ≤ 0.05), and SGK1(P ≤ 0.05) in the kidney when compared to grain-fed animals. In the rumen, for the MP group, AQP7 was differentially expressed in both treatments at the finishing phase(P ≤ 0.01), with forage-finished steers having the highest expression of AQP7. For the MP group, UT-B had a tendency of presenting a higher expression on grainfed animals(P = 0.075). Overall, these results suggest that previous plane can impact expression of genes associated with water and urea metabolism during the finishing phase, namely AQP3, AQP7, ATP1B1, and SGK1 in the kidney, and AQP7 and UT-B in the rumen. The greatest impact observed on gene expression changes of investigated genes at the finishing phase was reflective of animals backgrounded on the moderate previous plane.

关键词： Gene expression Aquaporin Sodium channel Urea transporter

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