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Organic X-Ray Image Sensors Using a Medium Bandgap Polymer donor with Low Dark Current

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 230-237页

作者： Ha, Jong-Woon Eom, Seung Hun Cha, Bo Kyung Song, Seyeong Eun, Hyeong Ju Kim, Jong H. Park, Jong Mok Kim, Bongsoo Park, Byoungwook Ko, Seo-Jin Yoon, Sung Cheol Lee, Changjin Jung, In Hwan hwang, do-hoon Pusan Natl Univ Chem Inst Funct Mat Dept Chem Busan 46241 South Korea Korea Res Inst Chem Technol KRICT Div Adv Energy Mat Res Ctr Daejeon 34114 South Korea Korea Electrotechnol Res Inst KERI Electromed Device Res Ctr Ansan 15588 South Korea Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST Grad Sch Carbon Neutral Sch Energy & Chem Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea Ajou Univ Dept Mol Sci & Technol Suwon 16449 South Korea Korea Res Inst Chem Technol Res Ctr Adv Specialty Chem Ulsan 44412 South Korea Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Technol UNIST Dept Chem Ulsan 44919 South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn Human Tech Convergence Program 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea

The development of portable X-ray detectors is necessary for diagnosing fractures in unconscious patients in emergency situations. However, this is quite challenging because of the heavy weight of the scintillator and silicon photodetectors. The weight and thickness of X-ray detectors can be reduced by replacing the silicon layer with an organic photodetectors. This study presents a novel bithienopyrroledione-based polymer donor that exhibits excellent photodetection properties even in a thick photoactive layer (similar to 700 nm), owing to the symmetric backbone and highly soluble molecular structure of bithienopyrroledione. The ability of bithienopyrroledione-based polymer donor to strongly suppress the dark current density (J(d) similar to 10(-10) A cm(-2)) at a negative bias (-2.0 V) while maintaining high responsivity (R = 0.29 A W-1) even at a thickness of 700 nm results in a maximum shot-noise-limited specific detectivity of D-sh* = 2.18 x 10(13) Jones in the organic photodetectors. Printed organic photodetectors are developed by slot-die coating for use in X-ray detectors, which exhibit D-sh* = 2.73 x 10(12) Jones with clear rising (0.26 s) and falling (0.29 s) response times upon X-ray irradiation. Detection reliability is also proven by linear response of the X-ray detector, and the X-ray detection limit is 3 mA.

关键词： low dark current low detection limit organic photodetector printable X-ray DETECTORS PHOTOCONDUCTORS SENSITIVITY

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Unexpected focal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in main organs;pass through or pass by?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1885-1899页

作者： Haejun Lee Kyung-hoon hwang Department of Nuclear Medicine Gachon University College of MedicineGil Medical CenterIncheon 21565South Korea

Since the inception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG),positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)utilizing F-18 FDG has become widely accepted as a valuable imaging modality in the field of oncology,with global prevalence in clinical *** that a single Torso PET/CT scan encompasses the anatomical region from the skull base to the upper thigh,the detection of incidental abnormal focal hypermetabolism in areas of limited clinical interest is both feasible and not *** investigations have been undertaken to delineate the distinctive features of these findings,yet the outcomes have proven *** incongruent results of these studies present a challenge for physicians,leaving them uncertain about the appropriate course of *** article provides a succinct overview of the characteristics of fluorodeoxyglucose,followed by a comprehensive discussion of the imaging findings and clinical significance associated with incidental focal abnormal F-18 FDG activity in several representative *** conclusion,while the prevalence of unrecognized malignancy varies across organs,malignancies account for a substantial proportion,ranging from approximately one-third to over half,of incidental focal *** light of these rates,physicians are urged to exercise vigilance in not disregarding unexpected uptake,facilitating more assured clinical decisions,and advocating for further active evaluation.

关键词： Incidental Focal Incidentaloma Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography Hypermetabolism

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Focal incidental colorectal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake:Should it be spotlighted?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第15期12卷 2466-2474页

作者： Haejun Lee Kyung-hoon hwang Department of Nuclear Medicine Gachon University College of MedicineGil Medical CenterIncheon 21565South Korea

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(F-18 FDG)positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)has emerged as a cornerstone in cancer evaluation imaging,with a well-established history spanning several *** imaging modality,encompassing the examination of the body from the base of the skull to the upper thighs,comprehensively covers the chest and abdominopelvic regions in a singular scan,allowing for a holistic assessment of nearly the entire body,including areas of marginal *** inherent advantage of this expansive scan range lies in its potential to unveil unexpected incidental abnormal hypermetabolic *** identification of incidental focal FDG uptake within colorectal regions during PET/CT scans is not an uncommon occurrence,albeit fraught with challenges associated with non-specific FDG *** presence of benign colorectal lesions or physiological uptake poses a particular obstacle,as these may manifest with FDG uptake levels that mimic ***,physicians are confronted with a diagnostic dilemma when encountering abnormal FDG uptake in unexpected colorectal *** studies have presented divergent results concerning these *** uptake value and its derivatives have served as pivotal metrics in quantifying FDG uptake in PET *** this article,we aim to succinctly explore the distinctive characteristics of FDG,delve into imaging findings,and elucidate the clinical significance of incidental focal colorectal *** discussion aims to contribute valuable insights into the nuanced interpretation of such findings,fostering a comprehensive understanding.

关键词： Focal Incidental Colorectal Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography Hypermetabolism

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Artificial optoelectronic synapse based on spatiotemporal irradiation to source-sharing circuitry of synaptic phototransistors

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InfoMat 2024年第2期6卷 131-141页

作者： Seungho Song Changsoon Choi Jongtae Ahn Je-Jun Lee Jisu Jang Byoung-Soo Yu Jung Pyo Hong Yong-Sang Ryu Yong-hoon Kim do Kyung hwang Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Post-Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Center for Spintronics Post-Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea Division of Nanoscience&Technology KIST SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology(UST)SeoulRepublic of Korea School of Biomedical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

To overcome the intrinsic inefficiency of the von Neumann architecture,neuromorphic devices that perform analog vector–matrix multiplication have been highlighted for achieving power-and time-efficient data *** particular,artificial synapses,of which conductance should be programmed to represent the synaptic weights of the artificial neural network,have been intensively researched to realize neuromorphic ***,inspired by excitatory and inhibitory synapses,we develop an artificial optoelectronic synapse that shows both potentiation and depression characteristics triggered only by optical *** design of the artificial optoelectronic synapse,in which excitatory and inhibitory synaptic phototransistors are serially connected,enables these characteristics by spatiotemporally irradiating the phototransistor channels with optical ***,a negative synaptic weight can be realized without the need for electronic components such as *** such attributes,the artificial optoelectronic synapse is demonstrated to classify three digits with a high recognition rate(98.3%)and perform image preprocessing via analog vector-matrix multiplication.

关键词： amorphous oxide semiconductor analog processing artificial synapse neuromorphic optoelectronics

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Parametric“non-nested”discriminants for multiplicities of univariate polynomials

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第8期67卷 1911-1932页

作者： hoon Hong Jing Yang Department of Mathematics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA SMS-HCIC-School of Mathematics and Physics Center for Applied Mathematics of GuangxiGuangxi Minzu UniversityNanning 530006China

We consider the problem of complex root classification,i.e.,finding the conditions on the coefficients of a univariate polynomial for all possible multiplicity structures on its complex *** is well known that such conditions can be written as conjunctions of several polynomial equalities and one inequality in the *** polynomials in the coefficients are called discriminants for *** is also known that discriminants can be obtained using repeated parametric greatest common *** resulting discriminants are usually nested determinants,i.e.,determinants of matrices whose entries are determinants,and so *** this paper,we give a new type of discriminant that is not based on repeated greatest common *** new discriminants are simpler in the sense that they are non-nested determinants and have smaller maximum degrees.

关键词： parametric polynomial complex roots discriminant multiplicity resultant

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Follow-up strategy for early detection of delayed pseudoaneurysms in patients with blunt traumatic spleen injury: A single-center retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第10期16卷 3163-3170页

作者： Sung hoon Cho Gun Woo Kim Suyeong hwang Kyoung hoon Lim Department of Surgery Trauma CenterKyungpook National University HospitalSchool of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41944South Korea

BACKGROUND The spleen is the most commonly injured solid organ in blunt abdominal trauma,and splenic pseudoaneurysm rupture is associated with a high risk of *** management has become the standard treatment for hemodynam-ically stable patients with splenic *** the other hand,delayed splenic pseudoaneurysms can develop in any patient,and at present,there are no known risk factors that may reliably predict their ***,there is a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate strategies for monitoring and mana-ging splenic injuries,especially lower-grade(I-III).AIM To determine the predictors of pseudo-aneurysm formation following splenic injury and develop follow-up strategies for early detection of *** We retrospectively analyzed patients who visited the Level I Trauma Center bet-ween January 2013 and December 2022 and were diagnosed with spleen injuries after blunt abdominal *** Using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma spleen injury scale,the splenic injuries were categorized into the following order based on severity:Grade I(n=57,17.6%),grade II(n=114,35.3%),grade III(n=89,27.6%),grade IV(n=50,15.5%),and grade V(n=13,4.0%).Of a total of 323 patients,35 underwent splenectomy and 126 underwent angioembolization.19 underwent delayed angioembolization,and 5 under-went both initial and delayed *** 14 patients who had undergone delayed angioembolization,no extravasation or pseudoaneurysm was observed on the initial computed tomography *** are no particular patient-related risk factors for the formation of a delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm,which can occur even in a grade I spleen injury or even 21 days after the *** mean detection time for a delayed pseudoaneurysm was 6.26±5.4(1-21,median:6,inter-quartile range:2-9)*** We recommend regular follow-up computed tomography scans,including an arterial and portal venous phase,at least 1 week an

关键词： Blunt trauma Spleen injury Delayed pseudoaneurysm Angioembolization Nonoperative management

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Bioinspired nanocomposites with self-adaptive mechanical properties

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 633-648页

作者： Grant Kitchen Bohan Sun Sung hoon Kang 13400 N Charles St Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 23400 N Charles St Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA 33400 N Charles St Hopkins Extreme Materials InstituteJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA

Conventional synthetic materials have fixed mechanical properties and suffer defects,damage,and degradation over *** makes them unable to adapt to changing environments and leads to limited ***,self-adaptive materials inspired by natural materials have emerged as a solution to address these *** the ability to change their mechanical properties based on changing mechanical environments,repairing defects,and maintaining their mechanical properties,these materials can lead to improved performance while decreasing *** this review,we explore self-adaptive phenomena found in nature that have inspired the development of synthetic self-adaptive materials,and the mechanisms that have been employed to create the next generation of *** potential applications of these materials,the challenges that existing approaches face,and future research opportunities are also discussed.

关键词： nanocomposites self-adaptive materials bioinspired materials force-activated resilience

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Progress and challenges for replacing n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/polyvinylidene fluoride slurry formulations in lithium-ion battery cathodes

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第01期34卷 194-206页

作者： Sung Cik Mun Yeong hoon Jeon Jong Ho Won Battery Materials Research Center LG Chem Department of Energy Engineering Dankook University

With electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and portable electronic devices becoming increasingly popular, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has surged considerably. In the lithium-ion battery industry, n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP) is widely used as the solvent for cathode slurry, and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) is used as the cathode binder. However, because of the harmful effect of NMP on the environment and human health, the use of NMP and PVDF for lithium-ion batteries will be highly regulated in the future. Therefore, developing eco-friendly alternatives is crucial for formulating systems using new solvents and binders. Despite numerous efforts, these alternatives have not been widely adopted across the lithium-ion battery industry. It is due to their limited ability to compete on price or performance to replace the traditional NMP/PVDF slurry formulations. This review investigates developments in the search for new solvents and binders that can be used in cathode slurry compositions. The new systems can potentially decrease energy consumption and manufacturing costs associated with NMP recovery, energy-intensive drying processes, and material expenses. We discuss key factors and technical challenges from earlier studies and compare them with the current, optimized formulations based on NMP and PVDF.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Eco-friendly alternative Slurry formulation Chemical regulation Binder performance

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Vertical plane depth-resolved surface potential and carrier separation characteristics in flexible CZTSSe solar cells with over 12% efficiency

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 36-52页

作者： Dae-Ho Son Ha Kyung Park Dae-Hwan Kim Jin-Kyu Kang Shi-Joon Sung Dae-Kue hwang Jaebaek Lee dong-Hwan Jeon Yunae Cho William Jo Taeseon Lee JunHo Kim Sang-hoon Nam Kee-Jeong Yang Division of Energy Technology DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Research Center for Thin Film Solar Cells DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic *** main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and *** overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior *** determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber *** elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)*** the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was *** improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.

关键词： carrier separation CZTSSe flexible solar cell local current surface potential

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Highly Elastic,Bioresorbable Polymeric Materials for Stretchable,Transient Electronic Systems

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 1-13页

作者： Jeong‑Woong Shin dong‑Je Kim Tae‑Min Jang Won Bae Han Joong hoon Lee Gwan‑Jin Ko Seung Min Yang Kaveti Rajaram Sungkeun Han Heeseok Kang Jun Hyeon Lim Chan‑Hwi Eom Amay J.Bandodkar Hanul Min Suk‑Won hwang KU‑KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University145 Anam‑roSeongbuk‑guSeoul 02841Republic of Korea SK Hynix 2091Gyeongchung‑daeroBubal‑eupIcheon‑siGyeonggi‑do 17336Republic of Korea Hanwha Systems Co. Ltd.188Pangyoyeok‑roBundang‑guSeongnam‑siGyeonggi‑do 13524Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27606USA Center for Advanced Self‑Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies(ASSIST) North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27606USA Department of Integrative Energy Engineering Korea University145 Anam‑roSeongbuk‑guSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)5 Hwarang‑ro 14‑gilSeongbuk‑guSeoul 02792Republic of Korea Semiconductor R&D Center Samsung Electronics Co.Ltd.Hwaseong‑siGyeonggi‑do 18448Republic of Korea Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition Biomedical Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea

Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient ***,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution *** of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external *** of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.

关键词： Biodegradable elastomer Conductive polymer composites Biomedical device Transient electronics

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