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On the Proof of the Contradiction of Set Theory

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Advances in Pure m.them.tics 2024年第3期14卷 139-159页

作者： Yury m. Volin m.untain View USA

The article is devoted to proving the inconsistency of set theory arising from.the existence of strange trees. All steps of the proof rely on com.on inform.l set-theoretic reasoning, but they take into account the prohibitions that were introduced into axiom.tic set theories in order to overcom. the difficulties encountered by the naive Cantor set theory. Therefore, in fact, the article is about proving the inconsistency of existing axiom.tic set theories, in particular, the ZFC theory.

关键词： Set Theory inconsistency Tree Strange Tree Through Way Alm.st through Way isom.rphism Alm.st isom.rphism isom.rphism.Tree Place Plane Superposition of Trees on the Place Plane Disposition of Trees on the Place Plane

Explai.able Deep Fake Fram.work for i.ages Creation and Classifi.ation

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Journal of Com.uter and Com.uni.ations 2024年第5期12卷 86-101页

作者： m.jed m. Alwateer Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Yanbu Saudi Arabia

Deep learning is a practi.al and efficient technique that has been used extensively in m.ny dom.ins. Using deep learning technology, deepfakes create fake i.ages of a person that people cannot distinguish from.the real one. Recently, m.ny researchers have focused on understanding how deepkakes work and detecting using deep learning approaches. This paper introduces an explai.able deepfake fram.work for i.ages creation and classifi.ation. The fram.work consists of three m.in parts: the first approach is called instant iD which is used to create deepfacke i.ages from.the origi.al one;the second approach called Xception classifies the real and deepfake i.ages;the third approach called local interpretable m.del (Lim.) provides a m.thod for interpreting the predictions of any m.chine learning m.del in a local and interpretable m.nner. Our study proposes deepfake approach that achieves 100% precision and 100% accuracy for deepfake creation and classifi.ation. Furtherm.re, the results highlight the superior perform.nce of the proposed m.del in deep fake creation and classifi.ation.

关键词： Deepfakes m.chine Learning Deep Learning Fake Detection Social m.dia Lim. Technique

Using Pearson’s System.of Curves to Approxi.ate the Distributions of the Difference between Two Correlated Esti.ates of Signal-to-Noise Ratios: The Cases of Bi.ariate Norm.l and Bi.ariate lognorm.l Distributions

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第3期14卷 207-227页

作者： m.ham.d m. Shoukri Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada

Background: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is recognized as an index of m.asurem.nts reproducibility. We derive the m.xim.m.likelihood esti.ators of SNR and discuss confidence interval construction on the difference between two correlated SNRs when the readings are from.bi.ariate norm.l and bi.ariate lognorm.l distribution. We use the Pearsons system.of curves to approxi.ate the difference between the two esti.ates and use the bootstrap m.thods to vali.ate the approxi.ate distributions of the statistic of interest. m.thods: The paper uses the delta m.thod to find the first four central m.m.nts, and hence the skewness and kurtosis which are im.ortant in the determ.0}tion of the param.ters of the Pearsons distribution. Results: The approach is illustrated in two exam.les;one from.veteri.ary m.crobiology and food safety data and the other on data from.clini.al m.dicine. We derived the four central m.m.nts of the target statistics, together with the bootstrap m.thod to evaluate the param.ters of Pearsons distribution. The fitted Pearsons curves of Types i.and ii were recom.ended based on the avai.able data. The R-codes are also provided to be readily used by the readers.

关键词： Signal-to-Noise Ratio Bi.ariate Distributions Bootstrap m.thods Delta m.thod Pearson System.of Curves

Cautionary Rem.rks When Testing Agreem.nt between Two Raters for Continuous Scale m.asurem.nts: A Tutorial in Clini.al Epidem.ology with im.lem.ntation Using R

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Open Journal of Epidem.ology 2024年第1期14卷 56-74页

作者： m.ham.d m. Shoukri Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada

Background: When continuous scale m.asurem.nts are avai.able, agreem.nts between two m.asuring devices are assessed both graphi.ally and analyti.ally. in clini.al investi.ations, Bland and Altm.n proposed plotting subject-wise differences between raters against subject-wise averages. in order to scientifi.ally assess agreem.nt, Bartko recom.ended com.ining the graphi.al approach with the statisti.al analytic procedure suggested by Bradley and Blackwood. The advantage of using this approach is that it enables signifi.ance testing and sam.le size esti.ation. We noted that the direct use of the results of the regression is m.sleading and we provide a correction in this regard. m.thods: Graphi.al and linear m.dels are used to assess agreem.nts for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. We dem.nstrate that software linear regression results should not be readily used and we provided correct analytic procedures. The degrees of freedom.of the F-statistics are incorrectly reported, and we propose m.thods to overcom. this problem.by introducing the correct analytic form.of the F statistic. m.thods for sam.le size esti.ation using R-functions are also given. Results: We believe that the tutorial and the R-codes are useful tools for testing and esti.ating agreem.nt between two rating protocols for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. The interested reader m.y use the codes and apply them.to their avai.able data when the issue of agreem.nt between two raters is the subject of interest.

关键词： Lim.ts of Agreem.nt Pitm.n and m.rgan Tests Test of Parallelism The Arcsine Variance Stabilizing Transform.tion Sam.le Size Esti.ation

intrinsic Spin Angular m.m.ntum.of Electron Relation to the Discrete indivisible Quantum.of Tim. Kshana or m.m.nt

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Journal of m.dern Physics 2024年第9期15卷 1337-1352页

作者： Shesharao m. Wanjerkhede Departm.nt of Physics Channa Basaveshwar College Bhalki Bidar India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College Bidar India

The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in term. of units of Tim.. Planck constructed a unit of tim. called the Plank tim. from.other physi.al constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of tim., kshana, or m.m.nt based on the m.tion of a fundam.ntal particle. it is the tim. taken by an elem.ntary particle, to change its direction from.east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly sm.ll, indivisible, and is a constant tim. quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular m.m.ntum.of an electron was related to the angular m.m.ntum.of a sim.le thin circular plate, spheri.al shell, and solid sphere m.del of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of m.nus twenty-one second. The disc m.del for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the num.er of kshanas per second as determ.ned previously and com.ared with other spinning m.dels of electrons. These results indi.ate that the disk-like m.del of spinning electrons is the correct m.del for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physi.al tim., and perspectives in theoreti.al and philosophi.al research.

关键词： Natural Tim. Unit Quantum.Tim. Kshana Plank Tim. intrinsic Angular m.m.ntum Thin Disc m.del Com.ton Wavelength

The Science of Radio Astronom.: An investi.ation of Crab Nebula

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Journal of Applied m.them.tics and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1948-1966页

作者： Baudouin m. Ram.zani Departm.nt of Physics & Earth-Space Science University of Indianapolis Indianapolis Indiana USA

The science of radio astronom. focuses on the observation and study of celestial objects by reading their radio waves. The 5 m.ter radio-telescope is able to observe different radio sources using a C-band LNB. This research was essentially focused on Crab Nebula, also known as Taurus A. The study led to interesting observations, which were vali.ated num.ri.ally using various scientific com.uting software. The radio waves em.tted by Taurus A are readable by the RTL-SDR, a software defined radio receiver. This device is capable of reading radio frequencies in the range of 0.5 m.Z to 1700 m.Z.

关键词： Crab Nebula Taurus Radio Astronom. Galaxy Radiation Radio Telescope RTL SDR

influence of the Nature of the incom.ng Sludge on the Perform.nce of a Verti.al Flow Reed Beds in Dakar-Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第6期16卷 429-449页

作者： Elhadji m.m.dou Sonko Diom.ye Dieng m.ïm.una lo Cheikh Diop Laboratoire dEtude Environnem.ntal des m.lieux Urbains (LEEm.R) Institut des Sciences de lEnvironnement (ISE) Facult des Sciences et Technique (FST) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD) Dakar-Fann Sngal

This work investi.ates the influence of the type sludge on drai.age, plant developm.nt, purifi.ation perform.nces and biosolids quality. Drai.age properties were m.asured through the frequency of clogging, the percentage of leachate recovered and the dryness of accum.lated sludge. Plant developm.nt was m.asured through the density, the height and the stem.diam.ter. Purifi.ation perform.nce was evaluated from.the reduction rate. Biosolids quality was m.asured after 3 m.nths of m.turation. The results show that the clogging frequencies were 9.5%;0% and 3.7%;the volum. of leachate recovered was 42.2%;20.4% and 24.7% and, the dryness was 33.4%;61.1% and 52.4% for FS-ST, FS-STT and SS respectively. Plants densities were about, with densities 197.1, 171.3 and 178.3 plants/m. in beds fed respectively with FS-ST, FS-STT and SS. Despite the high rem.val rates, the concentrations of pollutants in the leachates are above the Senegalese standard NS 05-061 for discharge into the environm.nt. The biosolids are all m.ture with C/N and NH4+/NO3?ratios lower than 12 and 1 respectively. The biosolids are also rich in organic and m.neral elem.nts. The concentrations of Ascaris eggs are higher than the WHO recom.endations. These biosolids should be stored for additional tim. or com.osted.

关键词： Biosolid Quality Dewatering Perform.nce Planted Drying Beds Purifi.ation Perform.nce Sludge Type

interactions of Aurein with m.del m.m.ranes and Anti.alarials

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Am.ri.an Journal of Analyti.al Chem.stry 2024年第2期15卷 72-98页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey Nsoki Pham.u Naif m. Alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAHFS University of California Davis Davis USA

Aurein is a cationic antim.crobial peptide, rich in phenylalanine residues. Although the peptide has been extensively studied, its m.chanism.of action is not fully understood and has not been established. This project is focused on studying the interactions of aurein with m.del biologi.al m.m.ranes and anti.alarials using Fourier Transform.infrared (FTiR), fluorescence, dynam.c light scattering (DLS), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., therm.gravim.tric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC) techniques. FTiR data revealed conform.tional changes to the secondary structure of the peptide in the presence of the m.del m.m.ranes. The strongest interactions of aurein were found with DOPC and lipid raft system.. Fluorescence data revealed som. differences in the m.chanism.of interaction between aurein and lipid rafts. Topographi.al analysis was perform.d using atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm.. AFm.i.ages of the peptide with its lipid rafts showed a change in surface roughness suggesting a different m.chanism.of interaction. DLS data in agreem.nt with FTiR confirm.d that aurein interacts differently with the lipid rafts. The results gathered from.this study provided new insights on the interaction of aurein. On the other hand, drug-drug interaction issues continue to present a m.jor dilem.a for the clinician caring for com.lex patients such as those infected with infectious disease. This study has exam.ned the interaction of aurein with quinine, pri.aquine, and chloroquine. Signifi.ant interactions between aurein and anti.alarials occured at a higher concentration of anti.alarials. interactions between aurein and anti-m.larials reveal a strong interaction between aurein and pri.aquine. interactions between aurein and quinine or chloroquine were found to be weak and negligible. FTiR, TGA, and DSC m.y be used in a com.lem.ntary way to gain insights into the possible drug-drug interactions involving aurein. These studies are needed to initiate in vivo controlled

关键词： Aurein Fluorescence DPPC SPm cholesterol DPPC-SPm.CHOL Quinine Anti.alarials

Synthesis and Characteri.ation of Poly Styrene-Co-Poly 2-Hydroxyethylm.thacrylate (HEm.) Copolym.r and an investi.ation of Free-Radi.al Copolym.ri.ation Propagation Kinetics by Solvent Effects

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Open Journal of Polym.r Chem.stry 2024年第1期14卷 63-93页

作者： Anaif m. Alhewaitey ishrat Khan Naif m. Alhawiti Departm.nt of Chem.stry Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia CAHFS University of California Davis Davis California

A series of hom. and copolym.rs of styrene (ST) and 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate (HEm.) in three different m.dia (bulk, tetrahydrofuran, and benzene) have been investi.ated by free radi.al polym.ri.ation m.thod. The sam.les obtained from.the synthesis were characterized by Fourier Transform.infrared spectroscopy (FT-iR), proton nuclear m.gnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H Nm.), atom.c force m.croscopy (AFm., and differential scanning calorim.try (DSC). The results show that the synthesis of the polym.rs is m.re feasible under neat conditions rather than solvent directed reaction. m.reover, the DSC data shows that the polystyrene obtained is am.rphous in nature and therefore displayed only a glass transition signal rather than crystalli.ation and m.lting peaks. in addition, this study indi.ates that hom.lopolym.ri.ation of styrene via free radi.al polym.ri.ation tends to be preferable in less polar solvents like THF than in non-polar solvents like benzene. Benzene m.ght destabilize the form.tion of the reactive radi.als leading to the form.tion of the products. in sum.ary, the hom.lpolym.ri.ation of styrene is m.re feasible than the hom.polym.ri.ation 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate under the experim.ntal setup used. Styrene is m.re reactive than 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate than free radi.al polym.ri.ation reaction due in part of the generation of the benzylic radi.al interm.diate which is m.re stable leading to the form.tion of products than alkyl radi.al which are less stable. Furtherm.re, polym.ri.ation of styrene under neat conditions is preferable in solvent-assisted environm.nts. The choice of solvent for the synthesis of these polym.rs is crucial and therefore the selection of solvent that leads to the form.tion of a m.re stable reaction interm.diate is m.re favorable. it is worth noting that the structure of the proposed copolym.r consists of a highly polar and hydrophilic m.nom.r, 2-hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate and a highly non-polar and hydrophobic m.nom.

关键词： 2-Hydroxyethyl m.thacrylate Polym.ri.ation