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Starchy and fibrous feedstuffs differ in their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and differently modulate gut microbiota of swine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1402-1412页

作者： Utsav P.Tiwari Rabindra K.Mandal kabi Raj Neupane Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA indiana University School of Medicine IndianaUSA Math and Sciences Division Leeward community collegePearl CityHI 96782USA

Background:Alternative feedstuffs may contribute to reducing feed costs of pig *** these feedstuffs are typically rich in fiber and resistant starch(RS).Dietary fibers and RS are fermented in the gastrointestinal tract(GiT)and modulate the microbial *** microbes in the GiT can promote host health,depending on the type of fermentation substrates *** this study,six alternative feedstuffs(three starchy:Okinawan sweet potato,OSP;yam,and taro,and three fibrous:wheat millrun,WMR;barley brewers grain,BBG;and macadamia nut cake,MNC)were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and their effects on pig’s hindgut microbial *** 2 steps of enzymatic digestion assay,residues were fermented using fresh pig feces as microbial inoculum,and gas production was recorded periodically for 72 h and modeled for fermentation *** fermentation,the residual liquid phase was analyzed for short-chain fatty acid(SCFA),and the solid phase was used to determine the nutrient’s digestibility and microbial ***:in vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy was higher in starchy than fibrous *** gas and SCFA production were significantly higher(Pin starchy feedstuffs than fibrous *** acetate and propionate production was significantly higher(Pin all starchy feedstuffs than BBG and MNC;WMR was in *** alpha diversity was not significantly different within and between starchy and fibrous *** diversity(measured using bray Curtis dissimilarity distance)of starchy feedstuffs was significantly different(Pibrous ***:Starchy feedstuffs acted as a substrate to similar types of microbes,whereas fibrous feedstuffs resulted in a more diverse microbial *** alternative feedstuffs may exert comparable beneficial effects,thus may be included in swine diets to improve gut health.

关键词： Fermentation Fiber Gut health Microbial diversity Starch Swine

Rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle as inoculum for feed evaluation

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第3期3卷 300-308页

作者： Pius Lutakome Fred kabi Francis Tibayungwa Germana H.Laswai Abiliza Kimambo Cyprian Ebong World Agroforestry Centre(iCRAF) Uganda Country Office Department of Agricultural Production School of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Department of Animal Aquaculture and Range SciencesSokoine University of Agriculture Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa(ASARECA) Secretariat

Use of nonlinear mathematical models has been majorly based on in vitro gas production(GP) data generated when substrates are incubated with rumen liquor from fistulated steers. However,existing evidence suggests that rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history also generates quantifiable in vitro GP data. Fitting and description of GP data obtained from 4 diets incubated with rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle was evaluated using single-pool exponential model with discrete lag time(EXPL), logistic(LOG), Groot's(GRTS) and Gompertz(GOMP) models. Diets were formulated by varying proportions of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana) hay and a concentrate mixed on dry matter basis to be: 1,000 g/kg Rhodes grass hay(RGH) and 0 of the concentrate(D1), 900 g/kg RGH and 100 g/kg concentrate(D2), 800 g/kg RGH and 200 g/kg concentrate(D3), 700 g/kg RGH and 300 g/kg concentrate(D4). Dietary kinetics for the models were determined by measuring GP at 2,4.8,10.18,24.36,48.72,96 and 120 h. Model comparison was based on derived GP kinetics, graphical analysis of observed versus predicted GP profiles plus residual distribution and goodness-of-fit from analysis of root mean square error(RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination(Adj-R^2) and Akaike's information criterion(AiC). Asymptotic GP, half-life and fractional rate of GP differed(P iC ranged from 1.555 to 4.429,0.906 to0.984 and 2.452 to 15.874, respectively, forall diets compared across the 4 models. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistical criterion, GP profiles of D1 were more appropriately fitted and described by GRTS and GOMP than the EXPLand LOG models. The GRTS model had the lowest AiC value for D2(2.452). Although GRTS model had the most homogenous residual dispersion for the 4 diets, all the 4 models exhibited a sigmoidal ***, rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle of unknown dietary history can be used to derive nutritionally important fee

关键词： in vitro gas production technique Model comparison Model selection Nonlinear mathematical models Rhodes grass hay Rumen liquor

Disaster Management in Nepalese Context:An Ecological Perspective

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Research in Ecology 2020年第3期2卷 1-9页

作者： kabi Prasad Pokhrel Environmental Geography CDOGETribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal

This paper attempts to identify major natural hazards and disaster incidents damage and losses in *** participatory and geographical diversity approach and for collecting information,multi-criteria decision making methods and analytical hierarchic process to identify the hazard prone area with type and intensity and location-specific innovative practices and their legitimization for integrating local knowledge and skills into mainstream development policy,science and technology through educational assessment to incorporate local knowledge as live science for disaster management,climate change adaptation and sustainable livelihood *** of the study reveal that their variety of natural hazards,such as landslides,flood/inundation,droughts,soil erosion,earthquakes,thunderstorm/lightening and fire are exacerbated by environmental degradation *** are location specific local practices for resource conservation,utilization and disaster management for the well-being of communities before,during and after *** practices passed on from one generation to the next without being integrated into mainstream development strategies,disaster policy and *** of ecology and local skills and materials for hazard prevention and mitigation have the important role to mitigate the hazards and ensure the sustainability for community life ***,this study proposed an action-oriented model ***-ecological framework of the environmental resource conservation,disaster management and climate change adaptation practices in mostly vulnerable locations of ***,measures are suggested to enhance the community capacity for managing their livelihood resources and are hindrance to policy making and scientific advancement at the community level with proper integration of local knowledge with science and mainstream development policy.

关键词： Political-ecological framework Disaster Local knowledge and local practice Hazard prone locations innovation development

Soil Health and Sustainable Land Resource Management Practices at Municipal Level: A Case from Bheri Nagarpalika (Municipality), Jajorkot District, Nepal

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Journal of Geographical Research 2020年第2期3卷 25-33页

作者： kabi Prasad Pokhrel Environmental Geography Tribhuvan UniversityNepal

The increasing challenges of pressure and ever-growing demands on limited resources in Nepal by diverse actors,land degradation,biodiversity loss and climate change require the rational use of land resources to sustain and enhance productivity and maintain resilient ecosystems for achieving the sustainable and efficient use of resources,taking into account biophysical and socioeconomic *** this,Nepal Government has realized and taken initiation of scientific and sustainable land use zoning following the National Land Use Act 2019(2076 B.S.)to use land resources in practicable and sustainable *** spatial information techniques such asZ-3 satellite image,remote sensing(RS),global positioning system(GPS)and geographic information system(GiS).Multicriteria decision making(MCDM)methods for acquiring spatial/temporal data,through expert judgment techniques based on field observation as well as laboratory analysis result,it was found that the soil nutrient status of,the municipality varied spatially and has pH with very high acidic to slightly alkaline but most of the soils are slightly acidic(39.58%).Majority of the soil are loam and sandy loam type with very low to high level of organic *** of the municipal area is under medium range of organic *** content ranges from very low to very high level as to same ranges of phosphorous(37.69%).Potassium level is also in very high to low as 37 percent land area has high level of *** of acidic soil mainly in leachable soil is recommended with the proper management of Nitrogen with addition of organic matter is needed to manage for improving crop production.

关键词： Land resource management Agriculture sustainability Soil properties Organic matter Land use planning and land use zoning

Optimizing bio-physical conditions and pre-treatment options for breaking lignin barrier of maize stover feed using white rot fungi

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第4期2卷 361-369页

作者： Andrew M. Atuhaire Fred kabi Samuel Okello Swidiq Mugerwa Cyprian Ebong National Livestock Resources Research institute Department of Livestock and industrial Resources School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Bio-security (CoVAB) Makerere University Department of Agricultural Production School of Agricultural Sciences College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) Makerere University Animal Production Program Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB)

The greatest limitation to utilization of maize stover by ruminants as a feed is the high concentration of lignin, which limits fibre digestibility. However, ruminants can effectively utilize maize stover if its nutritive value is improved using white rot fungal species. This study was designed to determine optimal biophysical conditions for mycelial growth and select the most ideal fungal species and pre-treatment options for improving nutritive value of maize stover. Four popular edible Pleurotus fungal species(*** florida,Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor caju and Pleurotus pulmonarius) were subjected to varying temperatures, pH levels, hydrogen peroxide(H_2 O_2) concentration and illumination to establish the extent of mycelial growth *** of H_2 O_2 was used to determine optimal levels for preservation and prevention of contamination from other indigenous microbiota. Effects of pre-treatment options on chemical composition and nutritive value of maize stover were also examined. Mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus species on potato dextrose agar(PDA) varied(P ith temperature, pH level and H_2 O_2 concentration following a quadratic trend. Optimal temperature, pH and H_2 O_2 concentration for mycelial growth on PDA were 25 ℃,5 and 0.01 mL/L, respectively. Under the different bio-physical conditions,P. sajor caju had the highest mycelia density and growth rate. Chemical composition of solid-state fermented maize stover differed(P ies. Maize stover fermented with P. sajor caju had the highest crude protein(CP) of 86.6 g/kg DM, in-vitro dry matter digestibility(iVDMD) of 731 g/kg DM, in-vitro organic matter digestibility(iVOMD) of 670.4 g/kg DM and metabolizable energy(ME) of10.0 MJ/kg DM but with the lowest lignin(sa) of 50 g/kg DM. At 25℃, P. sajor caju had the highest mycelial growth rate on PDA and highest lignin(sa) breakdown in the maize stover substrate. it was, therefore,selected as the most ideal

关键词： Crop residues Lactobacillus plantarum Lignin biodegradation Mycelial growth

中东铁路建设背景下的哈尔滨城市空间特征研究

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中东铁路建设背景下的哈尔滨城市空间特征研究

作者：卡比（kabi DA COSTA）哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

中东铁路是历史发展过程中形成的特殊铁路,它的产生对于中国东北经济带动作用明显,在中国历史中对于中东铁路的评价也包含沙俄对中国的一部分历史。中东铁路始建于1898年,当时的中国正处于清朝末年,列强侵扰中国的领土事件比较普遍,其... 详细信息

中东铁路是历史发展过程中形成的特殊铁路,它的产生对于中国东北经济带动作用明显,在中国历史中对于中东铁路的评价也包含沙俄对中国的一部分历史。中东铁路始建于1898年,当时的中国正处于清朝末年,列强侵扰中国的领土事件比较普遍,其中沙俄帝国就是其中之一,沙俄为了维护自己在中国东北地区经济利益,建立以中东铁路来加强权益。中东铁路呈现“丁”字形路线结构,最北端起始自满洲里,中间到哈尔滨中转,一个方面向北段绥芬河地区延伸,一段从哈尔滨向旅顺方向延伸,全部铁路长度约为两千五百多公里,在当时落后的中国建立铁路之后,沿线主要城市开始发展起来,受到中东铁路规划的影响,沿线的城市用地规划布局围绕中东铁路开始规划设计。尤其是以哈尔滨为代表的城市规划布局影响更大,不仅仅经济收益,还有促进沿线城市的文化、政治交流,间接加强后期中国对沿线城市的把控。本论文从城市规划源流角度进行分析,简述了西方城市当中形成的一些建设流派理论,在建筑文化方面进行分析,介绍了哈尔滨城市规划的情况,着重介绍哈尔滨人文地理、气候环境等各个方面。在针对世界上建筑规划进行归纳基础上,把东北地区城市规划罗列出来,提出东北城市当中城市布局发展理论基础,发现东北城市建筑多以巴洛克轴线结构为主,而中东铁路沿线对城市规划的影响也是非常显著,本文也是在研究中东铁路历史背景,结合哈尔滨城市空间演变过程从中东铁路建设时间开始,找出中东铁路建设背景下哈尔滨城市空间布局的变化过程,加强哈尔滨历史文化概念性规划布局起到积极作用是本文研究的主要目的。

关键词：中东铁路城市规划哈尔滨城市空间

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钻井,修井及井控作业中循环流体温度的测定

国外钻井技术 1995年第2期10卷 31-35页

作者： kabi.,CS 刘刚

Prioritization of Crop Residues for improving Productivity on Smallholder Dairy Farming Households in the Lake Victoria Crescent, Uganda

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第2期4卷 103-111页

作者： Andrew Mwebaze Atuhaire Swidiq Mugerwa Samuel Okello Kenneth Okello Lapenga Fred kabi Jolly Mary kabirizi Department of Agricultural Production College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Department of Livestock and industrial Resources College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Bio-Security Makerere University Kampala Uganda National Agricultural Research institute (NARO) National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) Tororo Uganda

Poor nutrition has been identified as a major constraint to productivity in smallholder dairy farming households in Uganda, particularly in Lake Victoria Crescent Agroecological Zone (LVZ). Clarification on nutritional potential of crop residues is central to formulation of sustainable dairy cattle nutrition strategies. Data were collected from 126 randomly selected respondents using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Farmers’ responses on crop residues utilization, handling, limitations, spatial and temporal variability were collected. Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences on utilization of available crop residues (X2 = 50.4, df = 4, p = 0.0001) among farmer’s rankings. it was established that maize stovers were major crop residues utilized and inadequate knowledge to process crop residues was ranked as a major limitation. The study provided basic information on the importance of crop residues. Further research studies should focus on improving the nutritive value of maize stover.

关键词： Haulms Stovers Nutritive Value Vine

innovative Practices for the Promotion of Local/indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Sudur Paschim Province,Nepal

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Journal of Geographical Research 2021年第3期4卷 1-11页

作者： kabi Prasad Pokhrel Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada Narayan Prasad Paudyal Keshav Raj Dhakal Chhabi Lal Chidi Narayan Prasad Timilsena Dhana Krishna Mahat Central Department of Geography Education Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Central Department of Science Education Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal PhD Research Scholar of Geography Education Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

This study is an attempt to point out the different types of natural hazards in Sudur Paschim province of Nepal where environmental degradation processes such as deforestation,desertification,biodiversity loss,soil crisp and watershed degradation are rising *** participatory method multi hazard prone areas were identified with type and *** criteria evaluation method was applied to prioritize replicable actions with location-specific innovative practices and their legitimization for integrating local and indigenous knowledge into mainstream education,science and policy with a view to incorporate local and indigenous knowledge as live science in disaster and climate change *** of the study reveal that varieties of natural hazards in combination with social factors such as poverty,conflict and inequality have resulted frequent disasters and social vulnerabilities in many parts of the ***,indigenous and local people have responded threats of multi hazards by using their traditional knowledge and skills which has evolved over generations,and continue to adapt to future *** traditional,often faith-based,beliefs and practices were found to use as the key to their resilience in the face of natural ***,many communities have been lost their knowledge as the elderly die without transferring it to younger *** this proper educational policy and strategic development plans have not been implemented to cope local/indigenous knowledge into *** of the study indicate that indigenous and local knowledge is a precious province resource that can support the process of disaster prevention,preparedness and response in cost-effective disaster risk ***,policy framework has to prime focus to integrate indigenous and local knowledge,wisdom and skills into mainstream educational programs in order to transfer science into policy and education(words)into practice.

关键词： Multihazard indigenous knowledge Location-specific innovative practice indigenous communities Science to policy