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Gradient sparsification for efficient wireless federated learning with differential privacy

Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 272-288页

作者： Kang WEI Jun LI Chuan MA Ming DING Feng SHU Haitao ZHAO Wen CHEN hongbo zhu School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Zhejiang Lab Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration(Southeast University) Ministry of Education Data61 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan University School of Communications and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Federated learning(FL) enables distributed clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing raw data with each other. However, it suffers from the leakage of private information from uploading models. In addition, as the model size grows, the training latency increases due to the limited transmission bandwidth and model performance degradation while using differential privacy(DP)protection. In this paper, we propose a gradient sparsification empowered FL framework with DP over wireless channels, to improve training efficiency without sacrificing convergence performance. Specifically, we first design a random sparsification algorithm to retain a fraction of the gradient elements in each client’s local model, thereby mitigating the performance degradation induced by DP and reducing the number of transmission parameters over wireless channels. Then, we analyze the convergence bound of the proposed algorithm, by modeling a non-convex FL problem. Next, we formulate a time-sequential stochastic optimization problem for minimizing the developed convergence bound, under the constraints of transmit power, the average transmitting delay, as well as the client’s DP requirement. Utilizing the Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty framework, we develop an analytical solution to the optimization problem. Extensive experiments have been implemented on three real-life datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm. We show that our proposed algorithms can fully exploit the interworking between communication and computation to outperform the baselines, i.e., random scheduling, round robin, and delay-minimization algorithms.

关键词： federated learning differential privacy gradient sparsification Lyapunov drift convergence analysis

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Antenna Selection Method for Distributed Dualfunction Radar Communication in MIMO System

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年

作者： Haitao ZHAO Zhongzheng DING Qin WANG Wenchao XIA XU Bo hongbo zhu College of Communication and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Distributed dual-function radar systems are an emerging trend in next-generation wireless systems, offering the possibility of improved parameter estimation for target localization as well as improved communication performance. With sufficient resource allocation, the achievable minimum estimated mean square error(MSE) and maximum total communication rate of localization may exceed the intended performance metrics of the system,which may consume an excessive number of antennas as well as antenna costs. In order to avoid resource wastage,this paper proposes a distributed dual-function radar communication(DFRC) multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) system capable of performing radar and communication tasks simultaneously. The distributed system achieves the desired MSE performance metrics and communication performance metrics by efficiently selecting a subset of antennas, and minimizing the number of transmitting antennas and receiving antennas used in the system as well as the cost. In this paper, the problem is modeled as a knapsack problem(KP) where the objective is to obtain the maximal MSE performance and the maximal total communication rate performance at the lowest cost, for which we design a heuristic antenna selection algorithm. The designed algorithm is effective in reducing the time complexity as well as reducing the cost of antenna, and minimizing the number of antennas required.

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A New Micropropagation Technology of Tilia amurensis:In VitroMicropropagation of Mature Zygotic Embryos and the Establishment of a PlantRegeneration System

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第2期93卷 277-289页

作者： Shijie Lin Zimo Wang hongbo zhu Conghui Wang Hongfeng Wang Dawei Zhang Tianbing Gou Guangdao Bao Ye Luo Huaijiang He Zhonghui Zhang Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences(Jilin Forestry Biological Control Central Station) Changchun130033China Institute of Forestry Inventory and Planning of Jilin Province Changchun130022China Jilin Forest Tree and Seeding Management Station Changchun130022China

Tilia amurensis is an economically valuable broadleaf tree species in Northeast China.The production of highqualityT.amurensis varieties at commercial scales has been greatly limited by the low germination rates.Thereis thus a pressing need to develop an organogenesis protocol for in vitro propagation of T.amurensis to alleviate ashortage of high-quality T.amurensis seedlings.Here,we established a rapid in vitro propagation system forT.amurensis from mature zygotic embryos and analyzed the effects of plant growth regulators and culture mediain different stages.We found that Woody plant medium(WPM)was the optimal primary culture medium formature zygotic embryos.The highest callus induction percentage(68.76%)and number of axillary buds induced(3.2)were obtained in WPM+0.89μmol/L 6-benzyladenine(6-BA)+0.46μmol/L kinetin(KT)+0.25μmol/Lindole-3-butryic acid(IBA)+1.44μmol/L gibberellin A_(3)(GA_(3)).The multiple shoot bud development achievedthe highest percentage(83.32%)in the Murashige and Skoog(MS)+2.22μmol/L 6-BA+0.25μmol/L IBA+1.44μmol/L GA_(3).The rooting percentage(96.70%)was highest in 1/2 MS medium+1.48μmol/L IBA.Thesurvival percentage of transplanting plantlets was 82.22%in soil:vermiculite:perlite(5:3:1).Our study is the firstto establish an effective organogenesis protocol for T.amurensis using mature zygotic embryos.

关键词： Tilia amurensis Rupr. mature zygotic embryo micropropagation adventitious bud multiplication rooting

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A General Framework for Intelligent IoT Data Acquisition and Sharing in an Untrusted Environment Based on Blockchain

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China Communications 2024年第3期21卷 137-148页

作者： Lu Yin Xue Yongtao Li Qingyuan Wu Luocheng Li Taosen Yang Peipei zhu hongbo College of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology(Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210003China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Research Institute of Internet of Things Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Bell Honors School Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China School of Automation Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

Traditional Io T systems suffer from high equipment management costs and difficulty in trustworthy data sharing caused by centralization.Blockchain provides a feasible research direction to solve these problems. The main challenge at this stage is to integrate the blockchain from the resourceconstrained Io T devices and ensure the data of Io T system is credible. We provide a general framework for intelligent Io T data acquisition and sharing in an untrusted environment based on the blockchain, where gateways become Oracles. A distributed Oracle network based on Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithm is used to provide trusted data for the blockchain to make intelligent Io T data trustworthy. An aggregation contract is deployed to collect data from various Oracle and share the credible data to all on-chain users. We also propose a gateway data aggregation scheme based on the REST API event publishing/subscribing mechanism which uses SQL to achieve flexible data aggregation. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can alleviate the problem of limited performance of Io T equipment, make data reliable, and meet the diverse data needs on the chain.

关键词： blockchain data sharing Internet of Things Oracle

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Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Traffic Accidents Risk for Internet of Vehicles

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China Communications 2022年第2期19卷 214-224页

作者： Haitao Zhao Xiaoqing Li Huiling Cheng Jun Zhang Qin Wang hongbo zhu School of Communication and Information Engineering Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China School of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

With the increasing number of vehicles,traffic accidents pose a great threat to human lives.Hence,aiming at reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents,this paper proposes an algorithm based on a deep convolutional neural network and a random forest to predict accident risks.Specifically,the proposed algorithm includes a feature extractor and a feature classifier,where the former extracts key features using a convolutional neural network and the latter outputs a probability value of traffic accidents using a random forest with multiple decision trees,which indicates the degree of accident risks.Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher performance in terms of the Area Under the Curve(AUC)of the Receiver Characteristic Operator as well as accuracy than the existing algorithms based on the Adaboost or the pure convolutional neural networks.

关键词： road safety risk prediction Internet of Vehicles

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High fidelity numerical simulations on the unsteady flow field of low-pressure turbine cascades with and without upstream disturbance at moderate Reynolds number

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2022年第1期4卷 203-217页

作者： hongbo zhu Xiyuan Pang Feng Wu Chunxiao Zhang Yan Bao Hui Xu School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment Mianyang621000China Inner Mongolia Road and Bridge Group Co. LtdHuhhot010000China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

This paper numerically investigates the aerodynamic performance of the T106A low-pressure turbine based with different inflow conditions at moderate Reynolds number by using high performance computing based on high order unstructured methods.Two different inflow conditions respectively of uniform and disturbed are considered,while for the latter a small circular cylinder is placed upstream of the cascade to generate wake turbulence as a long-standing disturbance.A high order Fourier-spectral/hp element method is employed to solve the flow dynamics in the cascade of high complex geometries.Flow transition characteristics are quantified in terms of the distribution of cascade wall surface pressure and friction coefficient,the distribution of wake profile pressure loss and the evolution characteristics of boundary layer flow structures as well.The numerical results show that the current numerical simulations accurately predict the flow transition performance of low-pressure turbine cascades and capture the effects of wake-generated disturbance on the cascade,which is shown to effectively modify the flow transition performance as compared with the uniform inflow case.

关键词： Fourier-spectral/hp element method Low pressure turbine Wake generated disturbance Aerodynamic characteristics

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Estimation of the radiation backgrounds in the CEPC vertex detector

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2022年第2期6卷 170-178页

作者： Wei Xu Haoyu Shi hongbo zhu Ke Li Sha Bai Xinchou Lou Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Background The Circular Electron-Positron Collider(CEPC)is aimed for precision measurements of the Higgs boson properties and the electroweak parameters.The achievable precision will be largely dependent on the controlled level of radiation backgrounds,which requires an optimized design of the interaction region to assure the optimal performance of both the accelerator and the detectors.Purpose In this article,the latest results on the radiation backgrounds are reported based on the accelerator parameters and the detector design presented in the CEPC conceptual design reports.Method For the different sources of radiation backgrounds,simulation steps consisting of generation,tracking,and detector simulation were performed.Radiation backgrounds from the processes of synchrotron radiation,pair production,radiative Bhabha scattering,beam gas Bremsstrahlung scattering,and beam thermal photon scattering were considered for the accel-erator operating at the different centre-of-mass energies(HZ threshold,WW threshold,and Z pole).Possible mitigation methods of masks and/or collimators were introduced to suppress the radiation backgrounds,together with the careful opti-mization of the interaction region design.With the improved tracking methods during simulation,the accuracy and reliability of the results were improved.In addition,the radiation backgrounds on the CEPC vertex detector were estimated,and the pair-production was found to be the most important source.Result In the worst case of operation at the Z pole,the vertex detector would have to withstand a total ionization dose of 5.6 Mrad per year and a non-ionization energy loss(shown in 1 MeV neutron equivalent)of 1.06×10^(13)n_(eq)/cm^(2)per year.

关键词： CEPC Interaction region Beam-induced background Vertex detector

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Implementation and verification of the CEPC baseline tracker using a modern track reconstruction software

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第3期7卷 392-398页

作者： Yebo Chen Yubo Han Gang Li Linghui Wu Shuiting Xin Jin Zhang hongbo zhu Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron(DESY) Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany School of Science Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China School of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Purpose A high-performance tracking system will be crucial for the realization of the full physics potential of the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)project.Abaseline tracker has been proposed in the Conceptual Design Report and requires detailed studies of the layout geometry and comprehensive understanding of its tracking performance.Methods A Common Tracking Software(ACTS)is an experiment-independent software package and introduced for the track reconstruction for particle and nuclear physics experiments.The CEPC baseline tracker geometry has been implemented in ACTS,and its tracking performance has been evaluated with the provided track finding and fitting algorithms based on the truth tracking method.Results and Conclusion The tracking geometry implemented in ACTS,including the sensitive elements and simplified material distribution,has been validated.The track parameter resolutions obtained with ACTS are consistent with the full simulation results over the momentum range under investigation.ACTS has proven to be an excellent platform for the tracking performance evaluation and the tracker layout optimization.

关键词： CEPC Baseline tracker ACTS Truth tracking

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Proactive eavesdropping of wireless powered suspicious interference networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 260-261页

作者： Ding XU hongbo zhu Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Dear editor,Radio frequency(RF) energy harvesting is a technology that enables harvesting energy from RF signals, and the wireless powered communication network(WPCN) is a new type of wireless network, where devices are powered by RF energy harvesting [1, 2]. Meanwhile, physical layer security(PLS)is a technique to ensure communication security from the aspect of the physical layer,

关键词： legitimate surveillance proactive eavesdropping wireless powered suspicious interference networks successive interference cancellation physical layer security

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基于混合协作NOMA的安全MEC能耗优化

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系统工程与电子技术 2024年第3期46卷 1116-1124页

作者：余雪勇傅新程朱洪波南京邮电大学江苏省无线通信重点实验室江苏南京210003 南京邮电大学教育部泛在网络健康服务系统工程研究中心江苏南京210003

非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)技术的广泛应用改变了传统物理层安全对用户传输速率的限制,在降低时延的同时会引起系统能耗增加。针对安全通信与降低能耗问题,提出一种基于混合协作NOMA的安全边缘计算传输方法... 详细信息

非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)技术的广泛应用改变了传统物理层安全对用户传输速率的限制,在降低时延的同时会引起系统能耗增加。针对安全通信与降低能耗问题,提出一种基于混合协作NOMA的安全边缘计算传输方法。该方法对每个用户数据处理过程设计了多时隙混合协作方案,根据不同用户的信道条件分别设置卸载决策,保证用户间公平,并推导出系统保密中断概率的闭合表达式。然后以最小化系统能耗为目标,采用基于块坐标下降的三步迭代优化算法求得最优卸载方案。仿真结果显示,所提出的传输方法能在保证信息安全的条件下有效地减少系统能耗。

关键词：非正交多址接入物理层安全移动边缘计算中断概率块坐标下降

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