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1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-basedmetabonomic study in patients with cirrhosis and hepaticencephalopathy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第12期7卷 1701-1707页

作者： Konstantinos John Dabos John Andrew Parkinson Ian howard Sadler John Nicholas Plevris Peter Clive Hayes Centre of Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Department of Chemistry University of Strathclyde Department of Chemistry University of Edinburgh

AIM: To identify plasma metabolites used as biomarkers in order to distinguish cirrhotics from controls and ***: A clinical study involving stable cirrhotic patients with and without overt hepatic encephalopathy was designed. A control group of healthy volunteers was used. Plasma from those patients was analysed using 1H- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used the Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill sequence to process the sample spectra at ambient probe temperature. We used a gated secondary irradiation field for water signal suppression. Samples were calibrated and referenced using the sodium trimethyl silyl propionate peak at 0.00 ppm. For each sample 128 transients(FID's) were acquired into 32 K complex data points over a spectral width of 6 KHz. 30 degree pulses were applied with an acquisition time of 4.0 s in order to achieve better resolution, followed by a recovery delay of 12 s, to allow for complete relaxation and recovery of the magnetisation. A metabolic profile was created for stable cirrhotic patients without signs of overt hepatic encephalopathy and encephalopathic patients as well as healthy controls. Stepwise discriminant analysis was then used and discriminant factors were created to differentiate between the three ***: Eighteen stabled cirrhotic patients, eighteen patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy and seventeen healthy volunteers were recruited. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly impaired ketone body metabolism, urea synthesis and gluconeogenesis. This was demonstrated by higher concentrations of acetoacetate(0.23 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.00, P b-hydroxybutarate(0.58 ± 0.14 vs 0.08 ± 0.00, P < 0.01), lower concentrations of glutamine(0.44 ± 0.08 vs 0.63 ± 0.03, P < 0.05), histidine(0.16 ± 0.01 vs 0.36 ± 0.04, P < 0.01) and arginine(0.08 ± 0.01 vs 0.14 ± 0.02, P < 0.03) and higher concentrations of glutamate(1.36 ± 0.25 vs 0.58 ± 0.04, P < 0.01), lactate(1.53 ± 0.11 vs 0.42 ± 0.05, P < 0.01),

关键词： Ketone bodies branch chain amino acids Glutamine Glycolysis

SEASONAL CIRCULATION IN THE NORTHWESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN DIAGNOSED WITH THE ASSIMILATION DATA FROM 1989 THROUGH 1997

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2001年第3期13卷 65-73页

作者： Wang, Fan Chang, Ping Hu, Dun-Xin howard, Seidel Inst. of Oceanology Chinese Acad. of Sci. Qingdao 266071 China

An assimilation data set based on the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Modular Ocean Model version 3 (MOM3) and the NODC XbT data set is used to examine the circulation and its variabilities in the western tropical Pacific, with special emphasis on the seasonal variations. It is shown that the assimilated and observed mean velocities and transports of the major flows in the western tropical Pacific agree well. The flows in the north Pacific, including the North Equatorial Current (NEC), Kuroshio, Mindanao Current (MC) and north Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) west of 140°E display the seasonal cycles almost in the same phase, with the biggest transport in spring and the smallest in autumn. The phase of the NECC seasonal cycle east of 140°E is opposite to that in the west. besides of the annual cycle, there seems to be a semi-annual fluctuation of the NECC transport possibly resulting from the phase lag between seasonal cycles of the NEC and NGCC. Strong in summer during the southeast monsoon, the seasonal cycle of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is closely linked with those of both the MC and the New Guinea Coastal Current/Undercurrent (NGCC/NGCUC), but not as strong as that in observations probably caused by the superimposed seasonal and interannual variations. Variations on the interannual time scale are also discussed, but only indistinct interannual variations of the flows related to the ENSO are revealed during 1989-1997. Transport of the NEC, Kuroshio and NECC are slightly larger in the E1 Nino years when that of the ITF is weaker, while the MC has little ENSO-related variation. There were also quasi-biennial signals superimposing the ENSO-like oscillations in the flows, but their relationships with the ENSO are still unclear.

关键词： Climatology Data handling Flow of water

Closing the Experiment-Modeling-Perturbation Loop in Whole-brain Neuroscience

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Neuroscience bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1212-1214页

作者： Misha b.Ahrens Janelia Research Campus Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnVAUSA

Understanding the mechanisms by which the central nervous system processes information,forms memories,makes decisions,and executes actions is a challenging *** is an interdisciplinary field in which cell biology,anatomy,network theory,and other scientific disciplines come together to jointly push our knowledge of brain function forward.

关键词： execute knowledge jointly

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检测气候趋势的采样理论

气象科技 1988年第6期 32-34页

作者： howard b.Edwards 张励坚

1.引言作者在早期发表的论文中 (Edwards,1982)讨论了在测定精确的日平均和年平均温度时需要足够的采样率的必要性。该论文指出,采样率偏小可以引起温度测量的系统误差或者说是混淆误差,同时在资料数目减少情况下求取每一阶段的平均数... 详细信息

1.引言作者在早期发表的论文中 (Edwards,1982)讨论了在测定精确的日平均和年平均温度时需要足够的采样率的必要性。该论文指出,采样率偏小可以引起温度测量的系统误差或者说是混淆误差,同时在资料数目减少情况下求取每一阶段的平均数时这种误差也会出现。最近作者注意到,这种违背气候

关键词：滑动平均滤波器数字滤波器电子元件样本数混淆误差采样率平均数字滤波气候趋势转换函数

Critical size limit of biodegradable nanopartides for enhanced lymph node trafficking and paracortex penetration

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Nano Research 2019年第4期12卷 837-844页

作者： Gregory P. howard Garima Verma Xiyu Ke Winter M. Thayer Timothy Hamerly Victoria K. baxter John E. Lee Rhoel R. Dinglasan Hai-Quan Mao Department of biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21218 USA Institute for NanobioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 2121 & USA W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and the Malaria Research Institute Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD 21205 USA Emerging Pathogens Institute Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Baltimore MD 21205 USA Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA Department of biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA

Lymph node (LN) targeti ng through interstitial drain age of nan oparticles (NPs) is an attractive strategy to stimulate a pote nt immune respo nse, as LNs are the primary site for lymphocyte priming by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and triggering of an adaptive immune response. NP size has been shown to influence the efficiency of LN-targeting and retention after subcutaneous injection. For clinical translation, biodegradable NPs are preferred as carrier for vaccine delivery. However, the selective "size gateM for effective LN-drainage, particularly the kinetics of LN trafficking, is less well defined. This is partly due to the challenge in generating size-controlled NPs from biodegradable polymers in the sub-100-nm range. Here, we report the preparation of three sets of poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-b-poly(ethylene-glycol)(PLGA-b-PEG) NPs with number average diameters of 20-, 40-, and 100-nm and narrow size distributions using flash nanoprecipitation. Using NPs labeled with a near-infrared dye, we showed that 20-nm NPs drain rapidly across proximal and distal LNs following subcutaneous inoculation in mice and are retai ned in LNs more effectively than NPs with a nu mber average diameter of 40-nm. The drain age of 100-nm NPs was n egligible. Furthermore, the 20-nm NPs showed the highest degree of penetration around the paracortex region and had enhanced access to dendritic cells in the LNs. Together, these data confirmed that small, size-controlled PLGA-b-PEG NPs at the lower threshold of about 30-nm are most effective for LN trafficking, retention, and APC uptake after s.c. administration. This report could inform the design of LN-targeted NP carrier for the delivery of therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines.

关键词： biodegradable nano particle lymph node trafficking vaccine delivery nanoparticle size an tigen presenting cells in vivo imaging

Q Fever in Pregnancy—Case Presentation and Literature Review

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第8期4卷 364-368页

作者： Kugler Eitan Amital howard Alon Danny Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Hospital Department of Medicine B Petah Tikva Israel Rabin Medical Center Beilinson Hospital Department of Medicine F Petah Tikva Israel Sheba Medical Center Department of Medicine B Tel Hashomer Israel

Q fever is a widespread zoonotic infection caused by Coxiella burnetii. During acute infection, three clinical patterns are commonly encountered—self limited, flu like disease, atypical pneumonia or hepatits. Chronic infection almost always implies endocarditis. Acute infection during pregnancy may result in obstetrical complications, and predispose to chronic transformation. Treatment during pregnancy is more complex, and the duration of treatment was debatable up until recently. We describe a 31 years old patient with acute Q fever infection during pregnancy. We review the medical treatment, complications and follow up of acute and chronic Q fever during pregnancy.

关键词： Q Fever Coxiella burnetii Pregnancy

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石油工程手册

Relevance of genetic markers in evaluating biological control by predatory mites

1992年

作者： H.b.·布拉德利(howard.b. bradley)

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Relevance of genetic markers in evaluating biological contro...

High-throughput phenotyping by applying digital morphometrics and fluorescence induction curves in seeds to identifying variations:A case study of Annona(Annonaceae)species

International Conference:Technology Transfer in biological Control:From Research to Practice

作者： Maria NAVAJAS howard THISTLEWOOD European biological Control Laboratory USDA ARS B.P.416834092 Montpellier cedex 5France Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada VinelandOntarioCanada

Outdoor release of mites as natural enemies of weeds or arthropods is occurring in many countries but can provide equivocal results and requires an understanding of dispersal and population biology that is often lacking. Factors of interest include variation within species for the selection of candidate strains for introduction,and their establishment,dispersal,and

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2018年第4期5卷 443-455页

作者： Montcharles S.Pontes Carlos V.Montefusco-Pereira biswapriya b.Misra howard L.Ribeiro-Junior Daniela E.Graciano Jaqueline S.Santos Michele A.S.Nobrega Shaline S.L.Fernandes Anderson R.L.Caires Etenaldo F.Santiago Plant Resources Study Group Natural Resources Study CenterUniversidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul79804-970-P.O.Box.351DouradosMSBrazil Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Recursos Naturais(PGRN) Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do SulDouradosMSBrazil Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Saarland University and Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland(HIPS)Campus C2.3D-66123 SaarbruckenGermany Center for Precision Medicine Department of Internal MedicineSection on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineMedical Center BoulevardWinston SalemNC 27157USA Center for Research and Drug Development Universidade Federal do Ceara60160250 FortalezaCEBrazil Applied Optics Group Laboratory of BiophotonicsUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados79804-970-P.O.Box.351DouradosMSBrazil Optics and Photonic Group Institute of PhysicsUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulCP 54979070-900 Campo GrandeMSBrazil

Differences in physical and structural characteristics of seeds may indicate variability within and between plant *** the present study,we performed a close characterization of dimension,shape,and tegument delayed chlorophyll fluorescence in seeds obtained from three species of the genus Annona(Annonaceae),i.e.,Annona coriacea,***,*** showed that studied seeds may be sorted as scalene ellipsoids expressing low values for the seed *** morphological estimates suggested differences in seed shape for all species.A high correlation was observed between surface area and volume(r^2>99%)for all the three species suggesting that in addition to structural *** addition,we also observed very high positive correlations(Rho=1.000,pbetween surface area and arithmetic mean diameterof the seeds for all *** first principal component(PCA1)of elliptical Fourier descriptors explained most of the variations in morphological structure of the seeds in the three ***,a less intense tegument delayed chlorophyll fluorescence was observed for *** while the highest intensity was recorded for ***,revealing the potential use of fluorescence spectroscopy in discrimination at the species level by analyzing the frequency domain by means of Fourier Transform spectra as well as the relationship time-frequency of chlorophyll fluorescence.

关键词： Dynamics of fluorescence Fourier descriptors Structural traits Phenomics