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Surfactant protein A (SP-A) binds to phosphatidylserine and competes with annexin V binding on late apoptotic cells

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Protein & Cell 2010年第2期1卷 188-197页

作者： Anne Jäkel Kenneth b.M.Reid howard Clark Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK University of Southampton MP 803 Level FSouth BlockSouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK

The role of surfactant protein A(SP-A)in the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells is well established,but to date,it is still not clear which surface molecules of apoptotic cells are involved in the *** we present evidence that phosphatidylserine(PS)is a relevant binding molecule for human *** binding is Ca^(2+)-dependent and is not inhibited by mannose,suggesting that the sugar-binding site of the carbohydrate recognition domain(CRD)of SP-A is not *** cytometry studies on apoptotic Jurkat cells revealed apparent inhibition of annexin V binding by increasing concentrations of SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic cells,and this was consistent for Jurkat cells and *** these data,confocal microscopy results show a co-localisation of annexin V and SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic ***,we cannot conclude that this inhibition is exclusively due to the binding of SP-A to PS on the cell surface,as annexin V is not wholly specific for PS and SP-A also interacts with other phospholipids that might become exposed on the apoptotic cell surface.

关键词： surfactant proteins phosphatidylserine apoptotic cells

Surface-bound myeloperoxidase is a ligand for recognition of late apoptotic neutrophils by human lung surfactant proteins A and D

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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 563-572页

作者： Anne Jäkel howard Clark Kenneth b.M.Reid Robert b.Sim Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK University of Southampton School of MedicineDivision of Infection Inflammation&ImmunitySouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK

Surfactant proteins A(SP-A)and D(SP-D),both members of the collectin family,play a well established role in apoptotic cell recognition and *** in vitro data show that SP-A and SP-D interact with apoptotic neutrophils in a distinct ***-A and SP-D bind in a Ca^(2+)-dependent manner to viable and early apoptotic neutrophils whereas the much greater interaction with late apoptotic neutrophils is Ca^(2+)-*** surface molecules on the apoptotic target cells responsible for these interactions had not been identified and this study was done to find candidate target ***(MPO),a specific intracellular defense molecule of neutrophils that becomes exposed on the outside of the cell upon apoptosis,was identified by affinity purification,mass-spectrometry and western blotting as a novel binding molecule for SP-A and *** confirm its role in recognition,it was shown that purified immobilised MPO binds SP-A and SP-D,and that MPO is surface-exposed on late apoptotic ***-A and SP-D inhibit binding of an anti-MPO monoclonal Ab to late apoptotic *** microscopy confirmed that anti-MPO mAb and SP-A/SP-D colocalise on late apoptotic *** was identified as a further potential ligand for SP-A,and neutrophil defensin as a target for both proteins.

关键词： SP-A SP-D myeloperoxidase neutrophils flow cytometry mass spectrometry

Parallel DNA Constrained by“CC^+Clamps”

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 1999年第2期15卷 42-47页

作者： LIU Ke-liang H.Todd Miles Frank b.howard Joe Frazier V.Sasisekharan Laboratory of Molecular biology NIDDKNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland20892USA

Parallel DNA helices with reverse WatsonCrick pairing have been described in several *** has been pointed out,however,that the parallel structures may also be in equilibrium with antiparallel WatsonCrick helices due to their closely similar *** avoid the problem we have prepared and characterized DNA helices which are constrained to possess parallel polarity by two dC residues,or CC+clamps,at both the ends of AT oligomer *** residues are hemiprotonated below neutral pH,forming two stable CC+base pairs with three hydrogen bonds at each end of the *** physical properties of these constructs can then be used to calibrate those of duplexes having the same sequences but lacking the terminal C *** recent studies indicate that dC acid selfstructures are fourstranded with intercalated bases,gel electrophoresis indicates that these structures are not present in the molecules described here.

关键词： Parallel DNA helices Reverse Watson-Crick pairing CC+ base pair Oligonucleotide helices, Reverse WatsonCrick pairing, CC+ base pair, Oligonucleotide

The role of RAD9 in tumorigenesis

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Journal of Molecular Cell biology 2011年第1期3卷 39-43页

作者： howard b.Lieberman Joshua D.bernstock Constantinos G.broustas Kevin M.Hopkins Corinne Leloup Aiping Zhu Center for Radiological Research Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons630 W.168th St.New YorkNY 10032USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health722 W.168th St.New YorkNY 10032USA

RAD9 regulates multiple cellular processes that influence genomic integrity,and for at least some of its functions the protein acts as part of a heterotrimeric complex bound to HUS1 and RAD1 ***9 participates in DNA repair,including base excision repair,homologous recombination repair and mismatch repair,multiple cell cycle phase checkpoints and *** addition,functions including the transactivation of downstream target genes,immunoglobulin class switch recombination,as well as 3′–5′exonuclease activity have been *** RAD9 expression has been linked to breast,lung,thyroid,skin and prostate tumorigenesis,and a cause–effect relationship has been demonstrated for the latter ***,human RAD9 overproduction correlates with prostate cancer whereas deletion of Mrad9,the corresponding mouse gene,in keratinocytes leads to skin *** results reveal that RAD9 protein can function as an oncogene or tumor suppressor,and aberrantly high or low levels can have deleterious health *** is not clear which of the many functions of RAD9 is critical for carcinogenesis,but several alternatives are considered herein and implications for the development of novel cancer therapies based on these findings are examined.

关键词： RAD9 tumor suppressor oncogene tumorigenesis cell cycle checkpoints DNA repair

Distributed beamforming based Wireless Power Transfer:Analysis and Realization

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第6期25卷 758-775页

作者： Xiaoran Fan Han Ding Yanyong Zhang Wade Trappe Zhu Han Rich howard the Wireless Information Network Laboratory(WINLAb) Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA the Department of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China the Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230052China the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA.

This paper presents a new Wireless Power Transfer(WPT)approach by aligning the phases of a group of spatially distributed Radio Frequency(RF)transmitters(TX)at the target receiver(RX)*** approach can transfer energy over tens of meters and even to targets blocked by *** to popular beamforming based WPTs,our approach leads to a drastically different energy density distribution:the energy density at the target receiver is much higher than the energy density at other *** to this unique energy distribution pattern,our approach offers a safer WPT solution,which can be potentially scaled up to ship a higher level of energy over longer ***,we model the energy density distribution and prove that our proposed system can create a high energy peak exactly at the target *** we conduct detailed simulation studies to investigate how the actual energy distribution is impacted by various important system parameters,including number/topology of transmitters,transmitter antenna directionality,the distance between receiver and transmitters,and environmental ***,we build an actual prototype with 17 N210 and 4 b210 Universal Software Radio Peripheral(USRP)nodes,through which we validate the salient features and performance promises of the proposed system.

关键词： Wireless Power Transfer(WPT) distributed beamforming wireless network

Seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy in the Changjiang River estuary： a numerical study

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第1期34卷 219-230页

作者：张敏 Ian howard TOWNEND 蔡华阳周云轩 State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO171B J UK Department of Water Management Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology Stevinweg 1 P.O. Box 5048 2600 GA Delft The Netherlands

Tidal rivers are intrinsically complex because tidal propagation is influenced by river discharge. This study aims to examine the seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy variance in the tidal river of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary in China. In order to quantify the behaviour of river and tide,we use numerical modelling that has been validated using measured data. We conduct our analysis by quantifying the discharge and energy variance in separate components for both the river and the tide,during wet and dry seasons. We note various definitions of tidal prism and explore the difference between tidal discharge on the flood and ebb and tidal storage volume. The results show that the river discharge attenuates the tidal motion and reduces the tidal flood discharge but the tidal storage volume is approximately constant with different riverine discharge since part of the fresh water discharge is intercepted and captured in the estuary due to the backwater effect. It appears that the tidal discharge adjusts according to the variation of river discharge to keep a constant tidal storage volume. An analysis of the hydraulics shows that the transition from tidal dominance(at the mouth) to river dominance(upstream) depends on the location of tidal current reversal which varies from wet season to dry season. Duringthe wet season,the Changjiang River estuary is totally dominated by energy from fresh water discharge.

关键词： hydrodynamics estuary convergence tidal prism hydraulics energy tidal river

A novel self-promoted Morita-baylis-Hillman-like dimerization

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Chinese Science bulletin 2010年第25期55卷 2794-2798页

作者： LI Qiang WongKhan Kittiya LUO XianCai batsanov Andrei S howard Judith A K LAN Yu WU YunDong Marder Todd b LEI AiWen College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

While stable in CH2Cl2, hexane or THF, in the presence of MeOH, self-promoted dimerization of the triarylphosphine-alkene 1, a ligand for Pd-catalyzed reactions, produced an unusual racemic bis(phosphine) 2 in high yield. The reaction of 2 with Pd(dba)2, followed by oxidative addition of p-IC6H4NO2, yielded a trans-chelated Pd(Ⅱ) aryl iodide complex.

关键词：二聚体催化反应二氯甲烷四氢呋喃氧化加成 DbA 芳基碘烯烃

State-of-the-Art management of knee osteoarthritis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第2期3卷 89-101页

作者： Kenton H Fibel howard J Hillstrom brian C Halpern Department of Medicine Primary Care Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory Department of RehabilitationHospital for Special Surgery

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common type of arthritis found in the United States' population and is also the most common disease of joints in adults throughout the world with the knee being the most frequently affected of all joints. As the United States' population ages along with the increasing trends in obesity prevalence in other parts of the world, it is expected that the burden of OA on the population, healthcare system, and overall economy will continue to increase in the future without making major improvements in managing knee OA. Numerous therapies aim to reduce symptoms of knee OA and continued research has helped to further understand the complex pathophysiology of its disease mechanism attempting to uncover new potential targets for the treatment of OA. This review article seeks to evaluate the current practices for managing knee OA and discusses emerging therapies on the horizon. These practices include non-pharmacological treatments such as providing patient education and self-management strategies, advising weight loss, strengthening programs, and addressing biomechanical issues with bracing or foot orthoses. Oral analgesics and anti-inflammatories are pharmacologicals that are commonly used and the literature overall supports that some of these medications can be helpful for managing knee OA in the short-term but are less effective for long-term management. Additionally, more prolonged use significantly increases the risk of serious associated side effects that are not too uncommon. Diseasemodifying osteoarthritis drugs are being researched as a treatment modality to potentially halt or slow disease progression but data at this time is limited and continued studies are being conducted to further investigate their effectiveness. Intra-articular injectables are also implemented to manage knee OA ranging from corticosteroids to hyaluronans to more recently plateletrich plasma and even stem cells while several other injection therapies are presently b

关键词： Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Knee osteoarthritis Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Osteoarthritis management Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs Hyaluronic acid Arthroscopy Platelet-rich plasma Corticosteroids Stem cells

Helicobacter pylori : Friend or foe?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8979-8985页

作者： Stephen David howard Malnick Ehud Melzer Malka Attali Gabriel Duek Jacob Yahav Department of Internal Medicine C Kaplan Medical Center Gastroenterology Institute Kaplan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine b Kaplan Medical Center Kaplan Medical Center Affiliated to the Hebrew University

Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a Gram-negative spiral bacterium that is present in nearly half the world's population. It is the major cause of peptic ulcer disease and a recognized cause of gastric carcinoma. In addition, it is linked to non-ulcer dyspepsia, vitamin b12 deficiency, iron-deficient anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. These conditions are indications for testing and treatment according to current guidelines. An additional indication according to the guidelines is "anyone with a fear of gastric cancer" which results in nearly every infected person being eligible for eradication treatment. There may be beneficial effects of H. pylori in humans, including protection from gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal adenocarcinoma. In addition, universal treatment will be extremely expensive(more than $32 billion in the United States), may expose the patients to adverse effects such as anaphylaxis and Clostridium difficile infection, as well as contributing to antibiotic resistance. There may also be an as yet uncertain effect on the fecal microbiome. There is a need for robust clinical data to assist in decision-making regarding treatment of H. pylori infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Treatment Cost benefit Cancer