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汶川强震区震裂山体分布特征与成灾模式研究

灾害学 2024年第1期39卷 177-187页

作者：刘波胡卸文何坤中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所北京100081 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都611756

为研究2008年汶川8.0级地震强震区震裂山体灾害的分布特征及其成灾模式,首先基于植被退化趋势法和全球地表类型覆盖图等多源数据融合方法对研究区震裂山体进行识别,建立了124处典型震裂山体灾害点数据集。分析表明:震裂山体分布特征与... 详细信息

为研究2008年汶川8.0级地震强震区震裂山体灾害的分布特征及其成灾模式,首先基于植被退化趋势法和全球地表类型覆盖图等多源数据融合方法对研究区震裂山体进行识别,建立了124处典型震裂山体灾害点数据集。分析表明:震裂山体分布特征与地震的峰值加速度(PGA)等值线和断层距呈现高度正相关性,受高程放大效应和地形影响,85.48%的灾害点发育于泥石流沟域内,同时94.35%的震裂山体来源于同震滑坡后缘的持续变形;震裂山体主要成灾模式包括高位震裂山体高速崩滑碎屑流、高位震裂山体崩滑铲刮侵蚀型泥石流和高位震裂山体多点崩滑堵溃型泥石流三种灾害链。研究结果对强震区震裂山体灾害的全面识别和综合防治及强震区工程规划具有一定参考价值。

关键词：汶川8.0级地震震裂山体多源数据融合趋势分析法分布特征成灾模式

汉源县工业园区硝厂沟泥石流成灾机理及其堆积范围分析

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中国地质灾害与防治学报 2024年第3期35卷 61-69页

作者：蓝再成胡卸文曹希超黄光林白金钊冯霄西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都610031 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司湖北武汉430061 西南交通大学高速铁路运营安全空间信息技术国家地方联合工程试验室四川成都610031

受2013年“4·20”芦山地震影响,汉源县白岩河沿岸地质灾害频发。目前硝厂沟流域内存有大量松散物源,具备暴发较大规模泥石流风险,严重威胁沟口汉源工业园区厂矿企业,因此,查明其成灾机理及危害性对今后泥石流预测预警和防治工程设计具... 详细信息

受2013年“4·20”芦山地震影响,汉源县白岩河沿岸地质灾害频发。目前硝厂沟流域内存有大量松散物源,具备暴发较大规模泥石流风险,严重威胁沟口汉源工业园区厂矿企业,因此,查明其成灾机理及危害性对今后泥石流预测预警和防治工程设计具有重要意义。文章结合现场勘察、无人机航拍、遥感解译及RAMMS软件,分析了硝厂沟泥石流发育特征,模拟了泥石流运动堆积过程,并在此基础上揭示了其成灾机理。调查研究发现硝厂沟现阶段物源动储量达37×10^(4)m^(3),其中游发育一段宽缓沟道(长900 m、平均宽度60 m),为天然停淤场,对于小规模泥石流具有拦截作用。数值模拟分析表明在降雨频率小于20年一遇时,泥石流冲出物主要在形成区中游宽缓沟道处停淤堆积,不会对沟口工业园区产生直接危害;在降雨频率达到50年一遇时,硝厂沟将暴发大规模泥石流并冲击淤埋沟口工业园区。

关键词：泥石流成灾机理数值模拟 RAMMS

Analysis on Dam-Breaking Mode of Tangjiashan Barrier Dam in Beichuan County

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 354-362页

作者： hu xiewen LUO Gang LV Xiaoping huANG Runqiu SHI Yubin Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China Aseismic Engineering Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031 China Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute China Hydropower Consulting Group Chengdu 610072 China

Tangjiashan landslide is a typical high-speed consequent landslide of medium-steep dip angle. This landslide triggered by earthquake took place in about semi-minute. The relative sliding displacement is 900 meters, so average sliding speed is about 30 meters per second. The longitudinal length of barrier dam which is formed by high-speed landslide along river is 803.4 meters; and maximum width crossing river is 611.8 meters. And its volume is estimated about 20.37 million steres. Through detailed geological investigation of the barrier dam, together with early geological information before earthquake, geological structures of the barrier dam and its stability of upstream and downstream slopes are studied when water level reaches different elevations in condition of continual after shocks with seismic intensity of 7 or 8 Richter scale. On this basis, dam-breaking mode of barrier dam is discussed deeply. Thereby, analytic results provide significant guidance and advices to front headquarters of Tangjiashan barrier dam, so that some proper engineering measures can be implemented and flood discharge can be carried out well.

关键词：大坝地震地质资料山体滑坡斜坡稳定性滑动位移滑动速度地质调查地质结构

Dynamic Response and Deformation Behavior of Kadui-2 Landslide Influenced by Reservoir Impoundment and Rainfall,Baoxing,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第3期34卷 911-923页

作者： Muhammad Kamran xiewen hu Muhammad Awais hussain Muhammad Sanaullah Randa Ali Kun He Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 611756China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Civil Engineering Technology National Skills UniversityIslamabadPakistan Institute of Geology Unversity of the PunjabLahore 54590Pakistan

This study focuses on the deformation characteristics of Kadui-2 Landslide by the influence of reservoir filling-drawdown and precipitation.A three-year monitoring project was implemented in order to observe the short/long-term deformation.The slide mass experienced consistent deformation with a maximum cumulative displacement of 331.34 cm.Based on the recorded data of reservoir water level and precipitation during this period,a two-dimensional(2-D)finite element model using Geostudio software was set up for deformation simulation under different conditions to understand the real influence of these triggering factors on landslide.The numerical simulation results are in consistent with monitoring field data.Both numerical simulation and field monitoring results exhibit that the maximum deformation occurred at the foreside of slumping mass.The slip surface shows significant creep characteristics decreasing as long-term shear strength reducing gradually.Reservoir water level fluctuation is the primary triggering factor to reactivate the landslide mass and has a negative correlation with deformation rate.Displacement rate increases with the reservoir drawdown and decreases with impoundment rise.Compared with reservoir filling-drawdown operation,rainfall has no significant effect on the slide motion of landslide due to limited penetration from the ground surface.

关键词： landslide reservoir water level fluctuation rainfall finite element method cumulative displacement deformation characteristics

Dynamic Response and Deformation Behaviour of Kadui-2 Landslide Influenced by Reservoir Impoundment and Rainfall， Baoxing， China

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年

作者： Muhammad Kamran xiewen hu Muhammad Awais hussain Muhammad Sanaullah Randa Ali Kun He Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering， Southwest Jiaotong University College of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Zhejiang University Institute of Geology， Unversity of the Punjab

This study focuses on the deformation characteristics of Kadui-2 landslide by the influence of reservoir filling-drawdown and precipitation. Three-year monitoring project was implemented in order to observe the short/long-term deformation. The slide mass experienced consistent deformation with a maximum cummulative displacement of 331.34 cm. Based on the recorded data of reservoir water level and precipitation during this period， a two-dimensional (2-D) finite element model using Geostudio software was set up for deformation simulation under different conditions to understand the real influence of these triggering factors on landslide. The Numerical simulation results are in consistent with monitoring field data. Both numerical simulation and field monitoring results exhibit that the maximum deformation occurred at the foreside of slumping mass. The slip surface shows significant creep characteristics decreasing as long-term shear strength reducing gradually. Reservoir water level fluctuation is the primary triggering factor to reactivate the landslide mass and has a negative correlation with deformation rate. Displacement rate increases with the reservoir drawdown and decreases with impoundment rise. Compared to reservoir filling-drawdown operation， rainfall has no significant effect on the slide motion of landslide since a limit penetration from the ground surface.

关键词：

切割斜坡断层的几何形态对斜坡地震响应影响研究

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水文地质工程地质 2023年第6期50卷 147-157页

作者：王志民罗刚王媛胡卸文陈仕阔西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都611756 中国中铁二局第二工程有限公司四川成都610091

与一般重力环境的滑坡相比,地震诱发滑坡在形成机理、运动特征等方面差异显著。天然和降雨条件下,断层破碎带作为边坡的不连续结构面,往往对斜坡的稳定性产生不利影响。而在地震作用下,边坡内部的断层破碎带存在一定的滤波作用,有可能... 详细信息

与一般重力环境的滑坡相比,地震诱发滑坡在形成机理、运动特征等方面差异显著。天然和降雨条件下,断层破碎带作为边坡的不连续结构面,往往对斜坡的稳定性产生不利影响。而在地震作用下,边坡内部的断层破碎带存在一定的滤波作用,有可能减弱边坡的地震动响应。为了探究逆断层几何形态对边坡地震动响应的影响,以汶川地震中牛眠沟滑坡、窝前滑坡、谢家店子滑坡及东河口滑坡为研究对象,概化出断层切割型斜坡的地质模型,利用3DEC离散元软件对不同断层破碎带宽度、倾角、位置情况下的斜坡地震动响应进行模拟。模拟结果表明:(1)随着断层倾角增大,斜坡总位移峰值和坡面加速度峰值表现出增大的趋势,斜坡更易失稳;(2)坡顶监测点的峰值加速度一般大于坡底与坡腰的值,随着断层破碎带宽度增大,对斜坡地震动响应的直接影响愈加明显;(3)断层的存在会增加斜坡失稳的可能性,断层位于坡顶时斜坡地震动响应随断层倾角和破碎带宽度变化的规律性更明显。本研究可为深入揭示地震作用下断层破碎带对斜坡稳定性的影响提供理论依据。本研究可为深入揭示地震作用下断层破碎带对斜坡稳定性的影响提供理论依据。

关键词：地震滑坡断层几何形态斜坡地震响应离散元模拟斜坡稳定性

Numerical simulations of kinetic formation mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2012年第2期4卷 149-159页

作者： Gang Luo xiewen hu Chengzhuang Gu Ying Wang Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China Aseismic Engineering Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China

Tangjiashan landslide is a typical high-speed landslide hosted on consequent bedding rock. The landslide was induced by Wenchuan earthquake at a medium-steep hill slope. The occurrence of Tangjiashan landslide was basically controlled by the tectonic structure, topography, stratum lithology, slope structure, seismic waves, and strike of river. Among various factors, the seismic loading with great intensity and long duration was dominant. The landslide initiation exhibited the local amplification effect of seismic waves at the rear of the slope, the dislocation effect on the fault, and the shear failure differentiating effect on the regions between the soft and the hard layers. Based on field investigations and with the employment of the distinct element numerical simulation program UDEC （universal distinct element code）, the whole kinetic sliding process of Tan iashan landslide was represented and the formation mechanism of the consequent rock landslide under seismic loading was studied. The results are helpful for understanding seismic dynamic responses of consequent bedding rock slopes, where the slope stability could be governed by earthquakes.

关键词： Tangjiashan high-speed landslide formation mechahism sliding process numerical simulations

四川丹巴梅龙沟“6·17”泥石流成灾机理分析

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中国地质灾害与防治学报 2022年第3期33卷 23-30页

作者：文强胡卸文刘波席传杰何坤西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都610031 高速铁路运营安全空间信息技术国家地方联合工程试验室(西南交通大学) 四川成都610031

2020年6月17日丹巴县梅龙沟爆发了一次大规模泥石流,一次性冲出固体物质42.7×10^(4)m^(3),形成泥石流-堰塞坝-溃决洪水-滑坡灾害链,造成5100余户2.12万余人被迫转移,直接经济损失达8亿元。根据现场调查、无人机航拍以及遥感解译,分析... 详细信息

2020年6月17日丹巴县梅龙沟爆发了一次大规模泥石流,一次性冲出固体物质42.7×10^(4)m^(3),形成泥石流-堰塞坝-溃决洪水-滑坡灾害链,造成5100余户2.12万余人被迫转移,直接经济损失达8亿元。根据现场调查、无人机航拍以及遥感解译,分析梅龙沟泥石流的成因及致灾机理,阐述了“物源成因”、“降雨激发”和“地形促进”对泥石流形成产生的影响。结果表明:(1)梅龙沟泥石流是在前期累计降雨和短时强降雨共同作用下形成;(2)梅龙沟泥石流源头为大石堡沟,起动模式为“沟岸垮塌-泥石流”;(3)泥石流沟内持续的物源补给以及东风棚子、梅龙村、大邑村三处大型滑坡产生的级联堵溃效应,致使泥石流流量不断放大,最终导致大量固体物质冲出沟口;(4)沟口形成的堰塞坝-溃决洪水-阿娘寨滑坡灾害链进一步增强了泥石流的致灾能力;(5)现阶段梅龙沟内物源丰富,临界启动降雨阈值降低,极易在雨季发生大规模泥石流,建议及时采取综合防治措施。

关键词：泥石流成灾机理堵溃效应灾害链发展趋势

四川西昌“3·30”火烧区响水沟火后泥石流成灾机理

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中国地质灾害与防治学报 2022年第3期33卷 15-22页

作者：黄健胡卸文金涛曹希超杨相斌西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都610031 高速铁路运营安全空间信息技术国家地方联合工程试验室(西南交通大学) 四川成都610031

2020年3月30日,西昌市经久乡发生森林大火,响水沟流域植被被林火大面积烧毁,同年雨季,响水沟流域内多条沟道暴发泥石流,其中1#、2#、3#沟毗邻居民房屋和耕地,影响较为严重。通过野外调查、遥感解译和室外试验,以响水沟1#、2#、3#沟为研... 详细信息

2020年3月30日,西昌市经久乡发生森林大火,响水沟流域植被被林火大面积烧毁,同年雨季,响水沟流域内多条沟道暴发泥石流,其中1#、2#、3#沟毗邻居民房屋和耕地,影响较为严重。通过野外调查、遥感解译和室外试验,以响水沟1#、2#、3#沟为研究对象,分析了不同林火烈度下,渗透特征、坡面侵蚀和沟道侵蚀的差异,从而揭示响水沟火后泥石流的成灾机理。结果表明,林火是泥石流暴发的重要诱因,火后泥石流的降雨阈值会明显降低。林火干扰导致坡面土壤的渗透系数表现出不同程度的降低,林火烈度越严重的区域,渗透系数越小,降雨更大比例地转化为坡面径流参与到坡面侵蚀。随降雨次数的增多,轻度、中度、重度火烧区域的坡面土壤侵蚀深度均增加;中度、重度林火烈度的侵蚀深度差异不大,且明显高于轻度区域,说明当林火烈度达到中度时,坡面土壤便会受到较大程度的侵蚀。地形条件相似的沟道,林火烈度越严重,泥石流侵蚀能力越强,最终体现于沟道两岸崩滑体数量越多,沟道宽度和深度越大。

关键词：火后泥石流遥感解译林火烈度渗透特征坡面侵蚀沟道侵蚀