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Flow hydrodynamics drive effective fish attraction behaviour into slotted fishway entrances

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2023年第4期35卷 782-802页

作者： maryam Farzadkhoo Richard T.Kingsford iain m.suthers Stefan Felder Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Centre for Ecosystem Science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Effective fishways rely on attracting fish,utilising the natural rheotactic behaviour of fish to orient into an attraction flow near the *** the critical importance of attraction,understanding of the hydrodynamics of vertical slot entrances in relation to fish behaviour remains ***,hydrodynamic measurements of flows at slotted fishway entrances were experimented with two different designs,two velocities,three water depths,and two fish species,silver perch(Bidyanus bidyanus)and Australian bass(Percalates novemaculeata).Fish behaviours were tracked in relation to hydrodynamic measures of three-dimensional velocity and turbulent kinetic energy(TKE).There were distinct differences in the attraction flow between entrance designs,irrespective of velocity and water depth.A plain slotted entrance produced a more symmetric flow in the centre of the flume,causing fish to approach the entrance by skirting the core of the attraction jet flow and areas of high *** contrast,streamlined slotted entrance design resulted in an asymmetric attraction flow which guided fish along the wingwall towards the slotted entrance,improving attraction for both *** were clear patterns in swimming trajectories for silver perch,swimming along the sidewalls of the observation zone towards the entrance,but Australian bass were less predictable,using random routes on their way to the slotted *** species preferred areas of low turbulence(TKEm^(2)/s^(2)).This work has important implications for design of vertical slotted entrance systems.

关键词： Attraction jet flow fish behaviour fish swimming trajectories turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) Australian native fish

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Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation by Long Non-coding RNA

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第3期15卷 177-186页

作者： iain m.Dykes Costanza Emanueli School of Clinical Sciences University of Bristol National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London

Advances in genomics technology over recent years have led to the surprising discovery that the genome is far more pervasively transcribed than was previously appreciated. much of the newly-discovered transcriptome appears to represent long non-coding RNA （lncRNA）, a heteroge- neous group of largely uncharacterised transcripts. Understanding the biological function of these molecules represents a major challenge and in this review we discuss some of the progress made to date. One major theme of lncRNA biology seems to be the existence of a network of interactions with microRNA （miRNA） pathways, lncRNA has been shown to act as both a source and an inhi- bitory regulator of miRNA. At the transcriptional level, a model is emerging whereby lncRNA bridges DNA and protein by binding to chromatin and serving as a scaffold for modifying protein complexes. Such a mechanism can bridge promoters to enhancers or enhancer-like non-coding genes by regulating chromatin looping, as well as conferring specificity on histone modifying com- plexes by directing them to specific loci.

关键词： Long non-coding RNA microRNA Transcriptional regulation Epigenetics Post-transcriptionalregulation

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Convergence Detection in Direct Simulation monte Carlo Calculations for Steady State Flows

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第9期10卷 807-822页

作者： Jonathan m.Burt iain D.Boyd U.S.Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH 45433USA Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Michigan1320 Beal AvenueAnn ArborMI 48109USA

A new criterion is presented to detect global convergence to steady state,and to identify local transient characteristics,during rarefied gas flow simulations performed using the direct simulation monte Carlo(DSmC)*** deterministic computational fluid dynamics(CFD)schemes,DSmC is generally subject to large statistical scatter in instantaneous flow property evaluations,which prevents the use of residual tracking procedures as are often employed in CFD ***,reliable prediction of the time to reach steady state is necessary for initialization of DSmC sampling *** currently used in DSmC to identify steady state convergence are usually insensitive to weak transient behavior in small regions of relatively low density or recirculating *** proposed convergence criterion is developed with the goal of properly identifying such weak transient behavior,while adding negligible computational expense and allowing simple implementation in any existing DSmC *** of the proposed technique over existing convergence detection methods are demonstrated for representative nozzle/plume expansion flow,hypersonic blunt body flow and driven cavity flow problems.

关键词： monte Carlo methods particle methods direct simulation monte Carlo

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Analytical data supporting the“theoretical”postmortem redistribution factor(F_(t)):a new model to evaluate postmortem redistribution

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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 33-37页

作者： iain m.mcIntyre Forensic Toxicology Laboratory Department of the Medical ExaminerSan DiegoCAUSA

The concepts of postmortem redistribution(PmR,F)factor,and“theoretical”PmR(Ft)–based upon a drug’s characteristic L/P ratio–have been defined to express the direct relationship between postmortem peripheral blood and the corresponding antemortem whole-blood *** paper applies recent data describing liver/peripheral blood(L/P)ratios for many commonly detected drugs to assess these models,and provide a ranking of drugs’propensity for(and degree of)PmR.

关键词： Forensic science forensic pathology peripheral blood liver antemortem theoretical postmortem redistribution factor(F_(t))

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Advancements in prokaryotic systematics and the role of Bergey's International Society for microbial Systematics in addressing challenges in the meta-data era

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 292-304页

作者： Jian-Yu Jiao Rashidin Abdugheni Dao-Feng Zhang Iftikhar Ahmed mukhtiar Ali maria Chuvochina Svetlana N.Dedysh Xiuzhu Dong markus G?ker Brian P.Hedlund Philip Hugenholtz Kamlesh Jangid Shuang-Jiang Liu Edward R.B.moore manik Prabhu Narsing Rao Aharon Oren Ramon Rossello-mora Bhagwan Narayan Rekadwad Nimaichand Salam Wensheng Shu iain C.Sutcliffe Wee Fei Aaron Teo martha E.Trujillo Stephanus N.Venter William B.Whitman Guoping Zhao Wen-Jun Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid LandsXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization&College of Oceanography Hohai University National Culture Collection of Pakistan(NCCP) Land Resources Research Institute(LRRI) National Agricultural Research Centre(NARC) The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Australian Centre for Ecogenomics Winogradsky Institute of microbiology Research Center of BiotechnologyRussian Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Leibniz Institute DSmZ–German Collection of microorganisms and Cell Cultures School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Nevada Institute of Personalized medicine University of Nevada Bioenergy Group MACS Collection of Microorganisms Agharkar Research Institute State Key Laboratory of microbial Technology Shandong University Department of Infectious Disease Institute for Biomedicine and Culture Collection University of Gothenburg(CCUG) Institute for BiomedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma de Chile The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences The Edmond J.Safra Campus The Hebrew University of Jerusalem marine microbiology Group Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(IMEDEA CSIC-UIB) microbeAI Lab Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology Yenepoya Research Centre Yenepoya(Deemed to be University) National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute Institute of Ecological Science Sch

Prokaryotes are ubiquitous in the biosphere, important for human health and drive diverse biological and environmental processes. Systematics of prokaryotes, whose origins can be traced to the discovery of microorganisms in the 17th century, has transitioned from a phenotype-based classification to a more comprehensive polyphasic taxonomy and eventually to the current genome-based taxonomic *** transition aligns with a foundational shift from studies focused on phenotypic traits that have limited comparative value to those using genome sequences. In this context, Bergey's manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria(BmSAB) and Bergey's International Society for microbial Systematics(BISmiS) play a pivotal role in guiding prokaryotic systematics. This review focuses on the historical development of prokaryotic systematics with a focus on the roles of BmSAB and BISmiS. We also explore significant contributions and achievements by microbiologists, highlight the latest progress in the field and anticipate challenges and opportunities within prokaryotic systematics. Additionally, we outline five focal points of BISmiS that are aimed at addressing these challenges. In conclusion, our collaborative effort seeks to enhance ongoing advancements in prokaryotic systematics, ensuring its continued relevance and innovative characters in the contemporary landscape of genomics and bioinformatics.

关键词： prokaryotic systematics Bergey's manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BmSAB) Bergey's International Society for microbial Systematics (BISmiS) meta-data era

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The role of ultrasonic bat detectors in improving inventory and monitoring surveys in Vietnamese karst bat assemblages

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Current Zoology 2009年第5期55卷 327-341页

作者： Neil m.FUREY iain J.mACKIE Paul A.RACEY School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen

Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. 1% of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29% （ten spp. of aerial insectivores） of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% （two spp. ） of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region [ Current Zoology 55 （5）： 327 - 341, 2009].

关键词： Bats Echolocation Inventory completeness Karst Vietnam

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Preliminary laboratory test on navigation accuracy of an autonomous robot for measuring air quality in livestock buildings

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第2期9卷 29-39页

作者： Qi Haixia Thomas m.Banhazi Zhang Zhigang Tobias Low iain JBrookshaw College of Engineering South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510641China National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture(NCEA) University of Southern Queensland(USQ)West StreetToowoomba QLD4350Australia Faculty of Engineering and Surveying University of Southern QueenslandWest StreetToowoomba QLD 4350Australia International Agriculture Aviation Pesticide Spraying Technology Joint Laboratory Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation ApplicationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510641China

Air quality in many poultry buildings is less than ***,the measurement of concentrations of airborne pollutants in livestock buildings is generally quite *** counter this,the development of an autonomous robot that could collect key environmental data continuously in livestock buildings was *** research presents a specific part of the larger study that focused on the preliminary laboratory test for evaluating the navigation precision of the robot being developed under the different ground surface conditions and different localization algorithm according internal *** construction of the robot was such that each wheel of the robot was driven by an independent DC motor with four odometers fixed on each *** inertial measurement unit(ImU)was rigidly fixed on the robot vehicle *** research focused on using the internal sensors to calculate the robot position(x,y,θ)through three different *** first method relied only on odometer dead reckoning(ODR),the second method was the combination of odometer and gyroscope data dead reckoning(OGDR)and the last method was based on Kalman filter data fusion algorithm(KFDF).A series of tests were completed to generate the robot’s trajectory and analyse the localisation *** tests were conducted on different types of surfaces and path *** results proved that the ODR calculation of the position of the robot is inaccurate due to the cumulative errors and the large deviation of the heading angle ***,improved use of the gyroscope data of the ImU sensor improved the accuracy of the robot heading angle *** KFDF calculation resulted in a better heading angle estimate than the ODR or OGDR *** ground type was also found to be an influencing factor of localisation errors.

关键词： autonomous robot air quality navigation Kalman filter data fusion livestock building robot localization

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A machine learning approach for regional geochemical data:Platinum-group element geochemistry vs geodynamic settings of the North Atlantic Igneous Province

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 42-59页

作者： Jordan J.Lindsay Hannah S.R.Hughes Christopher m.Yeomans Jens C.Ø.Andersen iain mcDonald Camborne School of mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwall TR109FEUnited Kingdom School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Main CollegeCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiff CF103ATUnited Kingdom

Whilst traditional approaches to geochemistry provide valuable insights into magmatic processes such as melting and element fractionation,by considering entire regional data sets on an objective basis using machine learning algorithms(mLAs),we can highlight new facets within the broader data structure and significantly enhance previous geochemical *** platinum-group element(PGE)budget of lavas in the North Atlantic Igneous Province(NAIP)has been shown to vary systematically according to age,geographic location and geodynamic *** the large multi-element geochemical data set available for the region,mLAs were employed to explore the magmatic controls on these shifting *** key advantage of using machine learning in analysis is its ability to cluster samples across multi-dimensional(i.e.,multi-element)*** NAIP data set is manipulated using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding(t-SNE)techniques to increase separability in the data alongside clustering using the k-means *** new multi-element classification is compared to the original geographic classification to assess the performance of both *** workflow provides a means for creating an objective high-dimensional investigation on a geochemical data set and particularly enhances the identification of metallogenic anomalies across the *** techniques used highlight three distinct multi-element end-members which successfully capture the variability of the majority of elements included as input *** end-members are seen to fluctuate in prominence throughout the NAIP,which we propose reflects the changing geodynamic environment and melting ***,the variability of Pt and Pd are not reflected in mLA-based clustering trends,suggesting that they vary independently through controls not readily demonstrated by the NAIP major or trace element data structure(i.e.,other proxies for magmatic differe

关键词： Platinum-group elements machine learning Plume Geochemistry metallogenesis mantle

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The Relationship between Impaired methylnicotinate Response and Oxidative Stress in Schizophrenia

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第2期4卷 141-146页

作者： Brian m. Ross iain Glen Northern Ontario School of medicine Lakehead University Ontario Canada University of the Highlands and Islands Inverness UK

mNA response applied methylnicotinate (mNA) results in an arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase-dependent vasodilatatory response which is diminished in patients with schizophrenia. This observation has been suggested to form the basis of a diagnostic test for the illness although the potential utility of such a procedure is diminished since the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study we sought to discover if reduced mNA response in schizophrenia is related to increased oxidative stress i.e. whether or not the two measures are negatively correlated with each other. mNA response was assessed visually in 17 patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls and compared to the extent of oxidative stress in each participant assessed by quantifying the lipid peroxidation product ethane in breath. Serum vitamin E, a lipid soluble antioxidant, concentrations was also assessed. While mNA response was correlated with breath ethane concentrations, the expected relationship between the two measures was not observed. Instead a positive relationship between them suggests that some patients with schizophrenia have impaired fatty acid utilization leading to both diminished lipid peroxidation and cyclo-oygenation. This was not related to vitamin E concentrations, however, suggesting that lipid soluble anti-oxidant availability did not underlie our findings. Our data shed further light on the mechanism of impaired mNA response in schizophrenia and support the notion that this occurs consequent to a change in lipid metabolism.

关键词： Ethane Breath Fatty Acid Schizophrenia Niacin

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Bowland Shale well placement strategy-Part 2:Fracture simulations using a 3D geomechanical model and implications for stratigraphic and spatial horizontal well locations

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第3期3卷 235-254页

作者： iain de Jonge-Anderson Jingsheng ma Xiaoyang Wu Dorrik Stow David Griffiths Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering(IGE) School of EnergyGeoscienceInfrastructure&SocietyHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK British Geological Survey The Lyell CentreResearch Avenue SouthEdinburghEH144APUK Penrhyn Exploration UK

Hydraulic fracture modelling is a key component of a shale reservoir well placement strategy as it provides an indication of the typical lengths and heights of stimulated fractures and of the changes to the stress environment in which these are ***,spatial and stratigraphic variations in the stress and geomechanical properties of shales make accurate modelling a challenging *** the UK Bowland Shale,stacked horizontal wells targeting multiple stratigraphic intervals could be used to avoid large offset faults in a geologically complex ***,it is not known how these intervals may respond to hydraulic fracturing and predicting the height and length of hydraulic fractures is necessary in order to assess the likelihood of vertical fracture interference across landing zones or propagation towards major *** the case of the former,intervals of high effective stress may be key to containing fractures within their desired *** a planar hydraulic fracture simulator,and a 3D geomechanical model incorporating dipping stratigraphy,the issue of predicting hydraulic fracture geometry in the Bowland Shale was assessed through a series of modelling exercises using well Preese Hall-1 and horizontal *** pre-defined landing zones were targeted,narrow and long transverse fractures around 1 km from the well were *** the simulation design mimicked perforation clusters placed at 12 m intervals along horizontal pseudo-wells,the effects of stress shadowing were acute and resulted in irregular fracture ***,high effective stress intervals performed efficiently as barriers to vertical hydraulic fracture propagation,reinforcing the feasibility of using stacked production for the Bowland *** modelling results were then used to discuss the possible placement of horizontal wells in a mapped,100 km2 region around well Preese Hall-1,where up to 13 sites could be positioned,with a horizontal well length of aroun

关键词： Bowland Shale Hydraulic fracturing Geomechanics Fracture simulation Well placement

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