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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Lower-Level Health Care Facilities of Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania: Status towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and Way Forward

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 279-295页

作者： Mariam Mahamudu hussein Mohamed Michael Habtu Dennis Rweyemamu Anyitike Mwakitalima Amour Seleman Erick Mgina Khalid Massa Grace Saguti Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Zabulon Yoti Ministry of Health Dodoma Tanzania Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania Regional Office for Africa World Health Organization Brazzaville Republic of the Congo National Institute for Medical Research Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.

关键词： Dispensaries Low Level Health Care Facilities Service Levels Basic WASH Dar es Salaam

Assessing the Impact of Regulations on Radiation Safety Culture and Practices in Radiology Departments

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第8期12卷 3006-3016页

作者： Saad Alqahtani Khaled Soliman Khaled Altuwayjiri Mohammed Al Shehri Yahya Jubran Alwaleed Al hussein Nawaf Alanazi Nawaf Alanazi Fahad Alqarni Hela Alqahtani Ahmed Jowana Radiodiagnostic and Medical Imaging Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Medical Physics Department Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Radiology Department King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital Riyadh Saudia Arabia Radiology Department Prince Sultan Cardiac Center Riyadh Saudia Arabia Radiology Department Durma General Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia Nursing Department Alquwayiyah Primary Health Care Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorities have endeavored to enact policies to protect all employers and patients in radiology departments. Objectives: To assess the impact of radiation safety practices and regulations on the ongoing improvements in radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. This will be achieved through a subjective assessment of national and international rules and regulations by healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in the radiology departments of three JCI-accredited hospitals in the Riyadh region to identify and assess the impact of national radiation regulations and the accompanying processes on the improvement of radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the grading system results among various groups of respondents, based on their educational level. Also, there are statistically significant differences between the assessments of safety level results in the answers provided by various groups of respondents according to education level in favor of the master’s degree. Conclusion: The study concludes that technicians with a diploma degree require stricter regulation. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that an exposure tracking system and a regulatory action supporting it may be useful in the ongoing task of improving patients’ radiation safety.

关键词： Impact Radiation Safety Culture Regulations Accreditation Practice Radiology Departments

Minimizing Buoyancy Factor of Metallic Pressure-Hull Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 769-793页

作者： Mahmoud Helal Elsayed Fathallah Abdulaziz H Alghtani hussein Shawki Osman Jong Wan Hu hasan Eleashy Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTaif UniversityTaif 21944Saudi Arabia Production and Mechanical Design Department Faculty of EngineeringMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Civil Engineering Department M.T.C.Kobry ElkobbaCairo 11865Egypt Ships and Submarines Engineering Department Military Technical CollegeCairo 11865Egypt Civil Engineering Department Sohag UniversitySohag 82524Egypt Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Korea Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Korea Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyFuture University in EgyptCairo 11835Egypt

To increase the payload,reduce energy consumption,improve work efficiency and therefore must accordingly reduce the total hull weight of the *** paper introduces a design optimization process for the pressurehull of submarines under uniform external hydrostatic pressure using bothfinite element analysis(FEA)and optimization tools.A comprehensive study about the optimum design of the pressure hull,to minimize the weight and increase the volume,to reach minimum buoyancy factor and maximum operating depth minimizing the buoyancy factor(B.F)is taken as an objective function with constraints of plate and frame yielding,general instability and *** optimization process contains many design variables such as pressure-hull plate thickness,unsupported spacing,dimensions of long and ring beams andfinally the elliptical submersible pressure-hull *** optimization process was conducted using ANSYS parametric design language(APDL)and *** Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm(G.A)is considered to conduct the optimization ***,parametric analysis is done on the pressure hull to examine the effect of different design variables on the pressure-hull *** a result,the B.F of the proposed optimal model is reduced by an average of 31.78%compared with Reference Model(RM).Maximum von Mises stress is reduced by 27%as *** results can be helpful for submarine pressure-hull designers.

关键词： Buoyancy factor pressure-hull material failure ANSYS ISIGHT general instability

Investigating the Relevance of Arabic Text Classification Datasets Based on Supervised Learning

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2022年第2期20卷 187-208页

作者： Ahmad hussein Ababneh the Computer Science Department American University of MadabaMadaba 2882

Training and testing different models in the field of text classification mainly depend on the pre-classified text document datasets. Recently, seven datasets have emerged for Arabic text classification, including Single-Label Arabic News Articles Dataset(SANAD), Khaleej, Arabiya, Akhbarona, KALIMAT, Waten2004, and Khaleej2004. This study investigates which of these datasets can provide significant training and fair evaluation for text classification(TC). In this investigation, well-known and accurate learning models are used, including naive Bayes(NB), random forest(RF), K-nearest neighbor(KNN), support vector machines(SVM), and logistic regression(LR) models. We present relevance and time measures of training the models with these datasets to enable Arabic language researchers to select the appropriate dataset to use based on a solid basis of comparison. The performances of the five learning models across the seven datasets are measured and compared with the performances of the same models trained on a well-known English language dataset. The analysis of the relevance and time scores shows that training the SVM model on Khaleej and Arabiya obtained the most significant results in the shortest amount of time,with the accuracy of 82%.

关键词： shortest enable neighbor

Optimization of the mechanical performance and damage failure characteristics of laminated composites based on fiber orientation

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第9期17卷 1357-1369页

作者： hussein DALFI Anwer AL-OBAIDI Abdalameer TARIQ hussein RAZZAQ Roham RAFIEE Mechanical Department College of EngineeringUniversity of WasitKut 35140Iraq Composites Research Laboratory Faculty of New Sciences and TechnologiesUniversity of TehranTehran 33134Iran

In this study,the effect of fiber angle on the tensile load-bearing performance and damage failure characteristics of glass composite laminates was investigated experimentally,analytically,and *** glass fabric in the laminate was perfectly aligned along the load direction(i.e.,at 0°),offset at angles of 30°and 45°,or mixed in different directions(i.e.,0°/30°or 0°/45°).The composite laminates were fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin *** influence of fiber orientation angle on the mechanical properties and stiffness degradation of the laminates was studied via cyclic tensile strength ***,simulations have been conducted using finite element analysis and analytical approaches to evaluate the influence of fiber orientation on the mechanical performance of glass *** testing revealed that,although the composite laminates laid along the 0°direction exhibited the highest stiffness and strength,their structural performance deteriorated *** also determined that increasing the fiber offset angle(i.e.,30°)could optimize the mechanical properties and damage failure characteristics of glass *** results of the numerical and analytical approaches demonstrated their ability to capture the mechanical behavior and damage failure modes of composite laminates with different fiber orientations,which may be used to prevent the catastrophic failures that occur in composite laminates.

关键词： fiber orientation composite laminates stiffness degradation analytical approaches finite element analysis

Development of the Supply Chain Oriented Quality Assurance System for Aerospace Manufacturing SMEs and Its Implementation Perspectives

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第6期29卷 1067-1073页

作者： hussein Abdullahi CHENG Kai College of Engineering Design and Physical Sciences Brunel University London

Aerospace manufacturing SMEs are continuously facing the challenge on managing their supply chain and complying with the aerospace manufacturing quality standard requirement due to their lack of resources and the nature of business. In this paper, the ERP system based approach is presented to quality control and assurance work in light of seamless integration of in-process production data and information internally and therefore managing suppliers more effectively and efficiently. The Aerospace Manufacturing Quality Assurance Standard （BS/EN9100） is one of the most recognised and essential protocols for developing the industry-operated-and-driven quality assurance systems. The research investigates using the ERP based system as an enabler to implement BS/EN9100 quality management system at manufacturing SMEs and the associated implementation and application perspectives. An application case study on a manufacturing SME is presented by using the SAP based implementation, which helps fiarther evaluate and validate the approach and application system development.

关键词： BS/EN 9100 Quality Assurance aerospace manufacturing ERP system aerospace quality assurance SAP programming

Necessary and Sufficient Optimality Conditions for Relaxed and Strict Control of Forward-Backward Doubly SDEs with Jumps Under Full and Partial Information

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第6期33卷 1804-1846页

作者： AL-hussein AbdulRahman GHERBAL Boulakhras Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah 51452Saudi Arabia Laboratory of Mathematical Analysis Probability and OptimizationUniversity of Mohamed KhiderBiskrua07000Algeria

This paper derives necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality in the form of a stochastic maximum principle for relaxed and strict optimal control problems with *** problems are governed by multi-dimensional forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equations(FBDSDEs)with Poisson jumps and has firstly relaxed controls,which are measure-valued processes,and secondly,as an application,the authors allow them to have strict *** FBDSDEs with jumps are fully-coupled,the forward and backward equations work in different Euclidean spaces in general,the backward equation is Markovian,and the control problems are considered under full information or partial information in terms ofσ-algebras that provide such *** formulation of these equations as well as performance functionals are given in abstract forms to allow the possibility to cover most of the applications available in the ***,coefficients of such equations are allowed to depend on control variables.

关键词： Adjoint equations forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equations maximum principle necessary conditions Poisson process relaxed control strict control sufficient conditions

Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in food and infant feces

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 510-514页

作者： Sameer Rushdi Organji hussein hasan Abulreesh Khaled Elbanna Gamal Ebrahim Haridy Osman Manal Khider Department of Biology Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al-Qura University Department of Agricultural Microbiology Faculty of Agriculture Fayoum University Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGER)-ARC GizaEgypt Department of Dairy Science Faculty of Agriculture Fayoum University

Objective: To investigate the true incidence of Bacillus cereus(B. cereus) in food and children diarrhea cases. Methods: A total of 110 samples of various dairy products such as raw milk, long life pasteurized milk, yoghurt and infant powdered milk formulas, raw rice, and feces were examined for the presence of B. cereus by selective plating on mannitol-egg-yolk-polymyxin agar. Confirmation of B. cereus was carried out by biochemical tests and PCR. Identification of non-B. cereus isolates was carried out by 16 S r DNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility was done by disk diffusion ***: Overall 35 samples(31.8%, n = 110) yielded Bacillus-like growth. Of which 19 samples(54.28%) were positive for B. cereus. All isolates were positive for enterotoxin production. No psychrotolerant B. cereus strains were detected in all samples. All B. cereus isolates were resistant to penicillin G, but susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the importance of including B. cereus in disease control and prevention programs, as well as in routine clinical and food quality control laboratories in both Saudi Arabia and Egypt.

关键词： Bacillus cereus Bacillus licheniformis Diarrhea Enterotoxin Food Infant milk formula

Gene therapy for liver regeneration:Experimental studies and prospects for clinical trials

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第32期16卷 4019-4030页

作者： hussein M Atta Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineMinia UniversityMisr-Aswan RoadEl-Minia 61519Egypt

The liver is an exceptional organ,not only because of its unique anatomical and physiological characteristics,but also because of its unlimited regenerative *** of the molecular mechanisms that govern liver regeneration has allowed researchers to exploit them to augment liver *** progress in the field,however,was made by the introduction of the powerful tool of gene *** of genetic materials,such as hepatocyte growth factor,using both viral and non-viral vectors has proved to be successful in augmenting liver regeneration in various animal *** future clinical studies,ongoing research aims at eliminating toxicity of viral vectors and increasing transduction efficiency of non-viral vectors,which are the main drawbacks of these *** goal of current research is to develop gene therapy that targets specific liver cells using receptors that are unique to and highly expressed by different liver cell *** outcome of such investigations will,undoubtedly,pave the way for future successful clinical trials.

关键词： Liver regeneration Gene therapy Genetic vectors Growth factors