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The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada

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science China Earth sciences 2015年第1期58卷 46-60页

作者： Chris M DEBEER howard s wheater William L QUINTON sean K CAREY Ronald E sTEWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARsH Global Institute for Water security University of SaskatchewanNational Hydrology Research Centre Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University school of Geography and Earth sciences Mc Master University Department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba science and Technology Branch Environment Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern *** is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental *** Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and saskatchewan River Basins in *** network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing *** paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling *** overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are *** of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is *** future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.

关键词： climate change cryosphere hydrology atmospheric science ecology modelling Canada

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G-WADI—the first decade

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2013年第1期5卷 1-5页

作者： W. Mike Edmunds Ramasamy Jayakumar Anil Mishra Abdin salih soroosh sorooshian howard s. wheater William Logan Oxford Water School of Geography and the Environment Oxford University Oxford OX1 3QY UK UNEsCO Beijing Office Waijiaogongyu 5-15-3 Jianguomenwai Compound UNEsCO IHP 1 rue Miollis 75732 Paris Cedex 15 France University of Khartoum Gramma Avenue Khartoum 11111 Sudan Global Institute for Water security University of Saskatchewan National Hydrology Research Centre 11 Innovation Boulevard Saskatoon SK S7N 3H5 Canada International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management (ICIWaRM-UNEsCO) Institute for Water Resources (IWR) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 7701 Telegraph Road Alexandria VA 22315-3868 USA

The G-WADI network by UNEsCO promotes the global capacity for management of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas. The primary aim has been to build a comprehensive global network to promote regional and international cooperation so as to in- crease knowledge and improve management practices through the sharing of information. The G-WADI objectives and achieve- ments of the past 10 years are reviewed. A number of key initiatives have been implemented^the formation of five regional net- works, the creation of a central G-WADI web site, promotion of near-real-time rainfall distribution software enhanced by the in- clusion of satellite based precipitation estimations, as well as workshop and web-based activities on chemical and isotopic tracers and on rain water harvesting. Two workshops on surface and on groundwater modeling, supported by publications have been held in India and China. The Asian G-WADI network remains very active, but activities in the other three regions are developing （Af- rica, Arab Region, Latin America and the Caribbean）.

关键词： UNEsCO semi-arid regions water resources groundwater modeling global networks water harvesting

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Impact of Proteinuria on Liver Enzyme Levels

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第9期12卷 759-760页

作者： David Yardeni Asif Hitawala Lilian howard Theo Heller Meryl Waldman Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Soroka University Medical CenterBeer-ShevaIsrael Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Kidney Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Dear Editors,We read with great interest the recently published article“subnormal serum Liver Enzyme Levels:A Review of Pathophysiology and Clinical significance”by Youssef and colleagues.1 While much attention is given to elevations of liver enzymes,the authors highlight clinically important,often unrecognized reasons leading to low liver enzyme *** example,chronic kidney disease was cited as a cause of low serum aspartate aminotransferase(AsT)proportional to the progression of the disease,but the cause(s)are not well *** is known about the possible influence of nephrotic syndrome(Ns)on liver enzymes.

关键词： Impact Liver Levels

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Peri-articular elbow fracture fixations with magnesium implants and a review of current literature: A case series

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 215-229页

作者： Christopher Fang Antony Xavier Rex Premchand Derek howard Park Dong Hao Toon Department of Orthopaedic surgery Khoo Teck Puat HospitalNational Healthcare GroupSingapore 768828Singapore

BACKGROUND In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants have gained renewed popularity,especially after the first commercially available ConformitéEuropéenne approved Magnesium implant became available(MAGNEZIX®Cs,syntellix)in *** To document our clinical and radiographical outcomes using magnesium implants in treating peri-articular elbow *** Our paper was based on a retrospective case series ***-operatively,a standardized surgical technique was utilized for insertion of the magnesium ***–operatively,clinic visits were standardized and physical exam findings,functional scores,and radiographs were obtained at each *** complications were *** Five patients with 6 fractures were recruited(2 coronoid,3 radial head and 1 capitellum).The mean patient age and length of follow up was 54.6 years and 11 months *** fractures healed,and none exhibited loss of reduction or complications requiring revision *** patient developed synovitis of the elbow joint or suffered electrolytic reactions when titanium implants were used *** Although there is still a paucity of literature available on the subject and further studies are required,magnesium implants appear to be a feasible tool for fixation of peri-articular elbow fractures with promising results in our *** In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants in orthopaedic surgeries have gained renewed *** from being bioabsorbable,negating the need for implant removal,magnesium also has good osteoconductive properties[1-4].Biomechanically,it exhibits greater biomechanical strength than any pre-existing polymers,and reduces the stress-shielding effect associated with titanium and steel implants as it has a Young’s modulus closer to bone[4].Currently,the main utility of magnesium implants in the orthopaedic community is within the foot and ankle community where satisfactory results have been reported

关键词： Magnesium screw Fracture Peri-articular Elbow

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superior antibody and membrane protein‑specific T‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime s.Rosa Duque samuel M.s.Cheng Carolyn A.Cohen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng Mu Yuet Chung Tsun Ming Lau Manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang howard H.W.Wong Leo C.H.Tsang sara Chaothai Tsz Chun Kwan John K.C.Li Karl C.K.Chan Leo L.H.Luk Jenson C.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos M.T.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam sau Man Chan Wilfred H.s.Wong Issan Y.s.Tam Masashi Mori sophie A.Valkenburg Malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina school of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Immunology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular(IM)administration for several vaccines,but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(sARs-CoV-2)at the full dose is *** study(NCT04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over IM administration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of IM or ID vaccine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2(IM-CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(IMCCC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** spike protein(s)immunoglobulin G(IgG),s-receptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,s IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,sNM[sum of individual(s),nucleocapsid protein(N),and membrane protein(M)peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),sNM-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),s-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to IM-CC,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,s-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,s IgG avidity,s IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for IM-CC,ID-CC,IM-CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported more local,mild adverse *** This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated sARsCoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vaccine

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The milk-based diet of infancy and the gut microbiome

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第4期7卷 246-249,I0001页

作者： Hu Hao Lixin Zhu howard s.Faden Division of Pediatrics The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Biochemistry GenomeEnvironment and Microbiome Community of ExcellenceState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA Division of Infectious Diseases Department of PediatricsJacobs School of Medicine and Biological SciencesUniversity at BuffaloState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA

The composition and the diversity of the gut microbiome play a major role in the health and well-being of humans beginning at *** impact of the diet on the structure and the function of the gut microbiome is evident by the changes in the gut microbiome concurrent with the transition from human milk to solid *** oligosaccharides contained in milk are essential nutrients for commensal microbes in the infant *** most important commensal bacterium in the infant gut,bifidobacterium,requires a1,2 fucosylated oligosaccharides for *** not all humans are able to secrete a1,2 fucosylated oligosaccharides into milk,the gut microbiome of infants and bifidobacteria,in particular,vary considerably between‘secretors’and‘non-secretors’.A paucity of a1,2 fucosylated oligosaccharides and bifidobacteria in the gut of infants may be associated with poor health.

关键词： Gut microbiome oligosaccharides secretors non-secretors bifidobacterium

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Lockdown lifted:measuring spatial resilience from London’s public transport demand recovery

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Geo-spatial Information science 2023年第4期26卷 685-702页

作者： Divya sharma Chen Zhong howard Wong Centre for Advanced spatial Analysis University College LondonLondonUK Transport Consulting ArupLondonUK Public Transport service Planning Transport for LondonLondonUK

The disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly shifted how individuals navigate in *** are concerned that travel behavior will shift toward a car-driven and homeworking future,shifting demand away from public transport *** concerns place the recovery of public transport in a possible crisis.A resilience perspective may aid the discussion around recovery-particularly one that deviates from pre-pandemic *** paper presents an empirical study of London’s public transport demand and introduces a perspective of spatial resilience to the existing body of research on post-pandemic public transport *** study defines spatial resilience as the rate of recovery in public transport demand within census boundaries over a period after lockdown restrictions were *** relationship between spatial resilience and urban socioeconomic factors was investigated by a global spatial regression model and a localized perspective through Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)*** this case study of London,the analysis focuses on the period after the first COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were lifted(June 2020)and before the new restrictions in mid-september *** analysis shows that outer London generally recovered faster than inner *** of income,car ownership and density of public transport infrastructure were found to have the greatest influence on spatial patterns in ***,influential relationships vary locally,inviting future research to examine the drivers of this spatial ***,this research recommends transport policymakers capture the influences of homeworking,ensure funding for a minimum level of service,and advocate for a polycentric recovery post-pandemic.

关键词： spatial resilience demand recovery public transport COVID-19 pandemic London

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A Time to Remember:Neural Insights into Rapid Updating of Timed Behaviors

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 699-702页

作者： Christopher howard Patrick simen Neuroscience Department Oberlin CollegeOberlinOH44074USA

Processing temporal information is a critical brain function necessary for decision-making and *** timing,or processing of time intervals on the scale of seconds to minutes,is essential for associative learning,sensorimotor processing,and optimal foraging[1]and many neuropsychiatric illnesses including Parkinson's Disease,Huntington's Disease,and schizophrenia involve impaired interval timing.

关键词： Huntington impaired dating

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Epidemiology of cancer of the small intestine

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2011年第3期3卷 33-42页

作者： howard Morrison science Integration Division Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and ControlPublic Health Agency of Canada

Cancer of the small intestine is very *** are 4 main histological subtypes:adenocarcinomas,carcinoid tumors,lymphoma and *** incidence of small intestine cancer has increased over the past several decades with a four-fold increase for carcinoid tumors,less dramatic rises for adenocarcinoma and lymphoma and stable sarcoma *** little is known about its *** increased risk has been noted for individuals with Crohn's disease,celiac disease,adenoma,familial adenomatous polyposis and Peutz-Jeghers *** behavioral risk factors including consumption of red or smoked meat,saturated fat,obesity and smoking have been *** prognosis for carcinomas of the small intestine cancer is poor(5 years relative survival s and sarcomas,and best for carcinoid *** has been no signif icant change in longterm survival rates for any of the 4 histological ***,with the possible exceptions of obesity and cigarette smoking,there are no established modifiable risk factors which might provide the foundation for a prevention program aimed at reducing the incidence and mortality of cancers of the small *** research with better quality and sufficient statistical power is needed to get better understanding of the etiology and biology of this *** addition,more studies should be done to assess not only exposures of interest,but also host susceptibility.

关键词： Cancer of the small intestine Histology Incidence Risk factors survival

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Piezoelectric inertial robot for operating in small pipelines based on stick-slip mechanism:modeling and experiment

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2022年第3期17卷 109-124页

作者： Jichun XING Chao NING Yingxiang LIU Ian howard school of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China state Key Laboratory of Robotics and system Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China school of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Curtin UniversityPerth6001Australia

small pipes exist in industrial and biomedical fields,and require microrobots with high operational precision and large load capacity to inspect or perform functional tasks.A piezoelectric inertial pipeline robot using a“stick-slip”mechanism was proposed to address this *** this study,the driving principle of the proposed robot was analyzed,and the strategy of the design scheme was presented.A dynamics model of the stick-slip system was established by combining the dynamics model of the driving foot system and the LuGre friction model,and the simulation analysis of the effect of system parameters on the operating trajectory was *** experimental system was established to examine the output characteristics of the proposed *** results show that the proposed pipeline robot with inertial stick-slip mechanism has a great load capacity of carrying 4.6 times(70 g)its own mass and high positioning *** speed of the pipeline robot can reach up to 3.5 mm/s(3 mm/s)in the forward(backward)direction,with a minimum step distance of 4µ*** potential application for fine operation in the pipe is exhibited by a demonstration of contactless transport.

关键词： pipeline robot piezoelectric inertial drive stick-slip large load capacity dynamics model small pipeline

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