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Ultra-smooth CsPbI_(2)Br film via programmable crystallization process for high-efficiency inorganic perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第7期66卷 150-156页

作者： Fu zhang Zhu Ma Taotao hua Rui Liu Qiaofeng Wu Yu Yue hua zhang Zheng Xiao Meng zhang Wenfeng zhang Xin Chen hua Yu Institute of Photovoltaics Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Center for Computational Chemistry and Molecular Simulation College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

CsPbI_(2)Br is an ideal inorganic perovskite material with a reasonable bandgap for solar cell applications because of its advantage of superior thermal and phase stability. However, the performance of CsPbI2Br based solar cells highly relied on the perovskite crystallization process along with the interfacial contact engineering process between CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite and charge-transporting layers. In this work, a programmable crystallization method is developed to obtain ultra-smooth CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite film with a well-engineered contact interface in perovskite solar cells. This method combines a pre-stand-by process with a programmable gradient thermal engineering process, which mediates the crystal growth dynamics process of CsPbI2Br perovskite by controlling the release of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) from its coordinates with the perovskite film, leading to high-quality CsPbI_(2)Br film with large-scale crystalline grains, reduced surface roughness, and low trap density. Fabricated perovskite devices based on CsPbI_(2)Br film obtained by this method deliver power conversion efficiency of 14.55 %;meanwhile, the encapsulated CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite device achieves a maximum efficiency of 15.07 %. This decent solar conversion efficiency demonstrates the effectiveness of the programmable crystallization method used in this work,which shows great potential as a universal approach in obtaining high-quality CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite films for fabricating high-efficiency inorganic perovskite solar cells.

关键词： CsPbI_(2)Br Ultra-smooth morphology Interface Crystallization Inorganic perovskites

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Effects of additives on the phase transformation, occurrence state, and the interface of the Ti component in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第9期23卷 1029-1040页

作者： Li zhang Wu zhang Ju-hua zhang Guang-qiang Li School of Materials and Metallurgy Northeastern University School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang Ligong University School of Materials and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and Technology

The influences of additives on the phase transformation, occurrence state, and the interface of the Ti component in Ti-bearing blast furnace slag were investigated. After oxidation, most of the Ti component in the slag was enriched into the perovskite phase, which served as the Ti-rich phase during the crystallization process. The phase transformation, occurrence state, and the interface of the Ti component were observed to be affected by the addition of different types of agents. During the oxidation process, titanaugite and Ti-rich diopside phases gradually transformed into non-Ti phases（anorthite： CaMgSi2O6 and CaAl2Si2O8） in the form of dendrites or columns, which were observed to be distributed at the surface of the perovskite phase. Several more cracks appeared along the grain boundaries of the perovskite phase after the addition of P2O5, facilitating the liberation of the perovskite phase. Composite additives combining both an acid and a base, such as CaO ＋ CaF2 or P2O5 ＋ CaF2, were used. We observed that the disadvantages of using single additives were successfully overcome.

关键词： blast furnace slag titanium additives phase transformation interfaces

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Maximal-minimal correlation atoms algorithm for sparse recovery

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2013年第4期24卷 579-585页

作者： Wei Gan Luping Xu hua zhang School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University

A new iterative algorithm is proposed to reconstruct an unknown sparse signal from a set of projected measurements. Unlike existing greedy pursuit methods which only consider the atoms having the highest correlation with the residual signal, the proposed algorithm not only considers the higher correlation atoms but also reserves the lower correlation atoms with the residual signal. In the lower correlation atoms, only a few are correct which usually impact the reconstructive performance and decide the reconstruction dynamic range of greedy pursuit methods. The others are redundant. In order to avoid redundant atoms impacting the reconstructive accuracy, the Bayesian pursuit algorithm is used to eliminate them. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the reconstructive dynamic range and the reconstructive accuracy. Furthermore, better noise immunity compared with the existing greedy pursuit methods can be obtained.

关键词： compressive sensing (CS) correlation atom Bayesian hypothesis sparse reconstruction.

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X-ray pulsar signal detection using photon interarrival time

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2013年第6期24卷 899-905页

作者： Qiang Xie Luping Xu hua zhang School of Electronic Engineering Xidian University

The distribution probability of the photon interarrival time （PIT） without signal initial phases is derived based on the Poisson model of X-ray pulsar signals, and a pulsar signal detection algorithm employing the PIT sequence is put forward. The joint probability of the PIT sequence is regarded as a function of the distribution probability and used to compare a constant radiation intensity model with the nonhomogeneous Poisson model for the signal detection. The relationship between the number of detected photons and the probabilities of false negative and positive is studied, and the success rate and mean detection time are estimated based on the number of the given photons. For the spacecraft velocity data detection, the changes of time of photon arrival （TOPA） and PIT caused by spacecraft motion are presented first, then the influences on detection are analyzed respectively. By using the analytical pulse profile of PSR B0531＋21, the simulation of the Xray pulsar signal detection is implemented. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the contrast tests show that the proposed method is suitable for the spacecraft velocity data detection.

关键词： pulsar signal detection photon interarrival time (PIT) Poisson model

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THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN-BONDING INTERACTION IN POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL)/POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) BLENDING SOLUTIONS AND THEIR FILMS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2010年第6期28卷 903-911页

作者： Nan-xi Chen Jun-hua zhang State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

The aim of this work is to investigate the hydrogen-bonding interaction in poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/poly(acrylic acid)(PAA) blending system and its influence on rheological properties in solution and the physical properties in solid state. Introducing PAA into PVA solutions resulted in a thickening behavior of blend *** viscosity of the solutions increased with PAA content increasing,and a maximum viscosity could be obtained when the ratio of PVA/PAA was 70/30. The intermolecular hydrogen-bonding and miscibility between PVA and PAA in solid state were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and mechanical *** results displayed the great influence of introducing PAA on the properties of blending *** tensile strength increased from 89.31 MPa to 119.8 MPa and Young’s modulus improved by over 300%with increasing PAA concentration compared with those of pure PVA *** systematically studying the rheological behaviors of solutions and the physical properties of films,the influence of hydrogen-bonding in solutions and solid states were discussed.

关键词： Polymer blending Rheology Hydrogen-bonding Molecular network Miscibility

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Force-displacement characteristics of simply supported beam laminated with shape memory alloys

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第6期27卷 1065-1070页

作者： Zhi-Qiang Wu Zhen-hua zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University 300072 Tianjin China Department of Electromechanical Engineering Nanyang Institute of Technology 473004 Nanyang China

As a preliminary step in the nonlinear design of shape memory alloy（SMA） composite structures,the force-displacement characteristics of the SMA layer are *** bilinear hysteretic model is adopted to describe the constitutive relationship of SMA *** the assumption that there is no point of SMA layer finishing martensitic phase transformation during the loading and unloading process,the generalized restoring force generated by SMA layer is deduced for the case that the simply supported beam vibrates in its first *** generalized force is expressed as piecewise-nonlinear hysteretic function of the beam transverse *** the energy dissipated by SMA layer during one period is obtained by integration,then its dependencies are discussed on the vibration amplitude and the SMA＇s strain（Ms-Strain） value at the beginning of martensitic phase *** is shown that SMA＇s energy dissipating capacity is proportional to the stiffness difference of bilinear model and nonlinearly dependent on *** increasing rate of the dissipating capacity gradually reduces with the amplitude *** condition corresponding to the maximum dissipating capacity is deduced for given value of the vibration *** obtained results are helpful for designing beams laminated with shape memory alloys.

关键词： Shape memory alloy Laminated beam Bilinear hysteretic model Force-displacement characteristics - Energy dissipation

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Enriching the library of axial superlattice nanowires

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Science China Materials 2021年第10期64卷 2627-2628页

作者： Li Zhai Zijian Li hua zhang Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center(NPMM) City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Shenzhen Research Institute City University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China

Integrating functional materials to form heterostructures with novel,sophisticated architectures has attracted extensive interest in chemistry and materials science^([1]).Heterostructures are expected to exhibit superior electrical,thermal,optical and magnetic properties due to the synergistic effect of their different ***,the rational design and preparation of heterostructures with controlled compositions,dimensions.

关键词： nanowires axial rational

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Theoretical investigation of the antimagnetic rotation in ^(104)Pd

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Chinese Physics C 2019年第5期43卷 86-92页

作者： Zhen-hua zhang Mathematics and Physics Department North China Electric Power University Department of Physics and Astronomy Mississippi State University

The particle-number-conserving method based on the cranked shell model is used to investigate the antimagnetic rotation band in ^(104) Pd. The experimental moments of inertia and reduced B(E2) transition probabilities are reproduced well. The J^((2))/B(E2) ratios are also discussed. The occupation probability of each orbital close to the Fermi surface and the contribution of each major shell to the total angular momentum alignment as function of rotational frequency are analyzed. The backbending mechanism of the ground state band in ^(104) Pd is understood clearly and the configuration of the antimagnetic rotation after backbending is clarified. In addition, the crossing of a four quasiparticle state with this antimagnetic rotation band is also predicted. By examining the closing of the angular momenta of four proton holes towards the neutron angular momentum, the "two-shears-like" mechanism for this antimagnetic rotation is investigated and two stages of antimagnetic rotation in ^(104) Pd are clearly seen.

关键词： particle-number-conserving method pairing correlations antimagnetic rotation

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Clinical and preclinical treatment of urologic diseases with phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 5 inhibitors： an update

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 723-731页

作者： Wen-Hao zhang Xin-hua zhang Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City 430071 Hubei Province P.R. China.

Phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 5 inhibitors （PDE5-1s） are the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction （ED）. The constant discoveries of nitric oxide （NO）/cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） cell-signaling pathway for smooth muscle （SM） control in other urogenital tracts （UGTs） make PDE5-1s promising pharmacologic agents against other benign urological diseases. This article reviews the literature and contains some previously unpublished data about characterizations and activities of PDE5 and its inhibitors in treating urological disorders. Scientific discoveries have improved our understanding of cell-signaling pathway in NO/cGMP-mediated SM relaxation in UGTs. Moreover, the clinical applications of PDE5-1s have been widely recognized. On-demand PDE5-1s are efficacious for most cases of ED, while daily-dosing and combination with testosterone are recommended for refractory cases. Soluble guanylate cyclase （sGC） stimulators also have promising role in the management of severe ED conditions. PDE5-1s are also the first rehabilitation strategy for postoperation or postradiotherapy ED for prostate cancer patients. PDE5-1s, especially combined with （z-adrenoceptor antagonists, are very effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） except on maximum urinary flow rate （Qmax） with tadalafil recently proved for BPH with/without ED. Furthermore, PDE5-1s are currently under various phases of clinical or preclinical researches with promising potential for other urinary and genital illnesses, such as priapism, premature ejaculation, urinary tract calculi, overactive bladder, Peyronie＇s disease, and female sexual dysfunction. Inhibition of PDE5 is expected to be an effective strategy in treating benign urological diseases. However, further clinical studies and basic researches investigating mechanisms of PDE5-1s in disorders of UGTs are required.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia erectile dysfunction overactive bladder phosphodiesterase isoenzymes 5 inhibitor priapism smooth muscle

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Influence of double-inlet design on the flow-head characteristics of axial-flow pump

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2021年第4期33卷 763-772页

作者： Yong-sheng Zhou hua zhang Bin Chen School of Mechanical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

The internal flow field of an axial-flow pump under low flow rate conditions is extremely turbulent. The unstable flow region is formed due to the tip leakage and the rotating stall, and is distinguished by a saddle patterned zone in its flow-head curve that demonstrates restrictions in its workable flow range. It is therefore important to understand and improve the operational characteristics of an axial-flow pump under low flow rate conditions. In this study, experiments are performed for the performances of an axial-flow pump at the flow rate in a range between 0.8Qd and 1.2Qd, with the internal flow field measured by the particle image velocimetry (PIV), and with the pump performances and the internal flow field simulated by the Ansys CFX. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. From the predicted heads at the flow rate in the range between 0.1Qd and 0.7Qd by the numerical simulation, the complete flow-head curves are obtained. The streamlines and the velocity contours in the region in front of the impeller leading edge under different flow conditions are analyzed. By adopting the double-inlet structures, the flow-head characteristics are studied by varying the values of δ and σ respectively, where δ denotes the gap between the inner cylinder end and the impeller leading edge, and σ denotes the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder. The findings indicate that with the double-inlet design, the velocity distribution can be effectively improved in the region in front of the impeller leading edge, as well as the head performance under the low flow rate conditions, and the positive slope value of the head curve is reduced in the unstable flow range. The optimal δ and σ values are determined.

关键词： Double-inlet particle image velocimetry(PIV) tip leakage numerical simulation axial-flow pump

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