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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 189-199页

作者： Jie-Yu Zhu Yang-Zhou Su Hai-Bo Yang Fen-hua Lu Yan Yang Xi-Wen Liu Ping Wei Shu-Cai Wan Hao-Qing Xie Xian-Qin Li Cong Dai hui-jun hu Hong-Bang Liu Shu-Wen Tang Cheng-Xin Zhao Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

The high energy cosmic-radiation detection(HERD)facility is planned to launch in 2027 and scheduled to be installed on the China Space *** serves as a dark matter particle detector,a cosmic ray instrument,and an observatory for high-energy gamma rays.A transition radiation detector placed on one of its lateral sides serves dual purpose,(ⅰ)calibrating HERD's electromagnetic calorimeter in the TeV energy range,and(ⅱ)serving as an independent detector for high-energy gamma *** this paper,the prototype readout electronics design of the transition radiation detector is demonstrated,which aims to accurately measure the charge of the anodes using the SAMPA application specific integrated circuit *** electronic performance of the prototype system is evaluated in terms of noise,linearity,and *** the presented design,each electronic channel can achieve a dynamic range of 0–100 fC,the RMS noise level not exceeding 0.15 fC,and the integral nonlinearity was<0.2%.To further verify the readout electronic performance,a joint test with the detector was carried out,and the results show that the prototype system can satisfy the requirements of the detector's scientific goals.

关键词： HERD Dark matter particle detection TRD Readout electronics SAMPA Data acquisition Performance test

Numerical simulation study on the hygrothermal performance of building exterior walls under dynamic wind-driven rain condition

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 207-221页

作者： Xing hu huibo Zhang hui Yu School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Wind-driven rain(WDR)has a significant influence on the hygrothermal performance,durability,and energy consumption of building *** calculation of WDR loads using semi-empirical models has been incorporated into the boundary conditions of coupled heat and moisture transfer ***,prior research often relied on fixed WDR absorption ratio,which fail to accurately capture the water absorption characteristics of porous building materials under rainfall ***,this study aims to investigate the coupled heat and moisture transfer of exterior walls under dynamic WDR boundary conditions,utilizing an empirically obtained WDR absorption ratio model based on field *** developed coupled heat and moisture transfer model is validated against the HAMSTAD *** findings reveal that the total WDR flux calculated with the dynamic WDR boundary is lower than that obtained with the fixed WDR boundary,with greater disparities observed in orientations experiencing higher WDR *** variations in moisture flow significantly impact the surface temperature and relative humidity of the walls,influencing the calculation of cooling and heating loads by different *** to the transient heat transfer model,the coupled heat and moisture transfer model incorporating dynamic WDR boundary exhibits maximum increases of 17.6%and 16.2%in cooling and heating loads,*** dynamic WDR boundary conditions provide more precise numerical values for surface moisture flux,offering valuable insights for the thermal design of building enclosures and load calculations for HVAC systems.

关键词： wind-driven rain building component hygrothermal model transient simulation cooling and heating loads

Normalized glandular dose coefficients for digital breast tomosynthesis using detailed Chinese breast models

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 42-59页

作者： Jia-Hao Wang Rui Qiu An-Kang hu Ye-Qi Liu Zhen Wu hui Zhang jun-Li Li Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Joint Institute of Tsinghua University Nuctech Company Limited BeijingBeijing 100084China

The rise in breast cancer diagnoses among Chinese women has necessitated the use of X-ray breast screening,which carries a radiation *** study aimed to provide a dosimetry protocol for the Chinese female population to replace the traditional standard that utilizes simplified breast models,for the accurate estimation of the mean glandular dose of a patient undergoing digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT).The first set of detailed Chinese female breast models and representative breast parameters was *** backscatter radiation and computational efficiency,we improved the combination of these models and the Chinese reference adult female whole-body voxel *** acquisition for four commercial DBT systems that are widely employed in China was simulated using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the normalized glandular dose coefficients of DBT(D_(gN)^(DBT))and the glandular depth dose(D_(g)^(dep)(z))for different breast characteristics and X-ray *** calculated a series of D_(gN)^(DBT) values for breasts with different percentage mass glandularities(5%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and compressed breast thicknesses(2,3,4,5,6,and 7 cm)at various tube potentials(25,28,30,32,35,and 49 kV)and target/filter combinations(W/Rh,W/Al,Mo/Mo,Rh/Rh,and Rh/Ag).The parameter dependence of the breast characteristics and beam conditions on D_(gN)^(DBT) in detailed breast models was *** D_(gN)^(DBT) results were 14.6-51.0%lower than those of the traditional dosimetry standard in *** difference in D_(gN)^(DBT) was mainly due to a decrease in the depth of the main energy deposition area caused by the glandular distribution along the depth *** results obtained in this study may be used to improve breast dosimetry in China and provide more detailed information on risk assessment during DBT.

关键词： Digital breast tomosynthesis Normalized glandular dose coefficients Detailed breast model Monte Carlo simulation

Effects of Acupotomy on Immobilization-Induced Gastrocnemius Contracture and Fibrosis in Rats via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第7期30卷 633-642页

作者： hu Rui PAN jun-kang LI Jia-hui ZHANG Han LI Shao-rong ZHANG Yi School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China Acupuncture Department Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunming650500China

Objective To determine whether acupotomy ameliorates immobilization-induced muscle contracture and fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling *** Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=6)by a random number table,including control,immobilization,passive stretching,acupotomy,and acupotomy 3 weeks(3-w)*** rat model of gastrocnemius contracture was established by immobilizing the right hind limb in plantar flexion for 4 *** in the passive stretching group received passive stretching at gastrocnemius,a daily series of 10 repetitions for 30 s each at 30-s intervals for 10 consecutive *** in the acupotomy and acupotomy 3-w groups received acupotomy once and combined with passive stretching at gastrocnemius a daily series of 10 repetitions for 30 s each at 30-s intervals for 10 consecutive ***,rats in the acupotomy 3-w group were allowed to walk freely for 3 weeks after 10-day *** treatment,range of motion(ROM),gait analysis[i.e.,paw area,stance/swing and maximum ratio of paw area to paw area duration(Max dA/dT)],gastrocnemius wet weight and the ratio of muscle wet weight to body weight(MWW/BW)were *** morphometric and muscle fiber cross-sectional area(CSA)were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin ***-related mRNA expressions(i.e.,Wnt 1,β-catenin,axin-2,α-smooth muscle actin,fibronectin,and types I and III collagen)were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain *** 1,β-catenin and fibronectin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** I and III collagen in the perimysium and endomysium were analyzed using *** Compared with the control group,ROM,gait function,muscle weight,MWW/BW and CSA were significantly decreased in the immobilization group(all P<0.01),while protein levels of types I and III collagen,Wnt 1,β-catenin,fibronectin and mRNA levels of fibrosis-related genes were obviously increased(all P<0.01).Tr

关键词： acupotomy immobilization muscle contracture muscle fibrosis Wnt/β-catenin signaling

A Review of Contact Electrification at Diversified Interfaces and Related Applications on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 106-130页

作者： jun hu Mitsumasa Iwamoto Xiangyu Chen CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China School of Nanoscience and Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Department of Physical Electronics Tokyo Institute of Technology2‑12‑1 S3‑33 O‑OkayamaMeguro‑KuTokyo 152‑8552Japan

The triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)can effectively collect energy based on contact electrification(CE)at diverse interfaces,including solid–solid,liquid–solid,liquid–liquid,gas–solid,and gas–*** enables energy harvesting from sources such as water,wind,and *** this review,we provide an overview of the coexistence of electron and ion transfer in the CE *** elucidate the diverse dominant mechanisms observed at different interfaces and emphasize the interconnectedness and complementary nature of interface *** review also offers a comprehensive summary of the factors influencing charge transfer and the advancements in interfacial modification ***,we highlight the wide range of applications stemming from the distinctive characteristics of charge transfer at various ***,this review elucidates the future opportunities and challenges that interface CE may *** anticipate that this review can offer valuable insights for future research on interface CE and facilitate the continued development and industrialization of TENG.

关键词： Contact electrification Interfaces Triboelectric nanogenerators Diversified applications

2D–3D dual carbon layer confined ultrasmall VN nanoparticles for improving lithium-ion storage in hybrid capacitors

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 65-75页

作者： Zhao-Wei hu hui-Fang Li Peng Wang Wan-Li Wang Lei Yang Xiao-jun Wang Zhi-Ming Liu College of Electromechanical Engineering Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Preparation and Application of High-Performance Carbon-MaterialsQingdao University of Science&TechnologyQingdao 266061China Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology College of Textiles and ClothingQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China

Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs) of achieving high power and energy density have garnered significant attention. However, the kinetics unbalance between anode and cathode can impede the application of LICs. Vanadium nitride(VN) with a high theoretical specific capacity(~ 1200 m Ah·g^(-1)) is a better pseudocapacitive anode to match the response of cathode in LICs. However, the insertion/extraction of Li-ions in VN's operation results in significant volume expansion. Herein, the VN/N-r GO-5composite that three-dimentional(3D) dicyandiamidederived-carbon(DDC) tightly wrapped VN quantum dots(VN QDTs) on two-dimentional(2D) reduced graphene oxid(r GO) was prepared by a facile strategy. The VN QDTs can reduce ion diffusion length and improve charge transfer kinetics. The 2D r GO as a template provides support for nanoparticle dispersion and improves electrical conductivity. The 3D DDC tightly encapsulated with VN QDTs mitigates agglomeration of VN particles as well as volume expansion. Correspondingly, the LICs with VN/Nr GO-5 composite as anode and activated carbon(AC) as cathode were fabricated, which exhibits a high energy density and power density. Such strategy provides a perspective for improving the electrochemical properties of LIC anode materials by suppressing volume expansion and enhancing conductivity.

关键词： Vanadium nitride(VN)quantum dots Reduced graphene oxide(rGO)nanosheets Dicyandiamide-derived-carbon 2D–3D dual carbon layer Lithium-ion capacitors

Phase transfer-based high-efficiency recycling of precious metal electrocatalysts

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 68-74页

作者： Qing Zeng Shaonan Tian Yu Zhang hui Liu Dong Chen Xinlong Tian Chaoquan hu jun Yang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemistrySchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHainan UniversityHaikou570228China Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry Nanjing211100China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Recycling precious metals with high-efficiency is undoubtedly beneficial to optimize resource utilization for environmental remediation and sustainable ***,we report an efficient route to recycle the palladium(Pd)and platinum(Pt)electrocatalysts using a phase transfer *** strategy involves acidic dissolution of deactivated precious metal(Pd/Pt)electrocatalysts from their loading substrates,mixing with an ethanolic solution of dodecylamine(DDA),subsequent extraction of metal ions into a non-polar organic phase,and final reduction by sodium borohydride to reproduce high-performance electrocatalysts towards typical electrochemical reactions,e.g.,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR).In specific,the transfer efficiencies are up to 98%and the final recovery rate is over 85%for Pd and Pt electrocatalysts in each *** approach symbolizes a facile and efficient way to recover precious metals,which might be applied to recycling a wide range of metals in various realms after appropriate modifications.

关键词： Precious metal Phase transfer Extraction Recovery Electrocatalyst

Outlier-resistant distributed fusion filtering for nonlinear discrete-time singular systems under a dynamic event-triggered scheme

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第2期25卷 237-249页

作者： Zhibin hu jun hu Cai CHEN Hongjian LIU Xiaojian YI Department of Applied Mathematics Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin150080China Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Optimization Control and Intelligent Analysis for Complex Systems Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin150080China School of Automation Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin150080China School of Mathematics and Physics Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu241000China School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology Jiaxing314003China Tangshan Research Institute Beijing Institute of TechnologyTangshan063099China

This paper investigates the problem of outlier-resistant distributed fusion filtering(DFF)for a class of multi-sensor nonlinear singular systems(MSNSSs)under a dynamic event-triggered scheme(DETS).To relieve the effect of measurement outliers in data transmission,a self-adaptive saturation function is ***,to further reduce the energy consumption of each sensor node and improve the efficiency of resource utilization,a DETS is adopted to regulate the frequency of data *** the addressed MSNSSs,our purpose is to construct the local outlier-resistant filter under the effects of the measurement outliers and the DETS;the local upper bound(UB)on the filtering error covariance(FEC)is derived by solving the difference equations and minimized by designing proper filter ***,according to the local filters and their UBs,a DFF algorithm is presented in terms of the inverse covariance intersection fusion *** such,the proposed DFF algorithm has the advantages of reducing the frequency of data transmission and the impact of measurement outliers,thereby improving the estimation ***,the uniform boundedness of the filtering error is discussed and a corresponding sufficient condition is ***,the validity of the developed algorithm is checked using a simulation example.

关键词： Distributed fusion filtering Multi-sensor nonlinear singular systems Dynamic event-triggered scheme Outlier-resistant filter Uniform boundedness

Mapping out the reaction network of humin formation at the initial stage of fructose dehydration in water

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第6期9卷 1016-1026页

作者： Xing Fu Yexin hu Ping hu hui Li Shuguang Xu Liangfang Zhu Changwei hu Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610064China State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan611137China

The formation of humins hampers the large-scale production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ***,a detailed reaction network of humin formation at the initial stage of fructose-to-HMF dehydration in water is delineated by combined experimental,spectroscopic,and theoretical *** bimolecular reaction pathways to build up soluble humins are *** is,the intermolecular etherification of β-furanose at room temperature initiates the C12 path,whereas the C-C cleavage of a-furanose at 130-150℃ leads to C11 path,and that of open-chain fructose at 180℃ to C11' *** successive intramolecular dehydrations and condensations of the as-formed bimolecular intermediates lead to three types of soluble *** show that the C12 path could be restrained by using HCl or AlCl_(3) catalyst,and both the C12 and C110 paths could be effectively inhibited by adding THF as a co-solvent or accelerating heating rate via microwave heating.

关键词： Carbohydrates 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Reaction network Soluble humins Tautomer

Advanced Sensors Towards Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 871-890页

作者： Jinliang He Zhifei Han jun hu Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China IEEE CSEE

The ubiquitous power Internet of Things(UPIoT)uses modern information technology and advanced communication technologies to realize interconnection and human-computer interaction in all aspects of the power *** has the characteristics of comprehensive state perception and efficient information processing,and has broad application prospects for transformation of the energy *** fundamental facility of the UPIoT is the sensor-based information *** using advanced sensors,Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),and advanced data processing technologies,Internet of Things can be realized in the power *** this paper,a framework of WSNs based on advanced sensors towards UPIoT is *** addition,the most advanced sensors for UPIoT purposes are reviewed,along with an explanation of how the sensor data obtained in UPIoT is utilized in various scenarios.

关键词： Advanced sensors ubiquitous power Internet of Things wireless sensor networks