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Early human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science Bulletin 2018年第24期63卷 1598-1600页

作者： Dongju Zhang huan xia Fahu Chen Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou University Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology (LAE) CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System SciencesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The Tibetan Plateau,the world's "Third Pole",has an average elevation above 4,000 masl (meters above sea level)and an area of over 500×10^4km^2,It is the highest and largest plateau on earth and is very sensitive to global climate change [1,2].The cold,dry and hypoxic high-altitude environment of the plateau presents a major challenge to human ***,the history and mechanisms of prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau-from brief hunting expeditions to seasonal hunting-gathering and finally to permanent settlements-has attracted both general interest and substantial scientific debates [3-6].Archaeological studies indicate that humans probably first explored the plateau at the end of the late *** practiced intensive seasonal hunting-gathering from 15 ka BP [6],and permanently settled regions above 3,000 masl after 3.6 ka BP,which was facilitated by the development of an agropastoral economy [3].However, the early part of the human history of the Tibetan Plateau is still poorly documented,due to the lack of well-preserved archaeological sites and reliable dating results (***).

关键词： The Tibetan Plateau average elevation human history

(+)/(-)-Yanhusamides A-C,three pairs of unprecedented benzylisoquinoline-pyrrole hetero-dimeric alkaloid enantiomers from Corydalis yanhusuo

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第2期13卷 754-764页

作者： Lingyan Wang Guiyang xia huan xia xiaohong Wei Yanan Wang Sheng Lin Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China

A chemical investigation on the aqueous extract of Corydalis yanhusuo tubers led to the isolation and structural elucidation of three pairs of trace enantiomeric hetero-dimeric alkaloids,(+)/(-)-yanhusamides A-C(1-3),featuring an unprecedented 3,8-diazatricylco[5.***.2.0^(2,6)]undecane-8,10-diene bridged *** structures were exhaustively characterized by X-ray diffraction,comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis,and computational *** by the hypothetical biosynthetic pathway for 1-3,a gram-scale biomimetic synthesis of(±)-1 was achieved in 3 steps using photoenolization/Diels-Alder(PEDA)[4+2]*** 1-3 exhibited potent inhibition of NO production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 *** in vivo assay showed that oral administration of 30 mg/kg of(±)-1 attenuated the severity of rat adjuvant-induced arthritis(AIA).Additionally,(±)-1 induced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced mice writhing assay.

关键词： (+)/(-)-Yanhusamides A-C Hetero-dimeric alkaloids Corydalis yanhusuo Anti-inflammatory Analgesic activity

Earliest hand-and footprint art indicates that Denisovans may have occupied the interior of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau since 200 thousand years ago

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 769-772页

作者： Fahu CHEN huan xia Zhenxiu JIA Dongju ZHANG Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Beijing 100101China MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental System Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

As a result of rapid uplift since the late Cenozoic, the Tibetan Plateau eventually developed an enormous area(3.08 million km^(2)) and became the highest elevation plateau on Earth. The cold and hypoxic environments of the Tibetan Plateau,combined with the strong solar radiation receipt and lack of biological resources, present a major challenge to the occupation and expansion of humans.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau interior

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Non-breeding movements of the Black-tailed Gull(Larus crassirostris)

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 206-214页

作者： huan xia Cecilia Nilsson Kasper Thorup Chenxi Jia Fumin Lei Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Center for Macroecology Evolution and ClimateGlobe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2100CopenhagenDenmark Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650223China

With the continued development of tracking technology and increasing interest in animal movement,our understanding of migration behavior has become more ***,there are still many species that have not been well studied,particularly sea ***,we present the first year-round Global Positioning System(GPS)tracking data of the Black-tailed Gull(Larus crassirostris)at the population *** used solar-powered GPS-Global System for Mobile communication(GSM)loggers to successfully track 30 individuals breeding at Xingrentuo Islet,Liaoning Province,China,for 1-3 *** for one individual who roamed in the far north of the Yellow Sea during non-breeding period,all others did a directed southward *** routes and wintering sites differed among migrating gulls and between years for the birds tracked for two or more ***,during wintering,the migrating gulls were more likely to travel over a large body of water and shift sites,and some trajectories were quite complex,which was probably closely related to what we observed in the field about their boat-chasing *** to wintering movements,the post-breeding movements ranged over a smaller ***,almost all of them had a long post-breeding period near the breeding islet(≥120days,<220 km from the breeding islet),and 80%of the gulls who were tracked more than one year had at least one faithful post-breeding *** to the post-breeding period,only approximately half of the migrating gulls had a pre-breeding period that was shorter(3-20 days)and closer to the breeding islet(≤80 km).Migration distance varied among migrating gulls(range 209-2405 km)and the gulls moved least distance during postbreeding ***,we found that the southward movement of the migrating gulls occurred when the temperature near the breeding islet dropped;specifically,the gulls directly migrated southward away from the post-breeding *** results suggest that the B

关键词： Black-tailed Gull GPS tracking Larus crassirostris Migration Post-breeding Pre-breeding Sea bird Wintering

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of the Stiffness and Stability of Thrust Pad Aerostatic Bearings

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2018年第2期31卷 186-197页

作者： Hai-Long Cui Yang Wang Bao-Rui Wang Hong Yang huan xia Institute of Mechinery Manufacturing Technology China Academy of Engineering Physics

Many researchers concentrate on improving the stiffness and stability of aerostatic bearings, however the contradiction between stiffness and stability is still existed. Therefore, orifice, multiple, and porous restrictors are designed to illustrate the influence of restrictor characteristics on the stability and stiffness of the aerostatic circular pad bearings. Because both the stiffness and stability of aerostatic bearings are determined by the internal pressure distribution, the full Navier?Stokes(N?S) equations are applied to solve internal pressure distribution in bearing film by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method. Simulation results present that the stiffness and stability of aerostatic circular pad bearings are influenced significantly by geometrical and material parameters, such as film thickness, orifice diameters, and viscous resistance coe cient. Verified by the experimental data, the micro vibration of orifice restrictor is almost the same as multiple restrictors with amplitude of 0.02 m/s~2, but it is much stronger than the porous restrictors with acceleration of 0.006 m/s~2. The optimal stiffness of multiple restrictors increased by 46%, compared to only 30.2 N/μm of orifice restrictor, and the porous restrictors had obvious advantage in the small film thickness less than 6 μm where the optimal stiffness increased to 38.3 N/μm. The numerical and experimental results provide guidance for improving the stiffness and stability of aerostatic bearings.

关键词： Aerostatic bearings CFD Restrictor characteristics Stability and stiffness

Circularly polarized luminescence of talarolactones(+)/(-)-A and(+)/(-)-C:The application of CPL-calculation in stereochemical assignment

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第9期33卷 4253-4256页

作者： Guiyang xia Lingyan Wang huan xia Yuzhuo Wu Yanan Wang Haiyu Hu Sheng Lin Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Key Laboratory for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province College of PharmaceuticalQinghai Nationalities UniversityXining 810007China

Two pairs of fluorescent natural products,talarolactones(+)/(−)-A and(+)/(−)-C[(+)/(−)-1 and(+)/(−)-2],were discovered and characterized as a new family of circularly polarized luminescence-active small organic molecules(CPL-SOMs)with high fluorescence efficiency and fascinating CPL *** CPL(|glum|)levels of enantiomerically pure(+)/(−)-1 and(+)/(−)-2 in solution falls into the usual range(10−5−10−3)considering their pure organic nature,but the sign of CPL were found to be closely related to the absolute configuration of *** high agreement of the measured CPL spectra of(+)/(−)-1 and(+)/(−)-2 with the time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT)calculated ones demonstrated the usefulness of CPL-calculation as a unique method for stereochemical *** study may open up a new perspective for the stereochemical studies and the future development of CPL materials.

关键词： Circularly polarized luminescence Natural products Stereochemical assignment Talarolactones(+)/(−)-A Talarolactones(+)/(−)-C

Subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunter-gatherers on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last Deglaciation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第3期63卷 395-404页

作者： Jian WANG huan xia Juanting YAO Xuke SHEN Ting CHENG Qianqian WANG Dongju ZHANG Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Xining 810007China

The study of prehistoric hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the mechanisms and processes of human adaption to high altitude *** to date,only a few Paleolithic sites have been found on the Tibetan Plateau with clear stratigraphy and reliable *** sites are mainly distributed in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the northeastern part of the plateau,and the sporadic fauna and flora remains excavated provide limited information about the subsistence strategies of *** 2014,relatively abundant animal remains were unearthed in the Lower Cultural Layer (LCL,15400-13100 cal yr BP) of the"151 site"located in the Qinghai Lake Basin,providing important information about human subsistence strategies on the Tibetan Plateau during the Last *** analysis of these faunal remains indicates that hunter-gatherers at the"151 site"mainly targeted large ungulates of Bos and wild horse/ass,and only brought back the most nutritious parts of animal carcasses including upper and intermediate limb bones,heads,and trunks (ribs and vertebrae).People then processed and consumed the carcasses around single *** comprehensive analyses of contemporaneous sites in the Qinghai Lake Basin show that a subsistence strategy involving opportunistic hunting of ungulates,high mobility,and short occupation of campsites was used by terminal Pleistocene huntergatherers to adapt to the high-altitude environment on the Tibetan *** subsistence strategy may have been a first step of gradual hunter-gatherer adaptation to the extreme conditions on the Tibetan Plateau after the Last Glacial Maximum,and laid the foundation for the widespread distribution of hunter-gatherers on the plateau during the Holocene.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Last Deglacial 151 site Hunter-gatherers Taphonomy Zooarchaeology Subsistence strategy

Purpurolide C-based microneedle promotes macrophage-mediated diabetic wound healing via inhibiting TLR4-MD2 dimerization and MYD88 phosphorylation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第12期13卷 5060-5073页

作者： Yitong Liu Guiyang xia Yingyi Chen huan xia Junji Xu Lijia Guo Sheng Lin Yi Liu Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function ReconstructionSchool of StomatologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China PImmunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health Bejing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing Dongzhimen HospitalBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100700China Department of Orthodontics School of StomatologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China

Delayed wound healing in diabetes is a global challenge,and the development of related drugs is a clinical problem to be *** this study,purpurolide C(PC),a small-molecule secondary metabolite of the endophytic fungus Penicillium purpurogenum,was found to promote diabetic wound *** investigate the key regulation targets of PC,in vitro RNA-seq,molecular docking calcula-tions,TLR4-MD2 dimerization SDS-PAGE detection,and surface plasmon resonance(SPR)were per-formed,indicating that PC inhibited inflammatory macrophage activation by inhibiting both TLR4-MD2 dimerization and MYD88 ***4 knockout in vivo attenuated the promotion effect of PC on wound ***,a delivery system consisting of macrophage liposome and GelMA-based microneedle patches combined with PC(PC@MLIP MN)was developed,which overcame the poor water solubility and weak skin permeability of PC,so that successfully punctured the skin and delivered PC to local tissues,and accurately regulated macrophage polarization in diabetic wound ***,PC is an anti-inflammatory small molecule compound with a well-defined structure and dualtarget regulation,and the PC@MLIP MN is a promising novel biomaterial for the management of diabetic wound.

关键词： Diabetes Wound healing Purpurolide C Liposome and GelMA-based microneedle patches Macrophage polarization Inflammation Drugdelivery Molecular mechanism

A study of the construction times of the ancient cities in Ganjia Basin,Gansu Province,China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1467-1480页

作者： xia huan ZHANG Dongju WANG Qiang WU Duo DUAN Yanwu CHEN Fahu Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences CASBeijing 100101China

The Ganjia Basin in xiahe County,Gansu Province,China,is located on the northeastern edge of the Tibetan *** area lies in the transitional zone between the Plateau ethnic groups dominated by ancestral Tibetans,and the Central Plains dynasties dominated by ancestral Han in *** Ganjia Basin is therefore well suited to studying the history of the intermixing of the Han and Tibetan *** this study,we collected samples of organic materials from two ancient cities,Bajiaocheng(BJC) and Sirougucheng(SRGC),in the Ganjia Basin,which were used for radiocarbon *** aims were to determine the construction times and function of the cities,based on the radiocarbon ages,Bayesian age modeling,and the analysis of relevant historical *** results are used to discuss the role of the Ganjia Basin in the conflicts between and the integration of the two ethnic groups during the historical *** conclude that BJC was established during 663–732 CE(Common Era);its early occupation history can be divided into an initial establishment phase(670–780 CE) and a phase of regeneration(880–1030 CE).SRGC was probably built at the time of the transition between the Song and Yuan dynasties(~1271 CE).Combining the dating results with an analysis of the architectural styles and historical records,we conclude that BJC was originally built by the Tubo Kingdom as a military stronghold,and its major functions were military,economic and religious,and to support the major eastward expansion of the *** was most likely a temple-focused city intended to promote Tibetan Buddhism which was a major political and religious leadership for the Tibetans at that time,reflecting changes in the status of different religions in the Ganjia *** addition,the intermixing and blending of the Han and Tibetan groups,reflected by the human activities in the Ganjia Basin,was an important demographic and cultural foundation for the formation of the culturally-diverse but spiritually-u

关键词： Ganjia Basin radiocarbon dating Bajiaocheng Sirougucheng ethnic amalgamation Tubo