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宇宙学:从Robertson到今天

世界科学 1988年第12期 9-10页

作者： Yakov b.Zel’dovich 陈光

把罗伯特近(howard Percy Robertson)对宇宙学的杰出贡献提给这次纪念讲演,对我来说是一个巨大荣誉,这感受,通过阅读罗伯特逊过去的优秀作品目录而进一步增强了。要评价罗伯特逊的工作,就必须了解其背景。爱因斯坦创立了广义相对论,它... 详细信息

把罗伯特近(howard Percy Robertson)对宇宙学的杰出贡献提给这次纪念讲演,对我来说是一个巨大荣誉,这感受,通过阅读罗伯特逊过去的优秀作品目录而进一步增强了。要评价罗伯特逊的工作,就必须了解其背景。爱因斯坦创立了广义相对论,它是现代的引力理论。在这理论中,引力和宇宙学都被几何化了。爱因斯坦本人想象了一个空间上封闭的、时间上独立的宇宙。弗里德曼(Alexander Friemann)找到了——或者说猜到了——爱因斯坦方程的一个非静止的宇宙解。哈勃(Edwin ***)关于遥远星系红移的发现,进一步证实了这样的观念,即宇宙通过其膨胀而进化。

关键词：罗伯特逊弗里德曼作品目录 Robertson 宇宙学

Lineage structure of the human antibody repertoire in response to influenza vaccination

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医用生物力学 2013年第S1期28卷 36-37页

作者： Ning Jiang Jiankui He Joshua A.Weinstein Lolita Penland Sanae Sasaki Xiao-Song He Patrick C.Wilson Harry b.Greenberg Mark M.Davis Daniel S.Fisher Stephen R.Quake Department of biomedical Engineering the University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of bioengineering Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA biophysics Graduate Program Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Immunology and Microbiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo AltoCaliforniaUSA Department of Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Medicine University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

The adaptive immune system produces a large and diverse set of antibodies,each with an individual evolutionary and clonal *** so called"antibody repertoire"protects each individual against insults such as infection and cancer,and responds to vaccination with b cell proliferation in response to the antigenic *** and antigen-specific FACSbased analysis have given us much insight on how the immune system generates the complex and diverse immune response required to protect the body from the wide variety of potential ***,these methods have not been sufficient to make global and unbiased characterizations of the clonal structure of the immune system of a particular individual。

关键词： vaccination clonal antigenic diverse insight stimulation evolutionary immunized protect vaccine

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法斯特的新著“沙可与范捷第受難记”

文史哲 1954年第3期 49-52页

作者： b·伊薩可夫 ,黄嘉德

書名:‘沙可與范捷第受難記’("Tbe Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti") 作者:霍華特·法斯特(howard Fast) 出版年月:一九五三年九月出版者:美國紐約藍蒼鷺書局(The blue Heron Press) 美國進步作家霍華特·法斯特的新小说叙述美國兩個... 详细信息

書名:‘沙可與范捷第受難記’("Tbe Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti") 作者:霍華特·法斯特(howard Fast) 出版年月:一九五三年九月出版者:美國紐約藍蒼鷺書局(The blue Heron Press) 美國進步作家霍華特·法斯特的新小说叙述美國兩個著名勞工烈士的英勇事蹟。這兩個工人是在一九二七年八月二十二日被處死刑的。本書不是有關文件的专門研究,雖然它是根据仔細對證的歷史事實来撰寫的。它是作者所看到和感覺到的事件的紀錄。副题‘一个新英格蘭的傳奇’("A

关键词：一侗工人工资劳动者法斯特圃人

A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Two Dipeptide based Molecular Micelles: Effect of Amino Acid Order

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2013年第1期3卷 20-29页

作者： Kevin F. Morris Eugene J. billiot Fereshteh H. billiot Kenny b. Lipkowitz William M. Southerland Yayin Fang Department of biochemistry and Molecular biology Howard University College of Medicine Howard University Washington USA Department of Chemistry Carthage College Kenosha USA Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi Corpus Christi USA Office of Naval Research Arlington USA

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to compare the structures of the chiral molecular micelles (MM) poly-(sodium undecyl-(L,L)-leucine-valine) (poly(SULV)) and poly-(sodium undecyl-(L,L)-valine-leucine) (poly (SUVL)). both MM contained polymerized surfactant monomers terminated by chiral dipeptide headgroups. The study was undertaken to investigate why poly(SULV) is generally a better chiral selector compared to poly(SUVL) in electrokinetic chromatography separations. When comparing poly(SULV) to poly(SUVL), poly(SULV) had the more conformational flexible dipeptide headgroup and hydrogen bond analyses revealed that the poly(SULV) headgroup conformation allowed a larger number of intramolecular hydrogen bonds to form between monomer chains. In addition, a larger number of water molecules surrounded the chiral centers of the poly(SULV) molecular micelle. Poly(SULV) was also found to have a larger solvent accessible surface area (SASA) than poly(SUVL) and fluctuations in the poly(SULV) SASA during the MD simulation allowed dynamic monomer chain motions expected to be important in chiral recognition to be identified. Finally, approximately 50% of the Na+ counterions were found in the first three solvation shells surrounding both MM, with the remainder located in the bulk. Overall the MD simulations point to both greater headgroup flexibility and solvent and analyte access to the chiral centers of the dipeptide headgroup as factors contributing to the enhanced chiral selectivity observed with poly(SULV).

关键词： Chiral Recognition Polymeric Surfactant Molecular Modeling

Investigation of Chiral Molecular Micelles by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 240-251页

作者： Kevin F. Morris Eugene J. billiot Fereshteh H. billiot Kenny b. Lipkowitz William M. Southerland Yayin Fang Department of biochemistry and Molecular biology Howard University College of Medicine Howard University Washington DC USA Department of Chemistry Carthage College Kenosha USA Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences Texas A & M University Corpus Christi USA Office of Naval Research Arlington USA

NMR spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation analyses of the chiral molecular micelles poly-(Sodium Undecyl-(L,L)-Leucine-Valine) (poly-SULV) and poly-(Sodium Undecyl-(L,L)-Valine-Leucine) (poly-(SUVL)) are reported. both molecular micelles are used as chiral selectors in electrokinetic chromatography and each consists of covalently linked surfactant chains with chiral dipeptide headgroups. To provide experimental support for the structures from MD simulations, NOESY spectra were used to identify protons in close spatial proximity. Results from the NOESY analyses were then compared to radial distribution functions from MD simulations. In addition, the hydrodynamic radii of both molecular micelles were calculated from NMR-derived diffusion coefficients. Corresponding radii from the MD simulations were found to be in agreement with these experimental results. NMR diffusion experiments were also used to measure association constants for polar and non-polar binaphthyl analytes binding to both molecular micelles. Poly (SUVL) was found to bind the non-polar analyte enantiomers more strongly, while the more polar analyte enantiomers interacted more strongly with poly(SULV). MD simulations in turn showed that poly(SULV) had a more open structure that gave greater access for water molecules to the dipeptide headgroup region.

关键词： NOESY Chiral Recognition Polymeric Surfactant Molecular Modeling

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未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者管理指南美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的指南

作者： (美)史蒂文·J. 斯坦(Steven J. Stein) (美)霍华德·E. 布克(howard E. book) (美)克罗尔·卡诺伊(Korrel Kanoy)

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国际脑血管病杂志 2015年第8期23卷 561-583页

作者： b. Gregory Thompson Robert D. brown Sepideh Amin-Hanjani Joseph P. broderick Kevin M. Cockroft E. Sander Connolly Gary R. Duckwiler Catherine C. Harris Virginia J. howard S. Claiborne (Clay) Johnston Philip M. Meyers Andrew Molyneux Christopher S. Ogilvy Andrew J. Ringer James Torner 肖国栋徐加平石际俊尤寿江张霞刘慧慧曹勇军代表美国心脏协会卒中委员会、心血管和卒中护理委员会以及流行病学和预防委员会苏州大学附属第二医院神经内科 215004

目的这份更新版指南旨在为未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的管理提供全面的循证建议。方法写作组采用系统文献回顾（1977年1月至2014年6月），参考同期已发表的循证指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有的证据，指出现有知识的差距；如果合适，则... 详细信息

目的这份更新版指南旨在为未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的管理提供全面的循证建议。方法写作组采用系统文献回顾（1977年1月至2014年6月），参考同期已发表的循证指南、个人文件和专家意见来总结现有的证据，指出现有知识的差距；如果合适，则根据美国心脏协会（ American Heart Association, AHA）标准做出推荐。本指南经过了包括卒中委员会领导层以及AHA科学声明监督委员会在内的广泛同行评议，然后由AHA科学咨询和协调委员会审批通过。结果本指南对未破裂颅内动脉瘤患者的医疗诊治提出了循证建议，涉及临床表现、自然史、流行病学、危险因素、筛查、诊断、影像学以及手术和血管内治疗的转归。

关键词： AHA科学声明脑动脉瘤流行病学影像学自然病史转归危险因素治疗

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Engineering for Inclusion:Empowering Individuals with Physical and Neurological Differences through Engineering Invention,Research,and Development

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Engineering 2021年第2期7卷 141-143页

作者： Peter T.Cummings Philippe M.Fauchet Michael Goldfarb Martha W.M.Jones Maithilee Kunda Jonathan b.Perlin Nilanjan Sarkar Keivan G.Stassun Zachary E.Warren Karl E.Zelik Department of Chemical and biomolecular Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1604USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1826USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1592USA Department of Medicine Healthand SocietyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1665USA The Frist Center for Autism and Innovation Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1807USA Department of biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235-1631USA HCA Healthcare NashvilleTN 37203USA Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA Treatment and Research Institute for Autism Spectrum Disorders Vanderbilt Kennedy CenterNashvilleTN 37203USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37212USA

*** The use of engineering tools,design,research,and thinking to create environments and capabilities whereby individuals who are currently under-employed or unemployed due to a physical disability(e.g.,amputation or spinal cord injury)or neurological difference(e.g.,autism)are enabled to become fully productive and employed members of society has been the implicit goal of decades of research at Vanderbilt University and *** Vanderbilt University,progress in these areas has been greatly facilitated by the proximity of the School of Engineering to the world-class Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the resulting close collaboration between engineering and medical researchers.

关键词： has environments power

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地幔底部边界层的热状态

地球物理学进展 1986年第2期 110-115页

作者： V.N.Zharkov P.b.Karpov V.V.Leontjev 王德孚

在这里,我们给核—幔边界层的热状态提出了一个定性的物理论说,设想出一个线性超绝热的温度分布,研究了地幔底部D"层的对流不稳定性。边界层的稳定性主要由核—幔边界上的地幔粘滞度ηmc的数值来确定;当ηmc是～1022p时,边界层是稳定的... 详细信息

在这里,我们给核—幔边界层的热状态提出了一个定性的物理论说,设想出一个线性超绝热的温度分布,研究了地幔底部D"层的对流不稳定性。边界层的稳定性主要由核—幔边界上的地幔粘滞度ηmc的数值来确定;当ηmc是～1022p时,边界层是稳定的,而当ηmc是～1020p时,该层则是不稳定的。借助于经过修正的关于上升热流在热的边界层上形成的howard理论,可以估计热的不稳定层的形成时间（τD"）。这个时间等于～10～8年,该层的宽度为～10～2km。因此,许多部分的过热流体由于不稳定性而离开不稳定层,其特征宽度也是～10～2km。按照我们理论的一般结论,我们提出:以其不均匀的特征尺度为～（10—100）km的不稳定层之特殊热结构,去阐明D"层的一切异常性质,即平稳的或折合的地震速度、折合力学性质及力学不均匀性（地震波散射的原因）。 D"层的热状态不是稳定的,当热由传导迁移时,相对平静的长周期由于地幔底部形成局部不稳定的热层（或热点）而告终,然后是不稳定的热层的很短的衰变期,接着而来的又是下一次的长久的传导期,如此循环不已。

关键词：热边界层热状态特征尺度不均匀形成时间长周期温度边界层经济周期瑞利数无量纲距离泰勒不稳定性粘度粘滞度对流不稳定性地球内部地幔