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Optogenetic fMRI and the Investigation of Global Brain Circuit Mechanisms

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Optogenetic fMRI and the Investigation of Global Brain Circu...

Fibrinogen’s potential role in connecting cerebrovascular abnormalities with glymphatic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease

中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： jin hyung lee

Understanding the functional communication across brain has been a long sought-after goal of neuroscientists. However, due to the widespread and highly interconnected nature of brain circuits, the dynamic relationship between neuronal network elements remains elusive. With recent development of optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging（of MRI）, it is now possible to observe whole-brain level network activity that results from modulating with millisecond-timescale resolution the activity of genetically, spatially, and topologically defined cell populations. of MRI uniquely enables mapping global patterns of brain activity that result from the selective and precise control of neuronal populations. Advances in the molecular toolbox of optogenetics, as well as improvements in imaging technology, will bring of MRI closer to its full potential. In particular, the integration of ultra-fast data acquisition, high SNR, and combinatorial optogenetics will enable powerful systems that can modulate and visualize brain activity in real-time. of MRI is anticipated to play an important role in the dissection and control of network-level brain circuit function and dysfunction. In this talk, the of MRI technology will be introduced with advanced approaches to bring it to its full potential, ending with examples of dissecting neurological disease circuits utilizing of MRI.

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 203-204页

作者： Vishal Singh Arnab Choudhury hyung jin Ahn Department of Pharmacology Physiology and NeurosciencesRutgers-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA Brain Health Institute Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)stands out as the primary manifestation of age-related dementia,portraying a chronic neurodegenerative disorder distinguished by the accumulation of fibrillar amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated ***,from a clinical standpoint,AD presents itself as a complex condition with a spectrum of dysfunctions rather than a singular pathological *** often-overlooked aspect of the disease is the presence of extensive cerebrovascular abnormalities,given that the majority of AD patients experience altered cerebral blood flow,damaged vasculature,increased microinfarcts and *** models of AD further support this observation,showing cerebrovascular dysfunction such as impaired cerebral blood flow and altered cerebrovascular reactivity(Tataryn et al.,2021;Gareau et al.,2023).

关键词： cerebrovascular dysfunction Alzheimer

Improved corrosion resistance of Mg alloy AZ31B induced by selective evaporation of Mg using large pulsed electron beam irradiation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第5期35卷 891-901页

作者： Woo jin lee Jisoo Kim hyung Wook Park Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology

Large pulsed electron beam(LPEB) irradiation was employed as a surface treatment of magnesium(Mg)alloy AZ31B to enhance its corrosion and wear resistance. Selective evaporation of Mg induced by LPEB irradiation at an energy density of 5J/cm^2 for 40 cycles has led to the formation of an Al-enriched resolidified layer with nano-grained structure consisting of Mg3.1 Al0.9 metastable phase. The formation of such a re-solidified layer after LPEB irradiation has enabled a decrease in corrosion rate of Mg alloy AZ31B in 3.5% NaCl solution. Different equivalent electrical circuit models were proposed to account for the corrosion behavior of untreated Mg alloy AZ31B and those subjected to LPEB irradiation. A decrease in wear depth when compared to that of the untreated alloy suggests an increase in wear resistance of LPEB-irradiated Mg alloy AZ31B. Adhesive wear is the predominant mechanism of untreated Mg alloy AZ31B while abrasive wear mechanism dominates for LPEB-irradiated Mg alloy AZ31B.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Electron beam treatment Corrosion resistance Microstructure Rapid re-solidification Wear resistance

Chorioretinal response to intravitreal aflibercept injection in acute central serous chorioretinopathy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第12期12卷 1865-1871页

作者： Byung Ju Jung Kook lee jin hyung Park Jae hyung lee Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Seoul St.Mary’s Hospital College of Medicine the Catholic University of Korea

AIM: To evaluate chorioretinal responses to intravitreal aflibercept injection(IAI) in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC). METHODS: Seventy-one eyes from 71 patients with symptomatic CSC for less than six months were included. Thirty-five eyes received a single IAI and 36 eyes were observed without treatment. Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central subfield foveal thickness(CSFT), and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT) were assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 mo. RESULTS: The mean SFCT in the IAI group decreased at 1 mo, rebounded at 2 mo and remained stable at 3 mo compared to the baseline, while significant change was not noted in the observation group. The mean CSFT decreased significantly during the 3-month study period in both groups, and was significantly lower in the IAI group at 1 mo(P<0.001). A rebound of CSFT between 1 and 2 mo was noted in 14 eyes(40.0%) in the IAI group and in 1 eye(2.8%) in the observation group(P<0.001). The significant visual improvement was achieved from 1 mo in the IAI group, and from 2 mo in the observation group. The rate of complete absorption of subretinal fluid at 3 mo did not differ between the two groups.(45.7% vs 41.7%, P=0.813). CONCLUSION: A single IAI for acute CSC induce a transient decrease in SFCT and CSFT, which implies that IAI may have a pharmacological effect on the underlying hyperpermeable choroid in acute CSC.

关键词： aflibercept acute central serous chorioretinopathy anti-vascular endothelial growth factor choroidal hyperpermeability choroidal thickness

Effect of CaO addition on ignition behavior in molten AZ31 and AZ91D Magnesium alloys

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Rare Metals 2006年第Z2期25卷 155-159页

作者： lee jin-Kyu JO hyung-Ho KIM Shae K. Department of Advanced Material Engineering Sungkyunkwan University 300 Chunchun-dong Jangan-gu Suwon Gyunggi-do 440-746 KoreaAdvanced Material Center Korea Institute of Industrial Technology 7-47 Songdo-dong Yeonsu-gu Incheon 406-840 Korea dvanced Material Center Korea Institute of Industrial Technology 7-47 Songdo-dong Yeonsu-gu Incheon 406-840 Korea

Mg alloys have been widely used in automobile and electronic industries because of high specific strength, good castability, etc. However, molten Mg alloys will burn rapidly in air if not protected. To solve this problem, the molten metal should be protected from oxidation by blanketing the surface with flux or protective gases. SF6 gas is widely used for Mg alloys as a cover gas and has proved to be a successful inhibitor. However, the use of SF6 gas is limited because of its high cost and its significant impact on non-global warming potential. Therefore, SF6 gas is being replaced by alternative protection gases. Recent studies show that there has been another attempt by adding CaO into Mg alloys. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of CaO on the minimum amount of protective gas, which is necessary not to make ignition in the molten AZ31 and AZ91 Mg alloys.

关键词： AZ91 AZ31 CaO clean production ignition resistance

Bidirectional transfer of quantum information for unknown photons via cross-Kerr nonlinearity and photon-number-resolving measurement

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第2期25卷 82-92页

作者： jino Heo Chang-Ho Hong Dong-Hoon lee hyung-jin Yang Graduate School of Information Security (GSIS) Korea University Center for Information Security Technologies (CIST) Korea University Department of Physics Korea University

We propose an arbitrary controlled-unitary （CU） gate and a bidirectional transfer scheme of quantum information （BTQI） for unknown photons. The proposed CU gate utilizes quantum non-demolition photon-number-resolving measure- ment based on the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities （XKNLs） and two quantum bus beams; the proposed CU gate consists of consecutive operations of a controlled-path gate and a gathering-path gate. It is almost deterministic and is feasible with current technology when a strong amplitude of the coherent state and weak XKNLs are employed. Compared with the existing optical multi-qubit or controlled gates, which utilize XKNLs and homodyne detectors, the proposed CU gate can increase experimental realization feasibility and enhance robustness against decoherence. According to the CU gate, we present a BTQI scheme in which the two unknown states of photons between two parties （Alice and Bob） are mutually swapped by transferring only a single photon. Consequently, by using the proposed CU gate, it is possible to experimentally implement the BTQI scheme with a certain probability of success.

关键词： cross-Kerr nonlinearity quantum non-demolition photon-number-resolving measurement bidirec-tional transfer of quantum information

In-situ synthesis of TiC/Fe alloy composites with high strength and hardness by reactive sintering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第8期34卷 1397-1404页

作者： Junho lee Dongju lee Myung Hoon Song Wonhyuk Rhee Ho jin Ryu Soon hyung Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon305-701Republic of Korea Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon305-701Republic of Korea Nuclear Materials Development Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute111 Daedeok-daero 989 Beon-gilYuseong-guDaejeon305-353Republic of Korea Daewha Alloytech Corporation 17-60Sanupdanji-gilMyeoncheon-myeonDangjin-siChungcheongnam-doRepublic of Korea

Fe alloy composites reinforced with in-situ titanium carbide （TIC） particles were fabricated by reactive sintering using different reactant C/Ti ratios of 0.8, 0.9, 1 and 1.1 to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties ofin-situ TiC/Fe alloy composites. The microstructure showed that the in-situ syn- thesized TiC particles were spherical with a size of 1-3 }~m, irrespective of C/Ti ratio. The stoichiometry of in-situ TiC increased from 0.85 to 0.88 with increasing C/Ti ratio from 0.8 to 0.9, but remained almost unchanged for C/Ti ratios between 0.9 and 1.1 due to the same driving force for carbon diffusion in TiCx at the common sintering temperature. The in-situ TiC/Fe alloy composite with C[Ti ~ 0.9 showed improved mechanical properties compared with other C/Ti ratios because the presence of excess carbon （C/Ti = 1 and 1.1） resulted in unreacted carbon within the Fe alloy matrix, while insufficient carbon （C/Ti = 0.8） caused the depletion of carbon from the Fe alloy matrix, leading to a significant decrease in hardness. This study presents that the maximized hardness and superior strength of in-situ TiC/Fe alloy composites can be achieved by microstructure control and stoichiometric analysis of the in-situ synthesized TiC par- ticles, while maintaining the ductility of the composites, compared to those of the unreinforced Fe alloy. Therefore, we anticipate that the in-situ synthesized TiC/Fe alloy composites with enhanced mechanical properties have great potential in cutting tool, mold and roller material applications.

关键词： Metal matrix composites Sintering Mechanical properties Microstructures

Gastric subepithelial lesion complicated with abscess: Case report and literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第20期21卷 6398-6403页

作者： Sung Bum Kim Myung jin Oh Si hyung lee Department of Internal Medicine Yeungnam University College of Medicine

Gastric abscess is a localized pyogenic inflammation of the gastric wall, which is a rare form of suppurative gastritis. The rarity of gastric abscess may be associated with the difficulty of early diagnosis and high mortality as a result. In general, subepithelial lesions (SELs) of the stomach are incidentally detected during the course of upper endoscopy without specific clinical symptoms and signs. However, some gastric SELs present rarely as a form of hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, and abscess. Here we report a 45-year-old man with gastric SEL presenting as a gastric abscess, which was diagnosed as an ectopic pancreas of the stomach, along with a review of the literature. Although gastric SEL presenting as an abscess is known as a serious and life-threatening lesion, the patient made a complete recovery through surgical resection as well as medical treatment.

关键词： Suppurative gastritis Gastric abscess Subepithelial lesion Ectopic pancreas Endoscopicultrasound

Influences of etiology and endoscopic appearance on the long-term outcomes of gastric antral vascular ectasia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第18期10卷 6050-6059页

作者： Hyo jin Kwon Si hyung lee Joon Hyun Cho Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineYeungnam University College of MedicineDaegu 42415South Korea

BACKGROUND Gastric antral vascular ectasia(GAVE)has diverse associations and presumed causes,which include liver cirrhosis,chronic kidney disease,and autoimmune *** heterogeneity of underlying disorders suggests that the pathogenesis of GAVE may be *** To compare the clinical features and long-term outcomes of GAVE according to endoscopic patterns and *** The medical records and endoscopic images of 23 consecutive patients diagnosed with GAVE by endoscopy at Yeungnam University Hospital from January 2006 to December 2020 were retrospectively *** were allocated to cirrhosis(16 patients)and non-cirrhosis groups(7 patients).GAVE subtypes,as determined by endoscopy,were categorized as punctate(a diffuse,honeycomb-like appearance,17 patients)or striped(a linear,watermelon-like appearance,6 patients).RESULTS All GAVE patients with cirrhosis(16/16,100%)had a punctate pattern by endoscopy,whereas the majority of patients(6/7,85.7%)without cirrhosis had a striped pattern(Pleeding(10/23,43%)was significantly more common in the non-cirrhosis group than in the cirrhosis group(6/7,85.7%vs 4/16,25.0%;P=0.019),and more common in the striped group than in the punctate group(5/6,83.3%vs 5/17,29.4%;P=0.052).However,mean numbers of admissions due to GAVE bleeding and argon plasma coagulation(APC)sessions to address overt bleeding were similar in the cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis groups and in the punctate and striped *** patients with GAVE bleeding were successfully treated by APC,and no patient died from GAVE-related blood loss during a median follow-up of 24 *** Punctate-type GAVE is strongly associated with liver cirrhosis,and GAVE patients without cirrhosis tend to be more prone to overt ***,the presence of cirrhosis and endoscopic patterns did not influence long-term clinical courses or outcomes in cases of overt bleeding.

关键词： Gastric antral vascular ectasia Cirrhosis Endoscopy Gastrointestinal bleeding Argon plasma coagulation