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A Parallel Hybrid Testing Technique for Tri-Programming Model-Based Software Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4501-4530页

作者： Huda Basloom Mohamed Dahab Abdullah Saad AL-Ghamdi Fathy Eassa ahmed mohammed alghamdi Seif Haridi Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia KTH Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSweden

Recently,researchers have shown increasing interest in combining more than one programming model into systems running on high performance computing systems(HPCs)to achieve exascale by applying parallelism at multiple *** different programming paradigms,such as Message Passing Interface(MPI),Open Multiple Processing(OpenMP),and Open Accelerators(OpenACC),can increase computation speed and improve *** the integration of multiple models,the probability of runtime errors increases,making their detection difficult,especially in the absence of testing techniques that can detect these *** studies have been conducted to identify these errors,but no technique exists for detecting errors in three-level programming *** the increasing research that integrates the three programming models,MPI,OpenMP,and OpenACC,a testing technology to detect runtime errors,such as deadlocks and race conditions,which can arise from this integration has not been ***,this paper begins with a definition and explanation of runtime errors that result fromintegrating the three programming models that compilers cannot *** the first time,this paper presents a classification of operational errors that can result from the integration of the three *** paper also proposes a parallel hybrid testing technique for detecting runtime errors in systems built in the C++programming language that uses the triple programming models MPI,OpenMP,and *** hybrid technology combines static technology and dynamic technology,given that some errors can be detected using static techniques,whereas others can be detected using dynamic *** hybrid technique can detect more errors because it combines two distinct *** proposed static technology detects a wide range of error types in less time,whereas a portion of the potential errors that may or may not occur depending on the 4502 CMC,2023,vol.74,no.2 operating environme

关键词： Software testing hybrid testing technique OpenACC OpenMP MPI tri-programming model exascale computing

Recognition of Urdu Handwritten Alphabet Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2967-2984页

作者： Gulzar ahmed Tahir Alyas Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science University of South AsiaLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Handwritten character recognition systems are used in every field of life nowadays,including shopping malls,banks,educational institutes,*** is the national language of Pakistan,and it is the fourth spoken language in the ***,it is still challenging to recognize Urdu handwritten characters owing to their cursive *** paper presents a Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)model to recognize Urdu handwritten alphabet recognition(UHAR)offline and online *** research contributes an Urdu handwritten dataset(aka UHDS)to empower future works in this *** offline systems,optical readers are used for extracting the alphabets,while diagonal-based extraction methods are implemented in online ***,our research tackled the issue concerning the lack of comprehensive and standard Urdu alphabet datasets to empower research activities in the area of Urdu text *** this end,we collected 1000 handwritten samples for each alphabet and a total of 38000 samples from 12 to 25 age groups to train our CNN model using online and offline ***,we carried out detailed experiments for character recognition,as detailed in the *** proposed CNN model outperformed as compared to previously published approaches.

关键词： Urdu handwritten text recognition handwritten dataset convolutional neural network artificial intelligence machine learning deep learning

A Novel Database Watermarking Technique Using Blockchain as Trusted Third Party

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1585-1601页

作者： ahmed S.alghamdi Surayya Naz Ammar Saeed Eesa Al Solami Muhammad Kamran mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahKSA Abdul Wali Khan University MardanPakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusWah CanttPakistan

With widespread use of relational database in various real-life applications,maintaining integrity and providing copyright protection is gaining keen interest of the *** this purpose,watermarking has been used for quite a long *** requires the role of trusted third party and a mechanism to extract digital signatures(watermark)to prove the ownership of the data under *** is often inefficient as lots of processing is ***,certain malicious attacks,like additive attacks,can give rise to a situation when more than one parties can claim the ownership of the same data by inserting and detecting their own set of watermarks from the same *** solve this problem,we propose to use blockchain technology—as trusted third party—along with watermarking for providing a means of rights protection of relational *** blockchain for writing the copyright information alongside watermarking helps to secure the watermark as changing the blockchain is very *** way,we combined the resilience of our watermarking scheme and the strength of blockchain technology—for protecting the digital rights information from alteration—to design and implement a robust scheme for digital right protection of relational ***,we also discuss how the proposed scheme can also be used for version *** proposed technique works with nonnumeric features of relational database and does not target only selected tuple or portion(subset)from the database for watermark embedding unlike most of the existing techniques;as a result,the chances of subset selection containing no watermark decrease *** proposed technique employs zerowatermarking approach and hence no intentional error(watermark)is added to the original *** results of the experiments proved the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： Watermarking blockchain digital copyright protection relational databases security

Optimized Evaluation of Mobile Base Station by Modern Topological Invariants

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 363-378页

作者： Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Due to a tremendous increase in mobile traffic,mobile operators have started to restructure their networks to offload their *** directions will lead to fundamental changes in the design of future Fifthgeneration(5G)cellular *** the formal reason,the study solves the physical network of the mobile base station for the prediction of the best characteristics to develop an enhanced network with the help of graph *** number that can be uniquely calculated by a graph is known as a graph *** the last two decades,innumerable numerical graph invariants have been portrayed and used for correlation *** any case,no efficient assessment has been embraced to choose,how much these invariants are connected with a network *** paper will talk about two unique variations of the hexagonal graph with great capability of forecasting in the field of optimized mobile base station topology in setting with physical *** K-banhatti sombor invariants(KBSO)and Contrharmonic-quadratic invariants(CQIs)are newly introduced and have various expectation characteristics for various variations of hexagonal graphs or *** the hexagonal networks are used in mobile base stations in layered,forms called *** review settled the topology of a hexagon of two distinct sorts with two invariants KBSO and CQIs and their reduced *** deduced outcomes can be utilized for the modeling of mobile cellular networks,multiprocessors interconnections,microchips,chemical compound synthesis and memory interconnection *** results find sharp upper bounds and lower bounds of the honeycomb network to utilize the Mobile base station network(MBSN)for the high load of traffic and minimal traffic also.

关键词： Hexagonal networks k-banhatti sombor invariants maple network graph artificial intelligence contraharmonic-quadratic invariants honeycomb

K-Banhatti Sombor Invariants of Certain Computer Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 15-31页

作者： Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Abaid Ur Rehman Virk Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of SialkotSialkot51013Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Any number that can be uniquely determined by a graph is called a graph *** the last twenty years’countless mathematical graph invariants have been characterized and utilized for correlation ***,no reliable examination has been embraced to decide,how much these invariants are related with a network graph or molecular *** this paper,it will discuss three different variants of bridge networks with good potential of prediction in the field of computer science,mathematics,chemistry,pharmacy,informatics and biology in context with physical and chemical structures and networks,because k-banhatti sombor invariants are freshly presented and have numerous prediction qualities for different variants of bridge graphs or *** study solved the topology of a bridge graph/networks of three different types with two invariants KBanhatti Sombor Indices and its reduced *** deduced results can be used for the modeling of computer networks like Local area network(LAN),Metropolitan area network(MAN),and Wide area network(WAN),backbone of internet and other networks/structures of computers,power generation,bio-informatics and chemical compounds synthesis.

关键词： Bridge networks invariants k-banhatti sombor indices maple network graph molecular graph

Leaching Fraction (LF) of Irrigation Water for Saline Soils Using Machine Learning

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1915-1930页

作者： Rab Nawaz Bashir Imran Sarwar Bajwa Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf ahmed mohammed alghamdi Adel ABahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusPakistan Department of Computer Science and IT Islamia University BahawalpurPakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior University Lahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Soil salinity is a serious land degradation issue in *** is a major threat to agriculture *** irrigation water is applied to leach down the salts from the root zone of the plants in the form of a Leaching fraction(LF)of irrigation *** the leaching process to be effective,the LF of irriga-tion water needs to be adjusted according to the environmental conditions and soil salinity level in the form of Evapotranspiration(ET)*** relationship between environmental conditions and ET rate is hard to be deﬁned by a linear relationship and data-driven Machine learning(ML)based decisions are required to determine the calibrated Evapotranspiration(ETc)***-assisted ETc is pro-posed to adjust the LF according to the ETc and soil salinity level.A regression model is proposed to determine the ETc rate according to the prevailing tempera-ture,humidity,and sunshine,which would be used to determine the smart LF according to the ETc and soil salinity *** proposed model is trained and tested against the Blaney Criddle method of Reference evapotranspiration(ETo)*** validation of the model from the test dataset reveals the accu-racy of the ML model in terms of Root mean squared errors(RMSE)are 0.41,Mean absolute errors(MAE)are 0.34,and Mean squared errors(MSE)are 0.28 mm *** applications of the proposed solution in a real-time environ-ment show that the LF by the proposed solution is more effective in reducing the soil salinity as compared to the traditional process of leaching.

关键词： Leaching fraction saline soil evapotranspiration machine learning calibrated evapotranspiration artiﬁcial intelligence blaney criddle method

The future of competitive advantage in Oman: Integrating green product innovation, Al, and intellectual capital in business strategies

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第2期8卷 154-171页

作者： Fadi Abdelfattah mohammed Salah Khalid Dahleez Riyad Darwazeh hussam Al Halbusi Modern College of Business and Science(MCBS) MuscatOman Dean College of Business Administration A'Sharqiyah UniversityIbraOman Head of Accounting Department Business SchoolAl-Ahliya Amman UniversityAmmanJordan Management Department Ahmed Bin Mohammed Military College(ABMMC)DohaQatar

This study delves into the dynamics of green product innovation,artificial intelligence(Al)adaption,and intellectual capital,investigating their impact on the competitiveness of firms in *** emphasizes the crucial role of government intervention and R&D investments in this *** on the responses of 214 top managers in Oman,the research employs structural equation modeling to analyze the intricate relationships between these *** findings underscore a significant positive correlation between green innovation,Al implementation,and intellectual capital,with government involvement and R&D investments as vital *** study provides a novel perspective on the synergy of technology,innovation,and intellectual capital in developing *** offers essential insights for business leaders,policymakers,and scholars,highlighting the necessity of integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices in business strategies to achieve competitive *** research adds to the existing body of knowledge on innovation and *** offers practical implications for enhancing firm performance in Oman and similar emerging markets.

关键词： Green product innovation R&D investments AI adoption Intellectual capital Government involvement Knowledge-driven culture Oman

The Awareness of Keratoconus among General Population in Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第1期11卷 49-59页

作者： Rahaf mohammed Alruwaili Abeer Surihan Alharbi Omar Ali alghamdi Yahya Abdulrahman Alyahya Nouf mohammed Albalawi Sameer Sohail Alostaz Omar ahmed Asiri Khalid Alarfaj College of Medicine Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Ohud Hospital Madina Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department King Fahad Hospital Albaha Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Burydah Central Hospital Qassim Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Tabuk University Tabuk Saudi Arabia Batterjee Medical College Jeddah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Medicine Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Keratoconus (KCN) is one of the degenerative corneal disorders, which causes impairment in normal visual acuity with a higher prevalence in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding KCN, its risk factors, and management among the Saudi population. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire distributed through online platforms. A mixture of convenience and snowball sampling techniques was adopted for sample collection. Our analysis included a final sample size of 837 participant responses. The questionnaire had items related to sociodemographic characteristics (5 items), knowledge (10 items), and source of information (1 item). The mean knowledge scores were calculated and categorized (good, fair, and poor) to assess each participant’s knowledge. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the statistical association between categorical variables. Results: The mean knowledge score was found to be 4.12 ± 2.6, and 67.5% of the participants showed “poor” scores. There was no statistically significant association of knowledge scores observed with any of the sociodemographic details. It was agreed by 76% and 42.5% that genetic predisposition and chronic eye inflammation could predispose to KCN. Only 38.1% (n = 157) agreed that KCN could be treated with optical glasses or contact lenses in the initial stages. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding KCN was not satisfactory among our study population. There is a need to create an increased level of awareness for KCN. Health awareness programs and community campaigns should be organized to raise awareness regarding KCN and better eye health care utilization.

关键词： Ophthalmology Inflammation Keratoconus Blindness

Topical Application of Ascorbic Acid Solution as an Adjunctive Method of Periodontal Therapy among Wet Snuff Users after Prosthodontics Therapy

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2021年第3期11卷 119-132页

作者： mohammed M. A. Abdullah Al-Abdaly Ali Saleh alghamdi Ahmad Hassan Alshehri Faris ahmed Abdullah Al Nasser Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences Department College of Dentistry King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health King Khalid Hospital Alkhaldiyah Primary Health Care Center Tabuk Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Al Qahmah Hospital Asir Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Mnshabah Primary Health Care Center Jazan Saudi Arabia

Background: During several years, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) played a significant role in the health of periodontal tissues. The goals of prosthodontics management are to restore the missing teeth, provide the loss of teeth functions, and establish acceptable dental esthetics, and there are some evidences revealing the passive effects of snuff on the results of prosthodontics and periodontal treatment, so the present study is performed to evaluate the outcomes of topical application of ascorbic acid solution as an adjunctive method of periodontal therapy among wet sniff users after prosthodontics therapy. Methods: The clinical situation was evaluated in 150 moderate periodontitis patients after conventional periodontal and prosthodontics therapy. They were selected from outpatient clinics, college of dentistry, King Khalid University, and from some hospitals Ministry of Health in Tabuk, Jazan and Aseer regions. The study was conducted from September 2020 to December 2020. The time of post-treatment assessment was one year. The study was included 50 patients who don