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Comparison of Two Recurrent Neural Networks for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in the Zou River Basin at Atchérigbé (Bénin)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 167-181页

作者： Iboukoun Eliézer Biao Oscar houessou Pierre Jérôme Zohou Adéchina Eric Alamou National School of Mathematical Engineering and Modeling National University of Sciences Technology Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin LaGEA National School of Public Works National University of Sciences Technology Engineering and Mathematics Abomey Benin International Chair of Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA-uNESCO Chair) University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bnin

Hydrological models are developed to simulate river flows over a watershed for many practical applications in the field of water resource management. The present paper compares the performance of two recurrent neural networks for rainfall-runoff modeling in the Zou River basin at Atchérigbé outlet. To this end, we used daily precipitation data over the period 1988-2010 as input of the models, such as the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Recurrent Gate Networks (GRu) to simulate river discharge in the study area. The investigated models give good results in calibration (R2 = 0.888, NSE = 0.886, and RMSE = 0.42 for LSTM;R2 = 0.9, NSE = 0.9 and RMSE = 0.397 for GRu) and in validation (R2 = 0.865, NSE = 0.851, and RMSE = 0.329 for LSTM;R2 = 0.9, NSE = 0.865 and RMSE = 0.301 for GRu). This good performance of LSTM and GRu models confirms the importance of models based on machine learning in modeling hydrological phenomena for better decision-making.

关键词： Supervised Learning Modeling Zou Basin Long and Short-Term Memory Gated Recurrent unit Hyperparameters Optimization

Improving the use of Insecticide-Treated Nets among Children under Five Years Old in Benin, West Africa

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 137-158页

作者： Emmanuel houessou Tatchémè Filémon Tokponnon Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou Cotonou République du Bénin Ministère de la Santé Cotonou République du Bénin Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi République du Bénin

Background: In Benin, malaria represents the first cause of consultation and hospitalization (48% for children under 5 years old) in health units. It also accounts for 23.1% of deaths recorded in health facilities (MoH, 2019). Between the two main components of vector control adopted by Benin government, the mass distribution campaigns of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) remained the only proven cost-effective way to rapidly achieve high and equitable coverage (WHO, 2017). After the fourth mass distribution campaign conducted in 2017, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data indicated that the percentage of children who slept under an ITN has increased from 20% in 2006 to 70% in 2011-2012 and to 76% in 2017-2018 while the incidence of malaria (tested positive) is increasing rapidly among children under 5 years old, growing from 36.5% in 2009 to 28.8% in 2012 and then to 51.4% in 2019. This study aims to understand this contrast by identifying the origin of the increase in ITN use over time among children under five years old and the factors which determine this use. Methods: Data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Benin respectively in 2006 and in 20018 were used during the analysis, which covered 13,445 children under five years old from 2006 DHS and 12,255 children from 2017-2018 DHS. Firstly, the data were analyzed using decomposition method to highlight the origin of the increase of ITN use over time among children under five years old. Secondly, the chi-square test analysis estimated the association between ITN use and some characteristics (wealth index, maternal or caregiver education level and child age). Finally, the logistic regression model was used to identify the main factors, which influence the net use over the study period. Results: This study shows that the improvement of basic conditions is the main origin of behavior change in the use of ITNs among children under five years old. This improvement of the basic conditions con

关键词： Malaria Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) Child under 5 Years Old Health Policy Benin

Non-Interference as a Doctrine in China’s Africa Policy:the Case of Darfur

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Non-Interference as a Doctrine in China’s Africa Policy:the...

作者： houessou Armel Sedo Adjibade（惠苏（阿迈尔））山东大学

学位级别：硕士

自从中国与非洲在1956年第一次确立外交关系,中国的对非政策已经由一个不可持续的、受意识形态影响的动机转向政治实用主义以及现在的经济实用主义。尽管这些转变已经在过去50多年里明显的改变了中非关系,但是这种转变背后,事实上一些... 详细信息

自从中国与非洲在1956年第一次确立外交关系,中国的对非政策已经由一个不可持续的、受意识形态影响的动机转向政治实用主义以及现在的经济实用主义。尽管这些转变已经在过去50多年里明显的改变了中非关系,但是这种转变背后,事实上一些核心原则一直没有发生根本性的变化,并得以延续下来。平等对待、尊重主权、不干涉、互利和共同发展等原则一直贯彻至今。中国对待民族与主权问题一向非常谨慎。这源于历史上中国多次被其他大国侵犯主权,中华人民共和国建立后其内部事务也屡受外部势力的干涉。这尤其使得中国特别强调对于其他主权国家内部事务的“不干涉”原则。这一原则强调主权作为共同?的,始终坚持所有的国家是平等的,没有任何一个国家有权利裁断其他国家的内部事务。不干涉原则起到了捍卫中国自身主权权利的作用。以人权为例来分析,西方国家相信人权源于历史上保护公民免收国家的侵犯和暴政,这就意味着所有的国家都有义务来干涉和保护权利受到侵犯的人的利益,不论这些人身处何方。但是对于发展中国家而言,包括中国和大多数非洲国家认为国家主权是至关重要的,至少是因为人权保护机制是一个以国家为基础的机制。不干涉原则认为人权不应该成为一个国家干涉其他国家内部事务的理由。通过坚持这一原则,中国一方面能捍卫自身主权,同时也赢得了非洲各国的信任。在过去的几十年间,联合国所启动的人权议案有11次未获通过。没有非洲国家的支持,中国不可能击败这些议案。即使中国的绝对的不干涉主权原则由于有些国家内部的人权侵犯和政治腐败等问题屡受批评,但是中国不认为自身可以对非洲国家的内部事务指手画脚,并认为非洲联盟在这一方面要更有资格来评论。中国的不干涉政策不意味着忽视人道主义灾难,而是中国尊重各个国家的主权,并承认自己在解决危机问题上的局限性。在与非洲国家的外交对话中,中国事实上也就其治理和内部事务提出一些建议。与西方不同的是,中国的建议是以一种友好的商量的方式出现的,而西方的干涉是一种强制的态度。在达尔富尔问题上,中国一直反对对苏丹的经济制裁。中国相信达尔富尔危机是一个落后国家发展过程中出现的一种危机,在这种情况下,经济制裁只会给这个地区带来更多的麻烦。正如联合国2007年发布的环境发展报告中所指出的,“环境的退化,以及地区环境的变化和不稳定性,是达尔富尔地区食品危机和冲突的深层原因。”既然达尔富尔问题是不同苏丹人民之间的冲突,而对于任何一个国家而言,民族国家的建构都要历经一个困难的过程,国际社会应该允许苏丹花些时间来解决她自身的问题。中国的援助着眼于冲突的根源--贫穷。中国对苏丹进行了很多基础设施发展方面的援助,比如学校,医院和供水设施。中国已经提供了1000万美元的人道主义援助,并承诺将提供更多。中国一直坚持不通过干涉的施加影响--他们把尊重看作解决问题的根本。在达尔富尔问题上,中国已经运用她与苏丹的关系来说服苏丹政府同联合国合作。因为中国试图寻求一种苏丹内部各方都接受的方案来减轻苏丹人民的痛苦,所以苏丹政府信任中国。最近,苏丹政府已经接受在苏丹地区的“多重维和力量”。这个转折点源于同苏丹政府基于平等基础上的谈判而非强制行的或者制裁威胁的。本论文主要研究中国非洲政策中的不干涉原则。这包括对不干涉政策做一个全面的概览,不仅仅是从北京的角度。非盟、联合国,东西方在其外交政策制定中所蕴含的不干涉原则并不是一个简单的由严格的不干涉主义向人道主义干涉的转变。北京对不干涉原则的正统理解是立足于对其他国家的尊重的基础上,他们相信除非被请求,否则没有一个国家有权干涉其他国家的内部事务。在达尔富尔问题上,北京起初不顾不干涉是源于中国在苏丹利益的批评,坚持其不干涉主义。中国不顾国际社会对自身影响Khartoum的期望。事实上,北京继续支持Khartoum,在联合国安理会的解决方案上采取回避态度。因为中国不认为达尔富尔问题可以使得自身调整一直以来坚持的不干涉政策。但是北京逐渐的改变了她的不干涉政策。转变的原因是多方面的,有国际社会的施压,还有自身形象面临的危机。中国试图在其自身职责范围内和安理会的期望中平衡她在苏丹经济和政治利益。与此同时,北京继续坚持其国家主权原则,支持Khartoum政府。这种由对不干涉原则的正统理解的微调可以被视作中国正在改变其不干涉原则以她在国际社会的新的角色。这也可以被看作中国仍坚持其不干涉原则,因为她仍然强调避免制裁,而且外部干预必须获得主权国家的许可。另外一个关键因素在于在她的利益受到威胁时,中国的这一政策会加以调整。看起来似乎这种微调趋势会继续,导致北京基于形势所采取的一种“积极的不干预政策”模式。这种形式表明一种立足于北京的一些核心原则,但是又会受到形势和压力的不干涉政策的转变。

关键词：不干涉原则中国的不干涉原则国家主权保护的责任

Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck Paragangliomas: Experience from Radiotherapy Department at the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat (Morocco)

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第5期12卷 268-278页

作者： Guy N’da Amine Lachgar Oswald houessou Sanae El Majjaoui Hanane El Kacemi Tayeb Kebdani Nourredine Benjaafar Department of Radiotherapy National Institute of Oncology in Rabat Rabat Morocco Mohammed V university Rabat Morocco

Background and Purpose: Paragangliomas are rare tumors of the head and neck. Their management remains problematic and varies considerably depending on the center. This study reported 14 years of experience in the management of head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGls). We aimed to assess the therapeutic results of these tumors in terms of local control and overall survival. Materials and Methods: We included 16 patients followed for HNPGls and treated by radiotherapy from January 2006 to June 2018 in the National Institute of Oncology in Rabat. Results: The median age was 44.5 years (15 - 67). 13 patients were female and three male with a sex ratio of 4.3. Cervical mass was the common sign (56.3%). All patients received radiation therapy. This radiation was exclusive in 43.7% of ca

关键词： Paraganglioma Head and Neck Radiotherapy

Synergistic Effect of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Offspring Demography of <i>Pentadesma butyracea</i>(Clusiaceae), a Threatened Tree Species in Benin (West-Africa)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1374-1390页

作者： M’Mouyohoun Kouagou Olivier E. B. Ahouandjinou Laurent houessou Aliou Dicko Armand Kuyema Natta Laboratory of Ecology Botany and Plant Biology Parakou Republic of Benin Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Republic of Benin

understanding how ecological differences and anthropogenic disturbances synergistically drive population dynamics decline is critical for optimal management strategy definition. Main anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat size reduction, fire and non-timber forest harvest affect demographic processes but our understanding of their interaction effects in contrasted ecological conditions is limited. We investigated the interaction effects of fruit harvest, fire, gallery forest size and distance to streambed on density, recruitment, survival and growth of Pentadesma butyracea offspring in dry and moist ecological conditions. We randomly selected in each ecological region six P. butyracea populations. We then established in each population, 10 subplots of 100 m2 within 1 ha to assess offspring demographic performance from 2015 to 2017. Results showed that fire suppressed the positive effect of large habitat size and amplified the negative effect of increasing local aridity on offspring growth. Fire and harvest synergistically reduced growth whereas offspring growth was resilient to fire in moist ecological region. Moist ecological conditions mitigated the negative effect of harvest on growth. Harvest mitigated the surprise negative effect of large habitat size on survival. However, in large gallery size, high harvest limited clonal recruitment and growth. There was a positive interaction effect between harvest and distance to streambed on survival (High harvest, Z = 2.045, p = 0.041, Medium, Z = 2.060, p = 0.039) but a negative interaction effect on growth (High, t = -2.357, p 0.05). Clonal offspring grew faster than sexual offspring in high harvest populations. In moist region, offspring survived better in large gallery forest size. In 2017, survival and growth were lower in large gallery forest. In 2017, offspring growth was higher near the riverbed where the survival rate low. This study suggests that management strategies should consider the interaction effects

关键词： Fire Habitat Size Reduction Multiple Stressors Pentadesma butyracea Survival-Growth Trade-Off

Fruit Juice Production in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Municipalities (Benin): Socio-Professional Profile of Actors and Adoption Level of Hygienic Practices of Enterprises

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 649-668页

作者： Agossou P. Noumavo Messan A. B. Ohin d’Avila Y. Dognon Stéphane K. houessou Edmond Sacla Aide Farid Baba-Moussa Laboratoire de Microbiologie et des Technologies Alimentaires Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et Estimation Forestière Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

Fruit juice production sector is developing in Benin’s major cities and appears to have both organisational and technical shortcomings. This study aimed to 1) establish the socio-professional profile of actors in the fruit juice production sector in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou municipalities and 2) evaluate the adoption level of hygienic practices of enterprises. The methodological approach adopted in this study combined a semi-structured survey with direct observations in fifty enterprises. The statistical analysis was carried out using the R.4.0.0 software. The study revealed that fruit juice enterprises in both municipalities are mainly artisanal (90%) and located in residential areas (94%). They are therefore exposed to contamination risks from domestic and road activities. More than half of these enterprises were created less than five years ago. Three administrative types of enterprises were noted: non-structured (32%), semi-structured (34%) and structured (34%). Almost half of the enterprises belong to at least one professional association. Only a few enterprises have marketing authorization. Women predominate in the positions of director and production assistant. The majority of production managers are men. Most directors and production managers have a university education, but not necessarily in the field of food sciences. The adoption level of hygienic practices is significantly influenced by the level of enterprises structuration and size. The level of hygiene in these enterprises is also very weakly influenced by the female gender. Structured and semi-industrial enterprises have a higher adoption level of hygienic practices. Those with acceptable or good hygiene level enterprises contain slightly more women.

关键词： Fruit Juice Food Hygiene Socio-Demographic Profile Gender Benin

Pediatric Nasopharyngeal Rhabdomyosarcoma: About a Case and Review of Literature

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2021年第1期12卷 10-18页

作者： Dohoué Patricia Eliane Agbanglanon Imane M’barki Oswald houessou Gaël Kietga Siham Jaba Hafsa Elouazzani Séka Evrard Narcisse Hanan Elkacemi Nadia Cherradi Sanaa Elmajjaoui Noureddine Benjaafar Department of Radiotherapy Oncology National Institute of Oncology Rabat Morocco Department of Pathological Anatomy Laboratory Specialties Hospital Rabat Morocco

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue tumor in children, with the head and neck location accounting for up to 40% of cases. The embryonal and alveolar histologic variants are more commonly seen in pediatric patients. The treatment is multimodal and the prognosis of this clinical entity is always gloomy. We report the case of nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 7-year-old boy child with a good response to early post-therapy. Case Presentation: The patient was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal RMS revealed by a congested nose, ptosis and bilateral blindness, and who received induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The evolution is marked by a good clinical course but persistence of bilateral blindness

关键词： Rhabdomyosarcoma Nasopharyngeal Pediatric Chemotherapy Radiotherapy

Improving the use of Insecticide-Treated Nets among Children under Five Years Old in Benin, West Africa

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Effect of Substitution of Cement by Mineral Powders on the Physico-mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Sand Concretes

Advances in Infectious Diseases（传染病进展） 2023年第2期

作者： Emmanuel houessou Tatchémè Filémon Tokponnon

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Journal of Architectural Environment & Structural Engineering Research 2022年第4期5卷 18-29页

作者： Belkacem Belhadj Justin houessou Nicolas Montrelay Michèle Quéneudec SREML Laboratory University Amar TelidjiBP 37 GLaghouat03000Algeria Research unit“EPROAD” University of Picardie Jules VerneAmiens80000France

The approach that contributes to the development of eco-materials in construction is the use of mineral powders,which can improve mechanical properties and reduce cement *** article aims to study the effect of substitution by mass of cement with mineral powders on the physicomechanical properties and microstructure of sand *** used mineral powders are A:the limestone,B:the natural pozzolan,C:the hydraulic lime,D:(1/3 limestone+1/3 natural pozzolan+1/3 hydraulic lime),and E:(1/2 natural pozzolan+1/2 hydraulic lime).The studied percentages are 5%,10%and 15%,in both separated and combined *** studied properties are workability,compressive strength,the elasticity modulus in compression,shrinkage and microstructure *** objective is to target the optimal percentage of the substitution of cement with mineral powders,which ensures the best compromise between the main properties of the studied sand *** obtained results show that the optimal percentage is in favor of the substitution of cement by 10%D(1/3 limestone,1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime).Even the 15%of mineral powder D,presented similar performances compared to the sand concrete(without mineral powders).Finally,in the context of the development of eco-materials,it should be noted that the 10%D and 15%D(1/3 limestone,1/3 natural pozzolan and 1/3 hydraulic lime)contribute to decrease the use of cement and consequently to reduce of CO2 emissions.

关键词： Eco-materials Sand concretes Cements Mineral powders Physico-mechanical properties Microstructure