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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: implementation of Water Quality Monitoring interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli Alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego i.hata Nannie conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted intervention (CATi) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

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Women receive more inpatient resections and ablations for hepatocellular carcinoma than men

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第36期9卷 1346-1351页

作者： Lindsay Sobotka Alice Hinton Lanla conteh Department of internal Medicine the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Division of Biostatistics College of Public Health the Ohio State University Section of Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Multidisciplinary Clinic the James Comprehensive Cancer Center the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

AiM To evaluate disparities in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) based on *** A retrospective database analysis using the Nationwide inpatient Sample(NiS) was performed between 2010 and 2013. Adult patients with a primary diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma determined by international Classification of Disease 9(iCD-9) codes were included. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to analyze differences in treatment, mortality, features of decompensation, and metastatic disease based on the patient's *** The analysis included 62582 patients with 45908 men and 16674 women. Women were less likely to present with decompensated liver disease(OR = 0.84, P isk of inpatient mortality when compared to men(OR = 0.75, P ikely to receive inpatient resection(OR = 1.31, P ion(OR = 1.22, P = 0.028) than men. There was no significant difference between men and women in regard to liver transplantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).CONCLUSiON Gender impacts treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Women are more likely to undergo an ablation or resection then men. Gender disparities in transplantation have resolved.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Gender disparities Liver transplantation Liver resection Ablation

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African Americans are less likely to receive curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第11期10卷 849-855页

作者： Lindsay A Sobotka Alice Hinton Lanla F conteh Department of internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Division of Biostatistics College of Public Health The Ohio State University Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center

AiM To determine if racial disparities continue to exist in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS A retrospective database analysis using the Nationwide inpatient Sample was performed including patients with a primary diagnosis of HCC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to determine racial disparities in liver decompensation, treatment, inpatient mortality, and metastatic *** A total of 62604 patients with HCC were included consisting of 32428 Caucasian, 9726 African-American, 8988 Hispanic, and 11462 patients of other races. Caucasian patients were more likely to undergo curative therapies of liver transplant(OR: 2.66, 95%Ci: 1.92-3.68), resection(OR: 1.82, 95%Ci: 1.48-2.23), and ablation(OR: 1.77, 95%Ci: 1.36-2.30) than African-American patients. Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo transplant(OR: 2.18, 95%Ci: 1.40-3.39) and ablation(OR: 1.46, 95%Ci:1.05-2.03) than African-American patients. Patients of other races were more likely to receive a liver transplant(OR: 2.41, 95%Ci: 1.62-3.61), resection(OR: 1.79 95%Ci: 1.39-2.32), and ablation(OR: 2.03, 95%Ci: 1.47-2.80) than African-American patients. There are no differences in the rates of transarterial chemoembolization between *** Racial disparities in HCC treatment exist despite emphasis to support equality in healthcare. African-American patients are less likely to undergo curative treatments for HCC.

关键词： Racial disparity Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Resection Ablation

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Call for action:increased healthcare utilization with growing use of percutaneous cholecystectomy tube over initial cholecystectomy in cirrhotics

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases international 2022年第1期21卷 56-62页

作者： Srikanth Vedachalam Sajid Jalil Somashaker G Krishna Kyle Porter Na Li Sean G Kelly Lanla conteh Khalid Mumtaz Department of internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA Center for Biostatistics Department of Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Background:Acute calculous cholecystitis(ACC)is frequently seen in cirrhotics,with some being poor candidates for initial ***,these patients may undergo percutaneous cholecystostomy tube(PCT)*** studied the healthcare utilization and predictors of cholecystectomy and PCT in patients with ***:The National Database was queried to study all cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics with ACC between 2010-2014 who underwent initial PCT(with or without follow-up cholecystectomy)or *** patients were divided into compensated and decompensated *** predictors and outcomes of initial PCT and failure to undergo subsequent cholecystectomy were ***:Out of 919189 patients with ACC,13283(1.4%)had *** cirrhotics,cholecystec-tomy was performed in 12790(96.3%)and PCT in the remaining 493(3.7%).PCT was more frequent in cirrhotics(3.7%)than in non-cirrhotics(1.4%).Multivariate analyses showed increased early readmis-sions[odds ratio(OR)=2.12,95%confidence interval(Ci):1.43-3.13,Pio=1.39,95%Ci:1.20-1.61,Pital cost(effect ratio=1.34,95%Ci:1.28-1.39,Pity(hazard ratio=1.89,95%Ci:1.07-3.29,P=0.030)in cir-rhotics undergoing initial PCT compared to *** cirrhosis(OR=2.25,95%Ci:1.67-3.03,Pighest odds of getting initial ***,regardless of compensated(OR=0.56,95%Ci:0.34-0.90,P=0.020)or decompensated(OR=0.28,95%Ci:0.14-0.59,Ping a subsequent ***:Cirrhotic patients undergo fewer cholecystectomy incurring initial PCT ***,the rates of follow-up cholecystectomy are lower in *** healthcare utilization is seen with initial PCT amongst cirrhotic *** situation reflects suboptimal management of ACC in cirrhotics and a call for action.

关键词： National Healthcare Cholecystectomy Percutaneous cholecystostomy Cirrhosis Decompensated cirrhosis

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Remote sensing classification of western Sierra Leone using landsat TM and ETM+

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Global Geology 2012年第1期15卷 58-65页

作者： Aruna V.F.conteh College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology Jilin University

The study examines the changes of land cover/use resources for the period under *** unsupervised vegetation classification is being performed that provides five distinctive classes and thus assesses these changes in five broad land cover classes-high/moist forests,forest regrowth,mixed savanna,bare land/ grass and *** remote sensing images used in this work are both images of TM and ETM+in different time periods(1986 to 2001)to determine land cover/use changes.A fairly accuracy report is recorded after performing the unsupervised classification,which shows vegetation has been depleted for over the *** created are mostly human and to a lesser extent *** activities are mainly encroachment thus altering the landscape through activities such as population growth,agriculture,settlements,*** environment due to some perceive climatic *** vegetation classification highlights the importance to acquire and publish information about the country's partial vegetation cover and vegetation change including vegetation maps and other basic vegetation influencing factors,leading to an understanding of its evolution for a period.

关键词： land cover/use Landsat TM and ETM + unsupervised classification vegetation change

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COViD-19疫情期间湖南省内国际留学生抑郁、焦虑状况及影响因素调查

COVID-19疫情期间湖南省内国际留学生抑郁、焦虑状况及影响因素调...

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作者： iSHMAiL conteh（坎特）中南大学

学位级别：硕士

背景:新型冠状病毒肺炎(COViD-19)疫情在全球范围内造成了严重影响。自2019年底率先在中国武汉报道以来,COViD-19很快在全球很多国家被发现。2020年1月30日,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)宣布该疾病为国际关注的突发公... 详细信息

背景:新型冠状病毒肺炎(COViD-19)疫情在全球范围内造成了严重影响。自2019年底率先在中国武汉报道以来,COViD-19很快在全球很多国家被发现。2020年1月30日,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)宣布该疾病为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(Public Health Emergency of international Concern,PHEiC),之后其在全球150多个国家快速传播。2020年3月11日,WHO宣布COViD-19全球大流行。COViD-19大流行对人们的身体健康、社会、政治、经济等造成严重影响,同时,也来了各种精神健康问题。除了感染率和死亡率增加外,全球各国人民还受到焦虑、抑郁等精神健康问题的困扰。疫情期间,为了减少疾病的传播,中国31个省市、自治区在大流行初期启动了一级突发公共卫生响应,实施“封城”、隔离、暂停社交聚会、停业、延迟开学等严格的疫情防控措施。全国所有大中小学校及相关教育机构都采取严格措施,通过延迟开学、线上授课等方式积极应对疫情。这些措施对于防止病毒的传播至关重要。然而,有研究显示,持续的流行病检测、隔离等防控措施可能导致医护人员、大学生、一般人群等出现抑郁、焦虑、失眠等精神健康问题。国际留学生作为一个特殊的群体,精神健康问题值得关注。根据中国教育部2018年统计报告,中国共有来自196个国家的国际留学生49万多人。防止这些学生感染COViD-19一直是中国政府和学校非常关注的问题。在COViD-19大流行的初始阶段,国际留学生在宿舍隔离并采用线上教学。研究显示,COViD-19预防和控制措施的实施可能会影响大学生的精神健康。疫情期间,国际学生容易出现抑郁、焦虑、睡眠障碍等多种健康问题。一项针对488名韩国留学生的研究显示,抑郁、焦虑和睡眠问题的患病率分别为49%、39.6%和47.1%。由于COViD-19相关问题导致压力增加的学生更容易受到负面精神健康问题的影响。此外,语言障碍(特别是在获取信息方面的障碍)、经济负担、缺乏家庭社会支持以及缺乏文化环境的适应能力等因素,也加剧了国际留学生的精神健康问题。疫情期间,很多中国境内的国际留学生是第一次经历因传染病疫情而被隔离,恐惧、担忧、压力比较大。此外,由于湖南省比邻疫情暴发的中心-湖北省,国际留学生更容易出现精神健康问题。但是,既往关于疫情暴发对人群精神健康的影响主要集中在医护人员、患者、中国学生和普通人群中,尚没有关于疫情期间国际留学生精神健康方面的调查。因此,本研究以湖南省内国际留学生为研究对象,重点调查疫情期间他们的抑郁、焦虑等精神健康状况,并探讨其相关的影响因素,为留学生精神卫生预防和干预提供依据。目的:调查COViD-19疫情期间湖南省内国际留学生的抑郁、焦虑等精神健康状况以及相关影响因素,为将来类似情况下留学生的精神健康预防和干预提供依据。方法:1.研究设计本研究采用横断面调查,利用问卷星(***)于2020年4月通过问卷在线收集COViD-19暴发期间湖南省内国际学生的抑郁和焦虑状况及其相关影响因素。使用雪球抽样技术招募研究参与者,排除不同意参与或未完成调查者。2.研究人群目标人群为(i)居住在湖南省内任何城市的国际留学生(本科生或研究生);(ii)在湖南省任何大学或学院就读的国际留学生。3.调查问卷调查问卷分为三部分,由开放式和封闭式问题组成,大约需要10-15分钟完成。第一部分包括参与者的一般人口统计特征,如年龄、性别、教育状况、婚姻状况、学习领域、COViD-19状态、国籍以及所在的城市。第二部分包括抑郁和焦虑状态的评估。抑郁状态评估采用验证的患者健康问卷-9(Patient Health Questionnaire-9,PHQ-9),焦虑状态评估采用广泛性焦虑症-7量表(Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,GAD-7)。PHQ-9量表是一个九项问卷,用于评估受试者抑郁症状的存在与否和严重程度。参与者的回答从0到3不等,0表示“完全没有”,1表示“几天”,2表示“超过一半的天数”,3表示“几乎每天”。为了确定抑郁程度,研究人员将总分从0到27分为五类:无抑郁(0-4)、轻度抑郁(5-9)、中度抑郁(10-14)、中重度抑郁(15-19)和重度抑郁(20-27)。将10分作为截断值用于确定临床上显著的抑郁症状。总分≥10的参与者被认为有抑郁症状,总分<10的参与者被认为无抑郁症状。GAD-7是一个七项量表,用于评估参与者的焦虑症状。量表范围从0(完全没有)到3(几乎每天)。为了衡量焦虑症状的严重程度,该量表分为四类:无焦虑(0-4)、轻度焦虑(5-9)、中度焦虑(10-14)和重度焦虑(15-21)。将10作为截断值用于识别临床上显著的

关键词： COViD-19 抑郁焦虑影响因素社会支持应对策略封锁国际学生

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SVK油藏水平井试井解释

SVK油藏水平井试井解释

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作者： Alusine Sheku conteh 中国石油大学(华东)

学位级别：硕士

水平井试井是识别储层特征和地层性质的一种重要的工具。在油田开发前,制定有效的油田开发方案非常重要,而其中试井压力和压力导数曲线用来确定油藏参数,包括有效渗透率,表皮系数和有效井筒长度。试井分析获得的这些结果将用于SVK油田... 详细信息

水平井试井是识别储层特征和地层性质的一种重要的工具。在油田开发前,制定有效的油田开发方案非常重要,而其中试井压力和压力导数曲线用来确定油藏参数,包括有效渗透率,表皮系数和有效井筒长度。试井分析获得的这些结果将用于SVK油田未来开发方案的设计。水平井由于其较大的油藏接触面积和泄油面积,被用来提高油田的产能和最终采收率,尤其是在低渗透地层,由于其与油藏中有较大的接触面积,获得更大的采收率。本文将分析水平井的瞬时压力变化特征,及其影响参数,从而为开发方案综合设计提供指导。本文采用了两种研究方法。一是解析分析方法,利用Saphir商业化试井解释工具分析压力和压力响应曲线,同时对水平井不同流动段的起始和结束时间进行了计算。二是数值分析方法,建立了数值模拟模型,研究了不同参数的变化对井筒压力变化的影响。解析试井研究表明,由于地层渗透率低,达到后期径向流的时间远大于测试时间,因此解析试井结果存在一定的误差。数值试井研究结果表明,地层渗透率值的微小变化会大大增加或减少压降,渗透率与压力成正比。研究结果进一步表明,目标油藏中所有的井都存在一定的负表皮,表明地层中可能存在一些微小裂缝。解析试井和数值模拟相结合,将大大提高低渗油藏中地层参数解释的准确性。

关键词：水平井测试渗透率表皮系数有效井长解析解数值方法

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PV接入低压馈线的影响及其优化配置研究

PV接入低压馈线的影响及其优化配置研究

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作者： Gibrilla conteh 华北电力大学(北京)

学位级别：硕士

分布式发电在电力领域变得非常重要,是传统电力供应的一个很好替代品。在因电力紧缺而电价很高的国家(例如塞拉利昂),光伏(PV)发电的配电网低压接入已受到了极大的关注。本论文开展PV接入低压馈线的影响及其优化配置研究,论文的主要工... 详细信息

分布式发电在电力领域变得非常重要,是传统电力供应的一个很好替代品。在因电力紧缺而电价很高的国家(例如塞拉利昂),光伏(PV)发电的配电网低压接入已受到了极大的关注。本论文开展PV接入低压馈线的影响及其优化配置研究,论文的主要工作和内容如下:讨论了 PV的最大功率跟踪控制策略,给出了 PV拟接入馈线的典型系统拓扑结构和低压配电馈线所有参数。基此,建立了相应的塞拉利昂国家典型馈线和PV接入的PSCAD仿真模型。提出了用于量化PV接入对低压馈线影响的电压损耗和功率损耗的指标,包括馈线节点电压最大偏差、总馈线电压偏差和总馈线功率/能量损耗。基于已建立的PSCAD仿真模型,对比分析了有无光伏以及光伏接入馈线不同位置下的各评估指标结果,量化了 PV接入对低压馈线的影响。提出了基于粒子群PSO算法的光伏接入低压馈线的位置和容量选择的优化方法,利用所提出的指标量化了优化后的效果,并与不同光伏接入场景进行了对比,验证了该方法的有效性。本文的研究成果为光伏接入低压配网改善电压分布和降损节能提供了一种优化思路。

关键词：低压配电馈线光伏(PV) 有功功率损耗电压偏差粒子群优化

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Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第28期25卷 3704-3721页

作者： Clifford Akateh Sylvester M Black Lanla conteh Eric D Miller Anne Noonan Eric Elliott Timothy M Pawlik Allan Tsung Jordan M Cloyd Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 United States Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 United States Department of Radiation Oncology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 United States Division of Medical Oncology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 United States Division of Diagnostic Radiology Department of Radiology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 United States Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH 43210 United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related mortality for which liver resection is an important curative-intent treatment option. However, many patients present with advanced disease and with underlying chronic liver disease and/or cirrhosis, limiting the proportion of patients who are surgical candidates. in addition, the development of recurrent or de novo cancers following surgical resection is common. These issues have led investigators to evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment strategies aimed at improving resectability rates and decreasing recurrence rates. While high-level evidence to guide treatment decision making is lacking, recent advances in locoregional and systemic therapies, including antiviral treatment and immunotherapy, raise the prospect of novel approaches that may improve the outcomes of patients with HCC. in this review, we evaluate the evidence for various neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and discuss opportunities for future clinical and translational research.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Neoadjuvant therapy Adjuvant therapy Neoplasm recurrence Hepatectomy Liver cirrhosis

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Evaluating the effect of price and non-price policy intervention on rice cultivation in Sierra Leone: A supply response model approach

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第1期5卷 51-59页

作者： Alhaji Mohamed Hamza conteh Xiangbin Yan Management Science and Engineering School of Management Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

Rice is the main food for over 95 percent of the Sierra Leonean populace. it accounts for the largest portion of the agricultural GDP of the country. On the contrary, its cultivation has been shrinking over the past decades. Consequently, importation now becomes the main source of supplying the grain for local needs since its cultivation or production could no longer meet domestic request. The deterioration in the local cultivation of rice has had severe socio-economic implications such as higher consumer prices and balance of payment burden. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of price and other related nonprice policy intervention on rice cultivation in the country. The tools utilized for analyzing the problem comprise, a coefficient of protection analysis as well as a supply response analysis by means of a time series regression (for the period 1980-2011). Major limitations established negatively affecting rice output are price disincentives to cultivators, public expenditure and fertilizer consumption. From the above findings, rice cultivators should be accorded the necessary incentives to keep them more effective in the rice cultivation career. The food policy approach that had over the years depended on huge importation of rice should be reviewed in favor of domestic cultivation. increasing local cultivation through a meaningful protection of cultivators can independently reduce the price of rice to the advantage of the final consumers. This study also recommends that public funds should be redirected away from rice import toward investments in its domestic cultivation.

关键词： Rice imports Cultivation Cultivators Price Policy interventions Supply Response Model

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