This article reports the first measurements of high-energy photons produced with the high-intensity PETawatt Aquitaine Laser(PETAL)*** experiments were performed during the commissioning of the *** laser had an energy...
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This article reports the first measurements of high-energy photons produced with the high-intensity PETawatt Aquitaine Laser(PETAL)*** experiments were performed during the commissioning of the *** laser had an energy of about 400 J,an intensity of 8×10^(18)W cm^(−2),and a pulse duration of 660 fs(FWHM).it was shot at a 2 mm-thick solid tungsten *** high-energy photons were produced mainly from the bremsstrahlung process for relativistic electrons accelerated inside a plasma generated on the front side of the *** paper reports measurements of electrons,protons and *** electrons up to35 MeV with a few-MeV temperature were recorded by a spectrometer,called SESAME(SpectreÉlectronS Angulaire MoyenneÉnergie).K-and L-shells were clearly detected by a photon spectrometer called SPECTiX(Spectromètre PetalàCristal en Transmission pour le rayonnnement X).High-energy photons were diagnosed by CRACC-X(Cassette de RAdiographie Centre Chambre-rayonnement X),a bremsstrahlung *** cannon analysis is strongly dependent on the hypothesis adopted for the spectral *** shapes can exhibit similar reproductions of the experimental *** eliminate dependence on the shape hypothesis and to facilitate analysis of the data,simulations of the interaction were *** model the mechanisms involved,a simulation chain including hydrodynamic,particle-in-cell,and Monte Carlo simulations was *** simulations model the preplasma generated at the front of the target by the PETAL laser prepulse,the acceleration of electrons inside the plasma,the generation of MeV-range photons from these electrons,and the response of the detector impacted by the energetic photon *** this work enabled reproduction of the experimental *** high-energy photons produced have a large emission angle and an exponential distribution *** addition to the analysis of the photon spectra,positron production was also ***,if high
2007年在肺腺癌一个小亚群中发现的间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)基因重排界定了一类新的非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cellcarcinoma,NSCLC)分子亚型[1]。这些ALK-重排的肿瘤中腺癌最常见,经常可见印戒黏液细胞,无表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)或结直肠癌基因——K R A S突变,更多出现于不吸烟或轻度吸烟患者中,但一些ALK-重排的NSCLC不符合以上描述。目前已确定多种基因融合变异;最常见的为2号染色体短臂发生倒位形成的EML4-ALK基因融合。
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