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The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期36卷 24-37页

作者： WANG Yu Tong hu kui ru ZHAO Jian AI Fei Ling SHI Yu Lin WANG Xue Wei YANG Wen Yi WANG Jing Xin AILiMei WAN Xia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Objective To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke(SHS) and 23 diseases,categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese *** We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors(Chinese population), Exposure(SHS),Outcomes(Disease or Death), and Study design(Case-control or Cohort).Results In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio(OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79(1.56–2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92(1.42–2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57(1.40–1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52(1.12–2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37(1.08–1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92(1.29–2.85), with a value of 2.29(1.26–4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76(1.13–2.74), with a value of 1.82(1.07–3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household;For lung cancer, the OR was significant in *** The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

关键词： Second-hand smoke Chinese population Cancer Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of the circulatory system Systematic review Meta-analysis

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Lung Cancer Risk Attributable to Active Smoking in China:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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生物医学与环境科学:英文版 2023年第9期36卷 850-861页

作者： ZHAO Jian SHI Yu Lin WANG Yu Tong AI Fei Ling WANG Xue Wei YANG Wen Yi WANG Jing Xin AI Li Mei hu kui ru WAN Xia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Objective No consensus exists on the relative risk(RR)of lung cancer(LC)attributable to active smoking in *** study aimed to evaluate the unified RR of LC attributable to active smoking among the Chinese *** A systematic literature search of seven databases was conducted to identify studies reporting active smoking among smokers versus nonsmokers in *** articles on LC providing risk estimates with their 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for“ever”“former”or“current”smokers from China were ***-analysis was used to estimate the pooled RR of active *** Forty-four unique studies were *** with that of nonsmokers,the pooled RR(95%CI)for“ever”“former”and“current”smokers were 3.26(2.79–3.82),2.95(1.71–5.08),and 5.16(2.58–10.34)among men,3.18(2.78–3.63),2.70(2.08–3.51),and 4.27(3.61–5.06)among women,and2.71(2.12–3.46),2.66(2.45–2.88),and 4.21(3.25–5.45)in both sexes combined,*** The RR of LC has remained relatively stable(range,2–6)over the past four decades in *** quitting of smoking could reduce the RR to some extent;however,completely refraining from smoking is the best way to avoid its adverse effects.

关键词： Active smoking Chinese population Lung cancer Systematic review Meta-analysis

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Evaluating the Quality of Case-control Studies involving the Association between Tobacco Exposure and Diseases in a Chinese Population based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Post-hoc Power

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期35卷 861-866页

作者： SHI Yu Lin ZHAO Jian AI Fei Ling WANG Yu Tong hu kui ru WANG Xue Wei YANG Wen Yi WANG Jing Xin AI Li Mei WAN Xia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study,smoking is among the four leading risk factors contributing to deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)in *** the past 20 years,there has been a substantial... 详细信息

关键词： China. Population life

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从国际法看“人道主义干预”

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西南师范大学学报（人文社会科学版） 2005年第5期31卷 92-95页

作者：胡茹葵西南政法大学政治与公共事务学院重庆市400031

“人道主义干预”是美国等西方国家在冷战结束后大力提倡并广泛实施的政策,其实质在于妄图使以军事手段干涉别国内政的做法合法化,是霸权主义的恶性膨胀;它以“人权高于主权”、“人道主义干涉”的思维指导其行动,鼓吹保护人权和防止人... 详细信息

“人道主义干预”是美国等西方国家在冷战结束后大力提倡并广泛实施的政策,其实质在于妄图使以军事手段干涉别国内政的做法合法化,是霸权主义的恶性膨胀;它以“人权高于主权”、“人道主义干涉”的思维指导其行动,鼓吹保护人权和防止人道主义灾难比维护国家主权重要,粗暴干涉别国内政,是对国际法的基础———国家主权原则的公然违背,因而冲击着当今国际法体系,不利于建立和平稳定的国际新秩序。

关键词：人道主义干预霸权主义国际法国际新秩序

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Modulating charge separation and transfer for high-performance photoelectrodes via built-in electric field

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 1126-1146页

作者： Houyan Cheng Peng Liu Yuntao Cui ru Ya Yuxiang hu Jinshu Wang Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials of Education Ministry of China Faculty of Engineering and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology and Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology Hohhot 010020China

Constructing a built-in electric field has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing charge separation and transfer,thereby improving photoelectrochemical ***,considerable efforts have been devoted to this *** review systematically summarizes the impact of built-in electric fields on enhancing charge separation and transfer mechanisms,focusing on the modulation of built-in electric fields in terms of depth and ***,mechanisms and tuning strategies for built-in electric fields are ***,the state-of-the-art works regarding built-in electric fields for modulating charge separation and transfer are summarized and categorized according to surface and interface ***,current strategies for constructing bulk built-in electric fields in photoelectrodes are explored,and insights into future developments for enhancing charge separation and transfer in high-performance photoelectrochemical applications are provided.

关键词： photoelectrochemical water splitting bulk built-in electric field cation intercalation charge separation and transfer

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伤残权重方法学研究进展

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中国公共卫生 2022年第7期38卷 952-955页

作者：胡葵茹万霞中国医学科学院基础医学研究所暨北京协和医学院基础学院北京100005

伤残权重(DW)表示某特定伤残状态健康损失的严重程度,是估算伤残调整生命年(DALY)的一个重要指标。目前DW估算主要分为基于全球疾病负担的伤残权重(GBD DW)和基于健康相关生命质量的健康状态权重(HRQOL HSW)2种。为促进DW的进一步发展,... 详细信息

伤残权重(DW)表示某特定伤残状态健康损失的严重程度,是估算伤残调整生命年(DALY)的一个重要指标。目前DW估算主要分为基于全球疾病负担的伤残权重(GBD DW)和基于健康相关生命质量的健康状态权重(HRQOL HSW)2种。为促进DW的进一步发展,本文对DW这2种方法学研究的评估人群、健康状态定义和评估方法进行了综述比较,从而分析不同方法的优缺点,为DW研究方法的改进提供综合参考依据。

关键词：伤残权重(DW) 方法学研究进展

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A gas sensing neural circuit for an olfactory neuron

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 26-40页

作者： Xi-kui hu Song Zhu Juan Yang Zhao Yao Ping Zhou Jun Ma School of Science Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Physics and Electronics Central South University Department of Physics Lanzhou University of Technology

A gas sensor can convert external gas concentration or species into electric voltage or current signals by physical adsorption or chemical changes. As a result, a gas sensor in a nonlinear circuit can be used as a sensitive sensor for detecting external gas signals from the olfactory system. In this paper, a gas sensor and a field-effect transistor are incorporated into a simple Fithzhugh–Nagumo neural circuit for capturing and encoding external gas signals. An improved functional neural circuit is obtained, and the effect of gas concentration, gas species and neuronal activity can be discerned as the gate voltage, threshold voltage and activation coefficient of the field-effect transistor, respectively. The gas concentration can affect the neural activities from quiescent to normal working and, finally, to saturation state in bursting, spiking, periodic and chaotic firings with different frequencies. The effects of gas species and neuronal activity on the firing state can also be achieved in this functional neural circuit. In addition, variations in the gate voltage, threshold voltage and activation coefficient can cause switching between different firing modes. These results can be helpful in designing artificial olfactory devices for bionic gas recognition and other coupled systems arising in applied sciences.

关键词： bifurcation field-effect transistor gas sensor olfactory neural circuit

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Finite Element Simulations of the Localized Failure and Fracture Propagation in Cohesive Materials with Friction

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 997-1015页

作者： Chengbao hu Shilin Gong Bin Chen Zhongling Zong Xingwang Bao Xiaojian ru Department of Civil Engineering Hangzhou City UniversityHangzhou310015China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Urban Infrastructure Hangzhou310015China Key Laboratory of Safe Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Urban Shield Tunnels of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou310015China School of Civil and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungang222005China Institute of Municipal Engineering Hangzhou Shangcheng District Municipal Engineering Group Co.Ltd.Hangzhou310016China

Strain localization frequently occurs in cohesive materials with friction(e.g.,composites,soils,rocks)and is widely recognized as a fundamental cause of progressive structural ***,achieving high-fidelity simulation for this issue,particularly concerning strong discontinuities and tension-compression-shear behaviors within localized zones,remains significantly *** response,this study introduces an integrated algorithmwithin the finite element framework,merging a coupled cohesive zone model(CZM)with the nonlinear augmented finite elementmethod(N-AFEM).The coupledCZMcomprehensively describes tension-compression and compressionshear failure behaviors in cohesive,frictional materials,while the N-AFEM allows nonlinear coupled intraelement discontinuities without necessitating extra nodes or nodal *** CZM validation using existing experimental data,this integrated algorithm was utilized to analyze soil slope failure mechanisms involving a specific tensile strength and to assess the impact of mechanical parameters(e.g.,tensile strength,weighting factor,modulus)in soils.

关键词： FEM analysis strong discontinuity nonlinear soil rupture cohesive zone model tension-compression-shear coupling

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Deep learning methods for roping defect analysis in aluminum alloy sheets: prediction and grading

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第3期12卷 576-590页

作者： Yuan-Zhe hu ru-Xue Liu Jia-Peng He Guo-Wei Zhou Da-Yong Li State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240People’s Republic of China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240People’s Republic of China

Roping is a severe band-like surface defect that occurs in deformed aluminum alloy *** roping prediction and rating are essential for industrial ***,the authors introduced an artificial neural network(ANN)model to efficiently forecast roping behavior across the thickness of large regions with texture *** this study,the previously proposed ANN model for roping prediction is briefly reviewed,and a few-shot learning(FSL)-based method is developed for roping grading with limited *** consider the directionality of the roping patterns,the roping dataset constructed from experimental observations is transformed into the frequency domain for more compact characterization.A transfer-based FSL method is further presented for grade roping with manifold mixup regularization and the Sinkhorn mapping algorithm.A new component-focused representation is also implemented for data-processing,exploiting the close correlation between roping and power distribution in the frequency *** ultimate FSL method achieved an optimal accuracy of 95.65%in roping classification with only five training samples per class,outperforming four typical FSL *** FSL approach can be applied to grade the roping morphologies predicted by the ANN ***,the combination of prediction and grading using deep learning provides a new paradigm for roping analysis and control.

关键词： Roping Artificial neural network(ANN) Aluminum alloys Few-shot classification Surface morphology

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Leaching kinetics and permeability of polyethyleneimine added ammonium sulfate on weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1610-1619,I0008页

作者： huifang Yang Aoyang Sha Zhengyan He Chenjie Wu Yuanlai Xu Jingjing hu Zhigao Xu ru'an Chi Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education School of Resources&Safety EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430073China Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission College of Resources and Environmental ScienceSouth-Central MinzuUniversityWuhan430074China

At present,in-situ leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores(WCE-DREOs) encounter with problems such as long leaching cycles,slow infiltration rate and low product *** order to solve the above problems,the conventional leaching agent ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)) was compounded with polymeric surfactant polyethyleneimine(PEI) to form a composite leaching *** effects of leaching temperature,PEI *** rate and pH on leaching kinetics and permeability of rare earths(RE) and aluminum(AI) in orebody were *** is found that with temperature increasing,the time required to reach leaching equilibrium for both RE and Al is shortened,the apparent activation energies of RE and AI are 14.79 and 13.45 kJ/mol,respectively,and the leaching processes are in accordance with the outer diffusion control,When the concentrations of(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) and PEI in the composite leaching agent are 2.0 wt% and 0.4 wt%;the time required to reach leaching equilibrium for RE and AI is about 50% shorter than that using(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) alone,and the leaching efficiencies of RE are slightly higher than that of *** increasing the temperature and flow rate of the composite leaching agent can improve the leaching efficiencies of RE and Al,but pH has neglected effects on the leaching efficiencies of *** PEI concentrations below 0,4 wt%, the addition of PEI promotes the leaching of RE and *** column leaching studies of the WCE-DREO,the addition of 0.4 wt% PEI to the traditional leaching agent(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) has no impact on the leaching efficiencies of ***,it can significantly increase the infiltration rate of WCE-DREO,shortening the leaching time per 10 mL effluent from about 30 min for(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) leaching system to 20 min for the composite leaching *** leaching time is shortened by one-third,and the leaching cost is reduced,which can provide theoretical guidance for the development and commercial implementa

关键词： Polyethyleneimine Kinetics Rare earths Permeability Activation energy

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