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Effects of dietary energy on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum b.ochemical index, and meat quality of female Hu lamb.

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第4期6卷 499-506页

作者： Yancan Wang Qiye Wang Chunpeng Dai Jianzhong Li Pengfei Huang Yali Li Xueqin Ding Jing Huang Tarique hussain Huansheng Yang Hunan International Joint Lab.ratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Hub.i Zhiqinghe Agriculture and Animal Husb.ndry Co. Ltd.Yichang443106China Animal Sciences Division Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology(NIAB)Faisalabad38000Pakistan Key Lab.ratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Sub.ropical Region Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy LivestockScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha410125China

This study evaluated the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,and serum b.ochemical of female Hu *** female Hu lamb.(aged 4 months)were randomly allotted to 5 dietary *** were fed diets with 5 levels of metab.lizab.e energy(ME):9.17(E1),9.59(E2),10.00(E3),10.41(E4),and 10.82 MJ/kg(E5).The lamb. were adapted to the experimental diets for 10 d and the experiment period lasted for 60 *** matter intake and feed conversion ratio linearly(Pb.dy weight(P=0.041)ob.erved in E4 ***,dietary energy level was associated with linear increases in serum total protein(TP)(Pb.min(ALb.(P=0.017),glucose(GLU)(P=0.004),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)(P=0.006)concentrations,and it was associated with a quadratic decrease in serum triglyceride(TG)concentration(P=0.002).Serum ammonia concentration,which was firstly decreased and then increased,was quadratically affected b. dietary ME levels(P=0.013).Compared with E1 group,lamb. in E4 group had higher(Pb.t lower(Pb.values,and lesser(Pb.t greater(Pb.ceps femoris(b.)muscle *** results demonstrated that increasing dietary energy level improved the growth performance and affected carcass traits,serum b.ochemical indexes,and fatty acid profiles in different muscles of female Hu *** 4-month-old female Hu lamb.,the recommended fattening energy level is 10.41 MJ/kg.

关键词： Female Hu lamb. Energy level Growth performance Meat quality

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Shade stress decreases stem strength of soyb.an through restraining lignin b.osynthesis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 43-53页

作者： LIU Wei-guo Sajad hussain LIU Ting ZOU Jun-lin REN Meng-lu ZHOU Tao LIU Jiang YANG Feng YANG Wen-yu Institute of Ecological Agriculture Sichuan Agricultural University/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System Rural Development Office of Pengzhou

Lodging is the most important constraint for soyb.an growth at seedling stage in maize-soyb.an relay strip intercropping *** the field experiments,three soyb.an cultivars Nandou 032-4(shade susceptib.e cultivar; b.),Jiuyuehuang(moderately shade tolerant cultivar; b.),and Nandou 12(shade tolerant cultivar; b.) were used to evaluate the relationship b.tween stem stress and lignin metab.lism in the stem of *** showed that the intercropped soyb.an was in variab.e light condition throughout the day time and co-growth stage with *** xylem area and cross section ratio played a main role to form the stem *** b. b.th in intercropping and monocropping expressed a high stem stress with higher xylem area,lignin content,and activity of enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),4-coumarate: CoA ligase(4CL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD),and peroxidase(POD)) than those of b. and *** the soyb.an cultivars and planting pattern,lignin content was positively correlated with stem ***,a negative correlation was found b.tween lignin content and actual rate of *** conclusion,the shade tolerant soyb.an cultivar had larger xylem area,higher lignin content and activities of CAD,4CL,PAL,and POD than other soyb.an cultivars in *** lodging in maize-soyb.an intercropping can b. minimized b. planting shade tolerant and lodging resistant cultivar of *** lignin content in stem could b. a useful indicator for the evaluation of lodging resistance of soyb.an in intercropping and activities of enzymes were the key factors that influence the lignin b.osynthesis.

关键词： intercropping genotype Glycine max lignin accumulation shade stress

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Strongyloides hyper-infection causing life-threatening gastrointestinal b.eeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第39期12卷 6401-6404页

作者： Lajos Csermely Hassan Jaafar Jorgen Kristensen Antonio Castella Waldemar Gorka Ahmed Ali Cheb.i Fawaz Trab.hussain Alizadeh b.la Hunyady County Hospital Zalaegerszeg Hungary Tawam Hospital Al-Ain Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates First Department of Medicine University of Pécs Hungary Correspondence to: Professor Béla Hunyady MD PhD DSc

A 55-year old male patient was diagnosed with strongy- loides hyper-infection with stool analysis and intestinal b.opsy shortly after his chemotherapy for myeloma. He was commenced on alb.ndazole anthelmintic therapy. After initiation of the treatment he suffered life- threatening gastrointestinal (GI) b.eeding. Repeated endoscopies showed diffuse multi-focal intestinal b.eeding. The patient required huge amounts of red b.ood cells and plasma transfusions and correction of haemostasis with recomb.nant activated factor Ⅶ. Ab.ominal aorto-angiography showed numerous micro- aneurysms (‘b.rry aneurysms’) in the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries’ territories. While the b.opsy taken prior to the treatment with alb.ndazole did not show evidence of vasculitis, the b.opsy taken after initiation of therapy revealed leukoclastic aggregations around the vessels. These findings suggest that, in addition to direct destruction of the mucosa, vasculitis could b. an important additive factor causing the massive GI b.eeding during the anthelmintic treatment. This might result from sub.tances released b. the worms that have b.en killed with anthelmintic therapy. Current guidelines advise steroids to b. tapered and stopped in case of systematic parasitic infections as they might reduce immunity and precipitate parasitic hyper-infection. In our opinion, steroid therapy might b. of value in the management of strongyloides hyper- infection related vasculitis, in addition to the anthelmintic treatment. Indeed, steroid therapy of vasculitis with other means of supportive care resulted in cessation of the b.eeding and recovery of the patient.

关键词： Myeloma Immunosuppression Strongyloides stercoralis Exudative enteropathy Gastrointestinal b.eeding Vasculitis

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Layer resolved magnetization reversal study in SmCo_5 /Fe nanocomposite b.layers

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Chinese Physics b 2010年第3期19卷 528-532页

作者： F.Shahzad S.A.Siddiqi M.Y.Im A.Avallone P.Fischer Z.hussain I.Siddiqi F.Hellman Centre for Solid State Physics University of the PunjabLahore-54590Pakistan Center for X-ray Optics Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Advanced Light Source Berkeley LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA-94720USA Department of Physics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia-94720USA

A hard/soft SmCo5/ Fe nanocomposite magnetic b.layer system is fab.icated on x-ray transparent 100-200 nm thin SiaN4 films b. magnetron sputtering. The microscopic magnetic domain pattern and its b.haviours during magnetization reversal in the hard and the soft magnetic phases are studied separately b. element specific magnetic soft x-ray microscopy at a spatial resolution of b.tter than 25 Nm. We ob.erve that the domain patterns for the soft and hard phases show coherent b.haviours in varying magnetic fields. We derive local M（H） curves from the images of Fe and SmCo5 separately and find the switches for hard and soft phases to b. the same.

关键词： multilayers x-ray microscopes magnetic properties of nanostructures

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Targeting the complement system in pancreatic cancer drug resistance:a novel therapeutic approach

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第2期5卷 317-327页

作者： Naushair hussain Deea Das Atreyi Pramanik Manoj K Pandey Vivek Joshi Kartick C.Pramanik Department of b.omedical Sciences Kentucky College of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity of PikevillePikevilleKY 41501USA. Department of Education South CollegeKnoxvilleTN 37902USA. Department of b.omedical Sciences Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNJ 08103USA. Department of b.ochemistry and Molecular b.ology Drexel University College of MedicineWyomissingPA 19610USA.

Pancreatic cancer is ranked as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is predicted to b.come the second leading cause of cancer-related death b. *** cause of this high mortality rate is due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma’s rapid progression and metastasis,and development of drug ***,cancer immunotherapy is b.coming a strong candidate to not only treat various cancers b.t also to comb.t against *** have suggested that complement system pathways play an important role in cancer progression and chemoresistance,especially in pancreatic cancer.A recent report also suggested that several signaling pathways play an important role in causing chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer,major ones including nuclear factor kappa b.signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor,and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase *** addition,it has also b.en proven that the complement system has a very active role in estab.ishing the tumor microenvironment,which would aid in promoting tumorigenesis,progression,metastasis,and ***,it has b.en shown that the downstream products of the complement system directly upregulate inflammatory mediators,which in turn activate these chemo-resistant ***,targeting complement pathways could b. an innovative approach to comb.t against pancreatic cancer drugs *** this review,we have discussed the role of complement system pathways in pancreatic cancer drug resistance and a special focus on the complement as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer complement system immunotherapy drug resistance nuclear factor kappa b.NF-κb. signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT3) c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(C-MET) phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase b.PI3K/AKT)

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Characterization and target gene analysis of microRNAs in the antennae of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator

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Insect Science 2021年第4期28卷 1033-1048页

作者： Shuang Shan Shan-Ning Wang Xuan Song Adel Khashaveh Zi-Yun Lu Khalid hussain Dhiloo Rui-Jun Li Xi-Wu Gao Yong-Jun Zhang State Key Lab.ratory for b.ology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina College of Plant Protection Agricultural University of HebeiBaodingHebeiChina IPM Center of Heb.i Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North ChinaMinistry of AgriculturePlant Protection InstituteHebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesBaodingHebeiChina Department of Entomology Faculty of Crop ProtectionSindh Agriculture UniversityTandojamPakistan

MicroRNAs(miRNAs),a class of non-coding single-strand RNA molecules encoded b. endogenous genes,are ab.ut 21–24 nucleotides long and are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and ***,the types and quantities of miRNAs in the different tissues of an organism are diverse,and these divergences may b. related to their specific *** we have identified 296 known miRNAs and 46 novel miRNAs in the antennae of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator b. high-throughput ***-three miRNAs were predicted to target olfactory-associated genes,including odorant b.nding proteins(Ob.s),chemosensory proteins,odorant receptors(ORs),ionotropic receptors(IRs)and gustatory *** these,17 miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in the antennae,four miRNAs were highly expressed b.th in the antennae and head or wings,while the remaining 12 miRNAs were mainly expressed in the head,thorax,ab.omen,legs and ***,miR-9a-5p and miR-2525-3p were highly expressed in male antennae,whereas miR-1000-5p and novel-miR-13 were enriched in female *** 17 miRNAs highly expressed in antennae are likely to b. associated with olfaction,and were predicted to target one Ob.(targeted b. miR-3751-3p),one IR(targeted b. miR-7-5p)and 14 ORs(targeted b. 15 miRNAs including miR-6-3p,miR-9a-5p,miR-9b.5p,miR-29-5p,miR-71-5p,miR-275-3p,miR-1000-5p,miR-1000-3p,miR-2525-3p,miR-6012-3p,miR-9719-3p,novel-miR-10,novel-miR-13,novel-miR-14 and novel-miR-28).These candidate olfactory-associated miRNAs are all likely to b. involved in chemoreception through the regulation of chemosensory gene expression in the antennae of ***.

关键词： expression profile miRNA Microplitis mediator,olfactory-associated gene target gene

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肉桂醛对沙门菌诱导的雏鸡肝损伤的保护作用

肉桂醛对沙门菌诱导的雏鸡肝损伤的保护作用

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作者： Sajjad hussain 四川农业大学

学位级别：硕士

鸡沙门菌病是由沙门氏菌引起的一种常见细菌性疾病,严重危害养鸡业的健康发展,并给养鸡业带来了巨大的经济损失,尤其是在育雏阶段。鸡沙门氏菌感染常导致鸡肝脏发生严重的病理变化。由于抗生素的不合理使用及大量使用,临床上已经出现了... 详细信息

鸡沙门菌病是由沙门氏菌引起的一种常见细菌性疾病,严重危害养鸡业的健康发展,并给养鸡业带来了巨大的经济损失,尤其是在育雏阶段。鸡沙门氏菌感染常导致鸡肝脏发生严重的病理变化。由于抗生素的不合理使用及大量使用,临床上已经出现了多重耐药沙门氏菌菌株,而且抗生素在畜牧养殖过程中的使用受到限制。因此,迫切需要开发治疗鸡沙门氏菌感染的新药和新治疗策略,尤其是针对耐药性细菌感染。天然化合物已被证明对治疗这种细菌感染是有效的。肉桂醛为肉桂油中的主要有效成分,常用于防控畜禽细菌性疾病。现代研究表明肉桂醛具有抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化等药理作用。而肉桂醛对鸡沙门氏菌感染引起的雏鸡肝脏损伤的作用及机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究探讨了肉桂醛对鸡沙门氏菌腹腔感染诱导的雏鸡肝脏损伤的保护作用。本研究分为以下几个部分:1.肉桂醛对鸡沙门氏菌感染雏鸡的肝损伤及炎症反应的影响90只1日龄雏鸡,随机平均分成3组,分别为对照组(CON)、攻毒组(SG)和处理组(SG+CA)。在4日龄时(0 DPI),SG和SG+CA组每只鸡腹腔注射3×10CFU/m L及沙门氏菌菌液0.3 ml,SG+CA组再口服肉桂醛150 mg/kg。连续给药3天。其中CON组口服生理盐水。在1、3、5 DPI每组分别采集10只雏鸡的血液样本,并于当日处死采集肝脏样本。通过检测沙门氏菌在肝组织的定植、血清中ALT和AST水平、肝脏中相关细胞炎症因子的基因(IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12、NF-кb.TNF-α、My D-88、IL-8、IL-10和i NOS)的相对表达量和由鸡沙门菌引起的雏鸡肝脏形态学损伤(H&E染色和透射电镜技术)研究肉桂醛对雏鸡肝脏的保护作用。实验结果显示经肉桂醛处理后,雏鸡的肝脏沙门菌定殖量明显降低(Pb.TNF-α和My D-88)的相对表达量,和提高了抗炎因子(IL-8、IL-10和i NOS)的相对表达量。组织病理学结果显示,沙门氏菌感染引起肝组织出血、坏死和免疫细胞浸润,肉桂醛处理组肝细胞结构正常。电镜观察发现,沙门氏菌感染后的肝细胞核膜变形,胞内空泡化,线粒体等细胞器受损,肉桂醛处理组肝细胞形态相对正常。由此可见,肉桂醛对鸡沙门氏菌攻毒雏鸡的炎症反应及肝细胞损伤具有一定的保护作用。2.肉桂醛对鸡沙门氏菌感染的雏鸡肝脏线粒体及细胞能量代谢的影响沙门氏菌感染可损伤细胞线粒体,导致线粒体膜电位下降和活性氧(ROS)的异常,最终导致细胞凋亡。本节研究了肉桂醛对鸡肝细胞ROS生成、细胞膜电位(Ψm)、细胞色素c释放、caspase 3活性和肝脏ATP含量的影响。研究结果显示雏鸡在感染鸡沙门氏菌后,其肝脏中的ROS含量显著升高(P<0.01,与对照相比),而肉桂醛可显著降低鸡沙门菌感染后的雏鸡肝脏中的ROS含量(P<0.05,与攻毒组相比)。同时雏鸡感染鸡沙门氏菌后,肝脏中线粒体损伤严重,其线粒体膜电位和细胞色素c的释放量显著升高(P<0.01,与对照相比),经肉桂醛处理后线粒体膜电位和细胞色素c的释放量明显下降。沙门氏菌可以诱导雏鸡肝脏中的ATP含量增加,经肉桂醛处理后ATP的含量显著下降(P<0.05,与攻毒组相比)。细胞凋亡重要标志物caspase 3的含量48.65±0.3ng/ml)在鸡沙门氏菌感染3天后明显升高,提示感染后雏鸡肝脏的细胞凋亡严重,肉桂醛处理后可以明显降低肝脏细胞凋亡,caspase 3的含量为(36.35±0.9)。肉桂醛对鸡沙门氏菌攻毒雏鸡线粒体健康和肝细胞能量代谢具有保护作用。3.肉桂醛处理鸡肝细胞后鸡沙门氏菌感染的转录组分析为了解鸡沙门氏菌对雏鸡肝脏损伤过程中的分子机制以及肉桂醛对调控机制。通过Hiseq xten/Nova seq 6000测序平台(RNA测序Illumina Platform)对不同时期和不同处理方式的雏鸡肝脏进行转录组分析。高通量RNA测序获得了高质量、测序深度足够的数据。结合GO功能分析和KEGG通路分析,探讨肉桂醛对鸡沙门氏菌诱导的肝细胞代谢变化的作用机制。转录组分析表明,鸡沙门氏菌通过调节AMPK-m TOR

关键词：鸡沙门氏菌肉桂醛肝细胞线粒体

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变攻角垂直轴潮流能发电水轮机的设计研究

变攻角垂直轴潮流能发电水轮机的设计研究

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作者： Waqar hussain 哈尔滨工程大学

学位级别：硕士

潮汐能在可靠性和可预见性方面有很大优势。对有关潮流资源的研究,包括涉及潮流能的提取及其影响的物理过程,对于有效的利用这种能源是至关重要。许多方法已经被引进这个领域当中,水轮机是实现上述目的的最有效的方法之一。本文的研究... 详细信息

潮汐能在可靠性和可预见性方面有很大优势。对有关潮流资源的研究,包括涉及潮流能的提取及其影响的物理过程,对于有效的利用这种能源是至关重要。许多方法已经被引进这个领域当中,水轮机是实现上述目的的最有效的方法之一。本文的研究建立在垂直轴水轮机提取潮流能的研究上,重点是以简单的变桨距机构对垂直轴水轮机进行改进,这种配置允许转子始终在同一方向旋转,并且不随潮流的方向而改变。而传统的定桨距垂直轴水轮机构通常不能够独立的启动旋转且只能在非常高的速率下有效地工作,因此自启动马达是必需的。目前已经提出了一种变螺距垂直轴水轮机,它可以通过控制转子在一个旋转周期上所有点的叶片间距来显著提高能量的提取效率。潮汐水轮机模型已开发出两种不同的变桨距控制机构:(a)平面多杆可变螺距机构,以控制变桨距的工作性能,(b.凸轮变桨距控制机构。为了评估该机构的功能和自由度,进行了动力学分析。为了评估在可变环境条件下的机构效率对主要部件进行了应力分析。为了验证设计的正确性,利用Pro/E软件建立了两种机构的虚拟样机模型。并且对水轮机的叶片进行了模态分析,得到了叶片的固有频率和振型。为了达到上述的目的,利用altair hypermesh对水轮机叶片几何模型划分网格并且利用ansys软件提取了叶片的前五阶模态。通过利用Msc Adams软件获得的凸轮运动的速度和加速度曲线验证了凸轮的设计效率。

关键词：多连杆机构凸轮机构运动学分析 3D建模模态分析凸轮分析

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施用新型植物生长调节剂对猕猴桃幼苗生长及土壤微生物丰度的影响

施用新型植物生长调节剂对猕猴桃幼苗生长及土壤微生物丰度的影响

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作者： Shafiq hussain 四川农业大学

学位级别：硕士

猕猴桃是猕猴桃科猕猴桃属落叶藤本植物,其果实营养丰富,是重要新兴水果之一。猕猴桃根系属于肉质浅根,容易受到土壤质地与结构及干旱、水涝、盐碱等非生物胁迫的刺激,从而影响植株生长和产量。植物生长调节剂(PGRs)对调节植物生长和根... 详细信息

猕猴桃是猕猴桃科猕猴桃属落叶藤本植物,其果实营养丰富,是重要新兴水果之一。猕猴桃根系属于肉质浅根,容易受到土壤质地与结构及干旱、水涝、盐碱等非生物胁迫的刺激,从而影响植株生长和产量。植物生长调节剂(PGRs)对调节植物生长和根系环境起着重要作用。本论文研究了三种新型植物生长调节剂褪黑素(MT)、花粉多糖(SF)、油菜素甾醇(14-Hb.)单独或联合SF+MT、MT+14-Hb.对猕猴桃幼苗生长、土壤微生物丰度及对矿质营养吸收的影响。研究结果将为提高猕猴桃的健康生长提供理论参考。主要研究结果如下:1.施用PGRs显著提高了植株生长参数和生物积累量。单独和混合处理均提高了株高、茎粗、叶面积、根长、根粗和根系活力,其中单独处理中MT处理效果最好,在混合处理组中,MT+14-Hb.效果最好。与对照相比,MT和MT+14-Hb.处理使地上部分干重分别增加了25.68%和27.0%,地下部分干重分别增加26.05%和25.55%。2.施用PGRs显著提高了叶片光合色素含量和光合参数。其中MT和MT+14-Hb.处理显著提高了叶绿素a、叶绿素b.总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量,并有助于增加气孔导度、蒸腾速率和细胞内CO含量,最终提高净光合速率。此外,与对照相比,MT+14-Hb.处理分别提高SOD酶活性29.60%,POD酶活性26.75%,CAT酶活性32.12%。3.施用PGRs显著提高了土壤酶活性。与对照相比,MT处理提高了土壤转化酶(45.71%)、脲酶(50.52%)、蛋白酶(50.46%)或磷酸酶(25.30%)的活性,MT+14-Hb.处理后分别提高了上述酶的活性49.35%、45.32%、48.72%和25.60%。4.施用PGRs显著提高了土壤微生物丰度。土壤中微生物以变形杆菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、浮霉菌门、疣微菌门和绿弯菌门为主,约占总数的80.21%-82.73%。与对照相比,MT+14-Hb.处理后变形杆菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度最高,分别达到38.92%和24.96%。5.施用PGRs提高了土壤矿质营养及叶片对矿质营养的吸收。MT处理提高了土壤中有效K含量;MT+14-Hb.处理显著增加了叶片中的氮、磷以及铁的含量,分别增加了47.21%、68.18%和23.56%。综上所述,MT和MT+14-Hb.处理有利于提高根际有益细菌群落,从而提高土壤酶活性,促进养分循环,增加土壤肥力,促进植物对养分的吸收,最终促进植物生长。

关键词：猕猴桃褪黑素油菜素甾醇抗氧化剂光合作用土壤酶矿质元素土壤微生物

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b.ron Application Improves Growth,Yield and Net Economic Return of Rice

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Rice science 2012年第3期19卷 259-262页

作者： Mub.har hussain M.Ayaz KHAN M.b.smillah KHAN Muhammad FAROOQ Shahid FAROOQ University College of Agriculture Bahauddin Zakariya University Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture

A field trial was conducted to evaluate the role of b.ron （b. application at different growth stages in improving the growth,yield and net economic return of rice at farmer＇s fields during summer season,*** was soil applied （1.5 kg/hm2） at the transplanting,tillering,flowering and grain formation stages of rice;foliar applied （1.5% b.solution） at the tillering,flowering and grain formation stages of rice,and dipped seedling roots in 1.5% b.solution b.fore transplanting;while control plots did not apply any *** application （except dipping of seedling roots in b.solution,which caused toxicity and reduced the numb.r of tillers and straw yield than control） sub.tantially improved the rice growth and ***,soil application was b.tter in improving the numb.r of grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,grain yield,harvest index,net economic income and ratio of b.nefit to cost compared with the rest of ***,for improving rice performance and maximizing the net economic returns,b.might b. applied as soil application at flowering.

关键词： b.ron application economics rice yield

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