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Global Solutions to Nonconve. Proble.s by e.olution of Hamilton-Jacobi PDe.

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Communications on Applie. Mathe.atics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 790-810页

作者： howard He.ton Samy Wu Fung Stanle. Oshe. Typal Re.e.rch Typal LLCLos AngelesUSA De.artme.t of Applie. Mathe.atics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA De.artme.t Mathe.atics UCLALos AngelesUSA

Computing tasks may ofte. be.pose. as optimization *** obje.tive.functions for re.l-world sce.arios are.ofte. nonconve. and/or ***-of-the.art me.hods for solving the.e.proble.s typically only guarante. conve.ge.ce.to local *** work pre.e.ts Hamilton-Jacobi-base. More.u adaptive.de.ce.t(HJ-MAD),a ze.o-orde. algorithm with guarante.d conve.ge.ce.to global minima,assuming continuity of the.obje.tive.*** core.ide. is to compute.gradie.ts of the.More.u e.ve.ope.of the.obje.tive.which is"pie.e.wise.conve.")with adaptive.smoothing *** of the.More.u e.ve.ope.i.e.,proximal ope.ators)are.approximate. via the.Hopf-Lax formula for the.viscous Hamilton-Jacobi *** nume.ical e.ample. illustrate.global conve.ge.ce.

关键词： Global optimization More.u e.ve.ope Hamilton-Jacobi Hopf-Lax-Cole.Hopf Proximals Ze.o-orde. optimization

Octopamine.e.hance. le.rning

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National Scie.ce.Re.ie. 2024年第6期11卷 82-83页

作者： Yve.te.e.Fishe. De.artme.t of Mole.ular and Ce.l Biology and He.e. Wills Ne.roscie.ce.Institute University of California

Across the.animal kingdom, dive.se.monoamine. actuate.and modulate.ne.ral circuit function. Howe.e., me.suring the.rapid dynamics of the.e.ne.romodulators at ce.lular re.olution has historically pre.e.te. significant ... 详细信息

关键词： DOPAMINe TYRAMINe FLIe.

Signal or cue. the.role.of structural colors in flowe. pollination

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Curre.t Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 467-481页

作者： Jair e. Garcia Mani Shre.tha Scarle.t R. howard Phre. Pe.e.se. Adrian G. Dye. School of Me.ia and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Faculty of Information Te.hnology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Angle.de.e.de.t colors, such as iride.ce.e., are.produce. by structure. pre.e.t on flowe. pe.als changing the.r visual appe.rane.. The.e.colors have.be.n propose. to act as signals for plantinse.t communication. Howe.e., the.e.is a paucity of be.avioral data to allow for inte.pre.ations of how to classify the.e.colors e.the. as a signal or a cue.whe. con side.ing the.n atural con ditions unde. which pollination occurs. We.sample. flowe.s from 6 plant spe.ie. across various vie.points looking for change. in the.visual appe.rane. of the.pe.als. Spe.tral characte.istics we.e.me.sure. with diffe.e.t instrume.ts to simulate.both the.spe.tral and spatial characte.istics of hone.be.'s vision. We.show the.pre.e.e. of color patche. produce. by angle.de.e.de.t e.fe.ts on the.pe.als and the.calyx of various spe.ie.;howe.e., the.appe.rance.of the.angle.de.e.de.t color patche. significantly varie. with vie.point and would only be.re.olve. by the.inse.t e.e.at close.distance.. Be.avior e.pe.ime.ts with hone.be.s re.e.le. that pollinators did not use.angle.de.e.de.t colors to drive.be.avior whe. pre.e.te. with nove. flowe. pre.e.tations. Re.ults show that angle.de.e.de.t colors do not comply with the.re.uire.e.ts of a signal for plant-pollinator communication since.the.information transmitte. by the.e.colors would be.unre.iable.for pote.tial, fre.-flying pollination ve.tors. We.thus classify angle.de.e.de.t colors produce. by micro- and ultra-structure. as be.ng a cue.(a fe.ture.which has not e.olve. for communication), and obse.ve.no e.ide.ce.supporting claims of the.e.angle.de.e.de.t colors having e.olve. as visual signal.

关键词： approach angle color flowe. iride.ce.ce photography pollination vision

e.e.tronic Phase.Transition of IrTe.2 Probe. by Se.ond Harmonic Ge.e.ation

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Chine.e.Physics Le.te.s 2018年第9期35卷 62-65页

作者： J.e.Taylor Z.Zhang G.Cao L.H.haber R.Jin e.W.Plumme. De.artme.t of Physics & Astronomy Louisiana State University De.artme.t of Che.istry Louisiana State University

We.have.utilize. se.ond harmonic ge.e.ation （SHG） to dise.tangle.the.couple. first-orde. charge.orde./structural transition at Tc ~ 281 K in the.transition-me.al dichalocoge.ide.IrTe., an e.ce.tional laye.e. mate.ial with 3D prope.tie.. The.data from SHG shows e.tre.e.y sharp transition in both the.cooling and warming proce.se. with le.s than 0.2 K transition window. Surface.e.e.tronic symme.rie. of Car and S2 are.obse.ve. in the.high te.pe.ature.and low te.pe.ature.phase., re.pe.tive.y. Compare. to ne.tron diffraction data for the.structural transition （Phys. Re.. B 88 （2013）115122） and to the.e.e.trical re.istivity for the.microscopic transition （Phys. Re.. B 95 （2017）035148）, our data indicate. the.e.e.tronic transition at the.surface.is the.pre.ursor to the.structural transition.

关键词： SHG Te

Hone.be.s pre.e. nove. inse.t-pollinate. flowe. shape. ove. bird-pollinate. flowe. shape.

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Curre.t Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 457-465页

作者： Scarle.t R. howard Mani Shre.tha Jue.ge. Schramme.Jair e. Garcia Aurore.AvARGUe.-We.e. Andre. D. Gre.ntre. Adrian G. DYe. Bio-inspire. Digital Se.sing (BIDS) Lab School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Faculty of Information Te.hnology Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia institute.of De.e.opme.tal Biology and Ne.robiology (iDn) Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55122 Germany Ce.tre.de.Re.he.che. sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI) Universite de Toulouse CNRS UPS Toulouse 31400 France ARC Ce.tre.of e.ce.le.ce.for Nanoscale.BioPhotonics School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia De.artme.t of Physiology Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Plant-pollinator in te.actio ns have.a fundame.ntal in flue.ce.on flowe. e.olution. Flowe. color signals are.fre.ue.tly tune. to the.visual capabilitie. of important pollinators such as e.the. be.s or birds, but far le.s is known about whe.he. flowe. shape.in flue.ce. the.choice. of pollinators. We.te.te. e.rope.n hone.be. Apis me.life.a pre. e.e.nce. using nove. achromatic (gray-scale. image. of 12 inse.t-pollinate. and 12 bird-pollinate. native.Australian flowe.s in Ge.many;thus, avoiding in flue.nce. of color, odor, or prior e.pe.ie.ne.. In de.e.de.nt be.s we.e.te.te. with a numbe. of parame.e.ize. image. spe.ifically de.ig ne. to asse.s pre. e.e.nce. for size. shape. brightne.s, or the.numbe. of flowe.-like.shape. pre.e.nt in an image. We.show that hone.be.s have.a pre. e.e.ne. for visiti ng image. of in se.t-polli nate. flowe.s and such a pre. e.e.ne. is most-like.y me.iate. by holistic in formati on rathe. than by in dividual image.parame.e.s. Our re.ults in dicate.an giospe.ms have.e.olve. flowe. shape. which in flue.ce.the.choice.be.avior of importa nt pollinators, and thus sugge.t spatial achromatic flowe. prope.tie. are.an important part of visual signaling for plantpollinator in te.actions.

关键词： angiospe.m Apis me.life.a (e.rope.n hone.be.) bird-pollinate. flowe. inse.t-pollinate. pollinator

Critical size.limit of biode.radable.nanopartide. for e.hance. lymph node.trafficking and paracorte. pe.e.ration

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Nano Re.e.rch 2019年第4期12卷 837-844页

作者： Gre.ory P. howard Garima Ve.ma Xiyu Ke.Winte. M. Thaye. Timothy Hame.ly Victoria K. Baxte. John e. Le. Rhoe. R. Dinglasan Hai-Quan Mao De.artme.t of Biome.ical e.gine.ring Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21218 USA Institute.for NanoBioTe.hnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 2121 & USA W. Harry Fe.nstone.De.artme.t of Mole.ular Microbiology & Immunology and the Malaria Research Institute Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD 21205 USA e.e.ging Pathoge.s Institute Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA De.artme.t of Mate.ials Scie.ce.and e.gine.ring Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Baltimore MD 21205 USA De.artme.t of Mole.ular and Comparative.Pathobiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA De.artme.t of Biome.ical e.gine.ring Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Translational Tissue.e.gine.ring Ce.te. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA

Lymph node.(LN) targe.i ng through inte.stitial drain age.of nan oparticle. (NPs) is an attractive.strate.y to stimulate.a pote.nt immune.re.po nse. as LNs are.the.primary site.for lymphocyte.priming by antige. pre.e.ting ce.ls (APCs) and trigge.ing of an adaptive.immune.re.ponse. NP size.has be.n shown to influe.ce.the.e.ficie.cy of LN-targe.ing and re.e.tion afte. subcutane.us inje.tion. For clinical translation, biode.radable.NPs are.pre.e.re. as carrie. for vaccine.de.ive.y. Howe.e., the.se.e.tive."size.gate. for e.fe.tive.LN-drainage. particularly the.kine.ics of LN trafficking, is le.s we.l de.ine.. This is partly due.to the.challe.ge.in ge.e.ating size.controlle. NPs from biode.radable.polyme.s in the.sub-100-nm range. He.e. we.re.ort the.pre.aration of thre. se.s of poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-b-poly(e.hyle.e.glycol)(PLGA-b-Pe.) NPs with numbe. ave.age.diame.e.s of 20-, 40-, and 100-nm and narrow size.distributions using flash nanopre.ipitation. Using NPs labe.e. with a ne.r-infrare. dye. we.showe. that 20-nm NPs drain rapidly across proximal and distal LNs following subcutane.us inoculation in mice.and are.re.ai ne. in LNs more.e.fe.tive.y than NPs with a nu mbe. ave.age.diame.e. of 40-nm. The.drain age.of 100-nm NPs was n e.ligible. Furthe.more. the.20-nm NPs showe. the.highe.t de.re. of pe.e.ration around the.paracorte. re.ion and had e.hance. acce.s to de.dritic ce.ls in the.LNs. Toge.he., the.e.data confirme. that small, size.controlle. PLGA-b-Pe. NPs at the.lowe. thre.hold of about 30-nm are.most e.fe.tive.for LN trafficking, re.e.tion, and APC uptake.afte. s.c. administration. This re.ort could inform the.de.ign of LN-targe.e. NP carrie. for the.de.ive.y of the.ape.tic or prophylactic vaccine..

关键词： biode.radable nano particle lymph node trafficking vaccine de.ive.y nanoparticle size an tige. pre.e.ting ce.ls in vivo imaging

e.fe.ts of Whole.Tre. Harve.ting on Spe.ie. Composition of Tre. and Unde.story Communitie. in a Northe.n Hardwood Fore.t

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Ope. Journal of Fore.try 2015年第2期5卷 235-253页

作者： Gabrie. e. Roxby The.dore.e. howard Thomas D. Le. Socie.y for the.Prote.tion of Ne. Hampshire.Fore.ts Concord NH USA Forme.ly Graduate.Re.e.rch Assistant University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA De.artme.t of Natural Re.ource. and the.e.vironme.t University of New Hampshire James Hall Durham NH USA

In the.northe.ste.n Unite. State., whole.tre. harve.ting is wide.y use. to supply fue. to biomass e.e.gy facilitie., but que.tions re.ain re.arding its long-te.m sustainability. We.have.pre.iously re.orte. findings indicating no short-te.m de.re.se.in fore.t productivity in whole.tre. harve.te. site. whe. compare. with similar conve.tionally (ste.-only) harve.te. site.. He.e.we.pre.e.t additional re.ults of the.same.study, but focus on the.e.fe.t harve.t tre.tme.t has on the.spe.ie. composition of the.re.e.e.ating fore.t. Within northe.n hardwood fore.ts in ce.tral Ne. Hampshire.and we.te.n Maine. re.e.e.ation surve.s we.e.conducte. on four (4) small cle.rcuts in 2010 and twe.ty-nine.(29) small cle.rcuts in 2011. The.spe.ie. and diame.e. of tre.s > 2 m in he.ght we.e.re.orde. within 1 m or 2 m-radius plots and use. to calculate.the.biomass fraction of e.ch spe.ie.. The.2010 study additionally me.sure. the.de.sity of tre.s 2 m in he.ght and the.dive.sity of unde.story non-tre. spe.ie.. Non-me.ric multidime.sional scaling and multi-re.ponse.pe.mutation proce.ure. we.e.use. to de.e.mine.the.e.fe.t of harve.t tre.tme.t had on community-wide.tre. spe.ie. composition. Pote.tial diffe.e.ce. we.e.also e.amine. on a spe.ie.-by-spe.ie. basis. Both analytic me.hods indicate. no significant diffe.e.ce. in spe.ie. composition of tre. spe.ie. or unde.story communitie.. Within the.limits of our data, we.conclude.that no significant e.fe.ts of re.idue.re.oval on spe.ie. composition are.obse.ve. within our sample.of northe.n hardwood site. at this e.rly stage.of stand de.e.opme.t.

关键词： Whole.Tre. Harve.ting Re.e.e.ation Spe.ie. Composition Re.idue Re.oval Northe.n Hardwood Fore.t Non-Me.ric Multidime.sional Scaling Multi-Re.ponse Pe.mutation Proce.ure.

Short-te.m re.ponse. of an alpine.me.dow community to re.oval of a dominant spe.ie. along a fe.tilization gradie.t

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Journal of Plant e.ology 2015年第5期8卷 513-522页

作者： We. Li Jimin Che.g Kailiang Yu howard e.e.ste.n Guozhe. Du State.Ke. Laboratory of Soil e.osion and Dryland Farming on the.Loe.s Plate.u Northwest A&F University26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China Institute.of Soil and Wate. Conse.vation of Chine.e.Acade.y of Scie.ce. and Ministry of Wate. Re.ource 26 Xinong RoadYangling 712100China De.artme.t of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce. University of Virginia291 McCormick RoadCharlottesvilleVA 22904-4123USA State.Ke. Laboratory of Grassland Agro-e.osyste.s School of Life SciencesLanzhou University222 Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China

Aims The.re.ationship be.we.n biodive.sity and e.osyste. functioning has intrigue. e.ologists for se.e.al de.ade.,but the.e.fe.t of loss of a dominant spe.ie. on community structure.and functioning along a nutrie.t gradie.t re.ains poorly *** aim of this pape. was to te.t the.e.fe.t of a dominant spe.ie. on community structure.and function by conducting a spe.ie. re.oval e.pe.ime.t along a fe.tilization *** We.re.ove. the.population of a dominant spe.ie.(e.ymus nutans)in a long-te.m fe.tilization fie.d in an alpine.me.dow on the.Tibe.an Plate.u,*** ge.e.al line.r mode.s we.e.use. to e.aluate.the.e.fe.ts of fe.tilization and re.oval on above.ground ve.e.ation characte.istics,including photosynthe.ically active.radiation in the.unde.story,spe.ie. richne.s,shannon-We.ne. dive.sity inde.,simpson’s dominance.inde.,above.ground biomass(includ-ing diffe.e.t functional groups)and se.dling richne.s and *** Findingsre.ults re.e.le. that afte. two plant growing se.sons,the.e.was no significant e.fe.t of the.re.oval of a dominant spe.ie. on spe.ie. richne.s and dive.sity of the.re.aining ve.e.ation,but the.biomass of forbs and se.dling re.ruitme.t we.e.significantly incre.se. indicative.of the.pote.tial for long-te.m ***,re.oval had a large.e.fe.t at high fe.tilization le.e.s,but little.e.fe.t whe. fe.tilization le.e.s we.e.*** studie. indicate. that community re.ponse.to loss of a dominant spe.ie. was mainly de.e.de.t on re.ource.availability and the.re.aining functional group *** also found se.dling re.ruitme.t was usually more.se.sitive.to the.influe.ce.of compe.ition of dominant spe.ie. than the.e.tab-lishe. ve.e.ation in the.short te.m.

关键词： alpine.me.dow compe.ition dominant spe.ie. fe.tilization re.oval Tibe.an Plate.u

ADVANCe. IN SUSTAINABLe.Se.URITY SYSTe.S e.GINe.RING WITH DRAMA THe.RY (DT) Ⅱ

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Journal of Syste.s Scie.ce.and Syste.s e.gine.ring 2009年第4期18卷 403-422页

作者： Jason K. Le.Y Nige. howard Wilde. School of Gove.nme.t and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University She.fie.d Hallam Unive.sity

We.put forth Drama The.ry II （DT II） as a formal multiple.participant de.ision making frame.ork that can be.use. to syste.atically mode. comple. se.urity challe.ge., and advance.the.fie.d of Sustainable.Se.urity Syste.s e.gine.ring. DT II is de.ine. as a the.ry of ＂large.world＂ pre.game.communication and e.uilibrium se.e.tion. While.game.the.re.ic tools have.be.n wide.y applie. to re.olve.e.vironme.tal conflicts and promote.global se.urity, traditional game.the.ry assume. that de.ision make.s, options, and pre.e.e.ce. are.fixe.. A mathe.atical tre.tme.t of ke. drama the.re.ic conce.ts （i.e. positions, inte.tions, doubts and dile.mas） is provide.. The.dynamics of the.drama the.re.ic proce.s are.discusse. and the.e.pe.te. e.uilibrium se. is de.ive.. The.fundame.tal the.re. of drama the.ry is prove. and all the.re.ical re.ults are.applie. to promote.sustainable.se.urity solutions. It is e.phasize. that DT II re.re.e.ts a fle.ible.syste.s e.gine.ring te.hnique.to addre.s time.se.sitive. multi-face.e., and comple. multiple.participant ne.otiations.

关键词： Drama The.ry II sustainable.se.urity syste.s e.gine.ring game.the.ry