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Characterization of hospital waste in Lahore, Pakistan

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第9期127卷 1732-1736页

作者： Sobia Munir Syeda Adila Batool Muhammad Nawaz chaudhry College of Earth and Environmental Science Department of Space Science College of Earth and Environmental Science University of the Punjab Lahore 54600 Pakistan

Background it is a common practice in developing countries that medical/infectious waste openly dumped with municipal solid *** paper presented a generation and characterization study of hospital *** of the waste composition is a basic step for selecting the most efficient treatment method of hospital *** Stratified random sampling was used to collect the samples of general as well as medical wastes for seven *** waste was sorted into 10 categories whereas general waste was classified into 11 *** was observed thoroughly for observing flaws in the incineration *** was analyzed by using SPSS software version *** The studied hospital produced an average 297 kilograms of medical waste daily and it comprises plastics （71.0％）,glass （13.9％）,papers etc.（3.8％）,cotton/dressings （5.7％）,masks/gloves/sheets （0.3％） diapers （0.4％）,wasted machines used in operation theaters （2.0％） and blades （0.1％）.Laboratories,cancer ward,nursery ward,OPD and emergency ward are the largest infectious waste producing departments in the *** hospital produced an average 3 511 kilograms of general waste daily in which organics constitute （44.3％）,diapers etc.（42.8％）,demolition materials （3.7％）,plastic waste mixing medical plastic waste （2.5％）,miscellaneous （2.14％）,cloth/clothes （1.6％）,cardboard （1.3％）,papers （0.8％）,cotton dressings （0.28％）,glass （0.27％） and iron materials （0.18％）.Other alarming facts are：medical waste is recycled in study area,after incineration of hospital waste,ash simply dumped in the premises of the hospital without any liner *** The studied hospital produces 10％ of infectious waste and 90％ of general *** largest components of the infectious waste are plastic and *** and diapers are major components of the general waste coming from different sites of the *** of training,inadequate knowledge regarding to the composition of the infectious waste and risks

关键词： medical waste characterization open dumping scavenging recycling

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Transcending boundaries:Unleashing the potential of multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound in acute kidney injury

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World Journal of Nephrology 2023年第4期12卷 93-103页

作者： Aisha Batool Shahzad chaudhry Abhilash Koratala Department of Nephrology Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States Department of Family Medicine Advocate Aurora HealthcareMilwaukeeWI 53202United States

Acute kidney injury(AKi)is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid increase in serum creatinine levels or a decrease in urine output or *** spite of thorough history-taking,physical examination,and laboratory analysis,there are limitations in the diagnostic process and clinical monitoring of ***-of-care ultrasonography(POCUS),a limited ultrasound study performed by clinicians at the bedside,has emerged as a valuable tool in different clinical *** this discussion,we explore the potential of POCUS performed by nephrologists to address specific questions encountered in the diagnosis and management of AKi *** not only aids in excluding hydronephrosis but also provides real-time insights into hemodynamics,enabling formulation of individualized treatment *** studies are required to assess the impact of multi-organ POCUS on pragmatic patient outcomes related to AKi,as well as its potential in risk stratification and identification of different levels of AKi severity and pathophysiological signatures.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasonography Doppler Venous excess Doppler ultrasound Congestion Hemodynamics Heart failure Nephrology

Pakistan’s Counter-terrorism Stratrgy:its Security implications for China

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Pakistan’s Counter-terrorism Stratrgy:Its Security Implicat...

作者： Yumna chaudhry 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

Rise of extremism and terrorism, deteriorating prospects of Pakistan’s security and peace is considered as a result of islamabad’s own flawed policies, mismanagement, lack of social justice and rule of law, and increasing mistrust between the government and public. This study focuses on policies and performance of the Pakistan’s military regime and democratic governments, since Pakistan became United States’ frontline non-NATO ally in the US-led War on Terror in Afghanistan. The study approaches to the subject matter through the analysis of historical perspective of the genesis of extremism and terrorism in Pakistan and state’s use of religion and militants groups as strategic assets to fulfill its strategic interests in the region, which led to radicalization of the society. The study critically analyzes Pakistan’s counter-terrorism strategy adopted in the aftermath of 9/11 terrorist attacks and assesses its effectiveness in uprooting homegrown militancy within Pakistan, especially the militant outfits, which have links with Al-Qaeda network. in this respect, present study not only defines and assesses Pakistan’s counter-terrorism strategy but also analyzes several contributing factors that affected its efficacy and shows the continuation of military-driven national security policy despite changed demands in the drastically changing scenario of post-9/11 environment of the region. Furthermore, the current study also analyzes security implications of the ineffectiveness of islamabad’s counter-terrorism strategy at domestic, regional and global level, in general and for China, in particular. in the concluding analysis, the study offers viable recommendations to formulate an effective and result-oriented counter-terrorism strategy of Pakistan.

关键词： Pakistan Counter-terrorism Strategy Security China War on Terror

Assessment of Above-and Below-Ground Carbon Pools in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Ecosystem of Bhopal, india

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2020年第4期8卷 60-76页

作者： Subhajit KARMAKAR Bhabani Sankar PRADHAN Ankit BHARDWAJ B.K.PAVAN Rishabh CHATURVEDi Pradeep chaudhry indian institute of Forest Management

This study estimated 18.35 Mg C/ha in standing biomass of natural forest and 15 Mg C/ha in Hardwickia binata Roxb. plantation in a tropical dry deciduous forest located in the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. The study area of indian institute of Forest Management(iiFM), Bhopal,resembled a degraded dry scrubland in 1988 and for over about three decades, the degraded forest recovered remarkably, and ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general at most part of the campus. The study was conducted in 18 randomly laid plots in natural forest and over one-acre(0.405-ha) plantation area of Hardwickia binata for assessing the above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and subsequent carbon content. The lower-diameter classes accounted for the maximum above-ground biomass, basal area and tree density. The forest is predominantly occupied by Leucaena leucocephala, an exotic tree species which showed higher standing biomass carbon storage of 3.79 Mg C/ha followed by Holoptelea integrifolia(2.11 Mg C/ha), Azadirachta indica(1.29 Mg C/ha),Gardenia latifolia(1.26 Mg C/ha) and Lannea coromandelica(1.24 Mg C/ha) besides Hardwickia binata plantation(15 Mg C/ha). it is recommended to plant and promote local native tree species in the urban forests of tropical dry deciduous nature as a means to mitigate climate change effects.

关键词： Above-ground biomass carbon stock basal area urban forest tropical dry deciduous forest carbon dioxide sequestration

Vascular complications of transcatheter aortic valve replacement:A concise literature review

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World Journal of Cardiology 2017年第7期9卷 574-582页

作者： Muhammad Ali chaudhry Muhammad Rizwan Sardar Aultman Hospital North-Eastern Ohio UniversityCantonOH 44710United States

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR) is a relatively newer therapeutic modality which offers a promising alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with prohibitive, high and intermediate surgical risk. The increasing trend to pursue TAVR in these patients has also led to growing awareness of the associated potential vascular complications. The significant impact of these complications on eventual clinical outcome and mortality makes prompt recognition and timely management a critical factor in TAVR patients. We hereby present a concise review with emphasis on diverse vascular complications associated with TAVR and their effective management to improve overall clinical outcomes.

关键词： Vascular Transcatheter Aortic valve Concise Review

An evolving trajectory-from PD,logistics,SCM to the theory of material flow

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Journal of Management Analytics 2015年第2期2卷 138-153页

作者： Hanping Hou Mikhail Yu Kataev Zuopeng(Justin)Zhang Sohail chaudhry Huiqi Zhu Liuliu Fu Mingli Yu Academy of Material Flow Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics TomskRussia Federation State University of New York(SUNY) PlattsburghNY 12901USA Villanova University VillanovaPA 19085USA Tsinghua University Beijing 100085China Stockton University GallowayNJ 08205USA

The growing interest in the material flow(MF)theory has invoked much interesting research in recent *** the MF theory is relatively new,a review of the related literature from a historical perspective shows that MF theory represents a new stage of the evolutionary development of interrelated subjects such as Physical Distribution(PD),Logistics,and Supply Chain Management(SCM).The purpose of this paper is to provide a summative review of the evolution of the subjects of PD,Logistics,and SCM,and their new development,MF *** paper aims at tracing how concepts and findings in PD,Logistics,SCM,and MF have been developed and have *** study shows that PD evolved to Logistics in middle of the 1980s;starting from the late 1990s,Logistics has evolved to SCM;and today PD,Logistics,and SCM can be considered to be under the umbrella provided by a new theory called MF *** paper points out that MF theory is a necessity to deal with the overwhelming complexity of material flow systems in the global economy of the twenty-first century.

关键词： physical distribution(PD) logistics supply chain management(SCM) material flow(MF)theory industrial information integration engineering(iiiE)

Beyond the Ontology of“Dance” as an Art： An Anthropological Analysis of Female Stage Performers

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History Research 2013年第1期3卷 41-53页

作者： Aneela Sultana Waheed chaudhry Amna Mushtaq Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

The proposed paper focuses on art as a form of cultural expression and it presents data based on ethnographic information of famous Pakistani musical theatres in Lahore, Province of Punjab. Most description of the performing arts is written by men with an exclusive male perspective. Little or no attempt has been made to explore women lives in performing theatre apart from their assigned role as physical crowd-pullers. This study presents how symbols are used to communicate, as each member of theatre community uses entire repertoire to convey messages, manual gesticulations, body gestures, facial expressions, dance patterns, a particular dress etc. at the cultural level. The central idea of this study is how artists use the body in performance to imagine and enact culture, values, humor, selfhood, and the complex relations among them. it discusses their real backstage life experiences and problems faced as well how and what type of contact they maintain with their audience and admirers. What are their moral values and what kind of social dilemmas they face, how the sexuality of theatre women is being controlled, their fears emotions, distress of theatre women etc. are the major research questions. in short, this anthropological inquiry takes into account all relevant social, cultural, political, economic, and religious dimensions of performing art.

关键词： stage dance art culture theater performance

Analytical Modeling of Source-to-Drain Tunneling in Nanoscale Silicon MOSFET

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2010年第4期8卷 346-350页

作者： Amit chaudhry Jatinder Nath Roy University institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Solar Semiconductor Private Limited

Sub-10-nm bulk n-MOSFET （metal-oxide -semiconductor field effect transistor） direct source-to- drain tunneling current density using Wentzel- Krammers-Brillouin 0NKB） transmission tunneling theory has been simulated. The dependence of the source-to-drain tunneling current on channel length and barrier height is examined. inversion layer quantization, band-gap narrowing, and drain induced barrier lowering effects have been included in the model. it has been observed that the leakage current density increases severely below 4 nm channel lengths, thus putting a limit to the scaling down of the MOSFETs. The results match closely with the numerical results already reported in literatures.

关键词： Dielectric energy quantization quantum mechanical effects tunneling Wentzei- Krammers-Briilouin (WKB).

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ionic liquid multistate resistive switching characteristics in two terminal soft and flexible discrete channels for neuromorphic computing

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第3期8卷 153-161页

作者： Muhammad Umair Khan Jungmin Kim Mahesh Y.Chougale chaudhry Muhammad Furqan Qazi Muhammad Saqib Rayyan Ali Shaukat Nobuhiko P.Kobayashi Baker Mohammad Jinho Bae Hoi-Sing Kwok Department of Ocean System Engineering Jeju National University102 JejudaehakroJeju 63243Republic of Korea Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi 127788UAE System on Chip Center Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi 127788UAE Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina State Key Laboratory on Advanced Displays and Optoelectronics Technologies The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina Baskin School of Engineering Univerity of California Santa Cruz1156 High StreetSanta CruzCA 95064USA

By exploiting ion transport phenomena in a soft and flexible discrete channel,liquid material conductance can be controlled by using an electrical input signal,which results in analog neuromorphic *** paper proposes an ionic liquid(iL)multistate resistive switching device capable of mimicking synapse analog behavior by using iL BMiM FeCL_(4) and H_(2)O into the two ends of a discrete polydimethylsiloxane(PDMs)*** spike rate-dependent plasticity(SRDP)and spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP)behavior are highly stable by modulating the input ***,the discrete channel device presents highly durable performance under mechanical bending and *** the obtained parameters from the proposed ionic liquid-based synaptic device,convolutional neural network simulation runs to an image recognition task,reaching an accuracy of 84%.The bending test of a device opens a new gateway for the future of soft and flexible brain-inspired neuromorphic computing systems for various shaped artificial intelligence applications.

关键词： computing gateway state